An Empirical Analysis of Retirement Decisions in Taiwan

Wen-Shai Hung,Shu-Hsi Ho 행정언어와 질적연구학회 2010 행정언어와 질적연구 Vol.1 No.2

Effect of ethyl alcohol aging on the apatite formation of a low-modulus Ti-7.5Mo alloy treated with aqueous NaOH

Ho, Wen-Fu,Tsou, Hsi-Kai,Wu, Shih-Ching,Hsu, Shih-Kuang,Chuang, Shao-Hsuan,Hsu, Hsueh-Chuan Techno-Press 2014 Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the apatite-formation abilities of low-modulus Ti-7.5Mo substrates treated with NaOH aqueous solutions and subsequent ethyl alcohol aging before soaking them in simulated body fluid. Specimens of Ti-7.5Mo were initially treated with 5 M NaOH at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, resulting in the formation of a porous network structure composed of sodium hydrogen titanate. Afterwards, the specimens were aged in ethyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 or 10 min, and subsequently immersed in simulated body fluid at $37^{\circ}C$ for 3, 7 and 14 days. Ethyl alcohol aging significantly increased the apatite-forming abilities of Ti-7.5Mo. The amount of apatite deposited on the Ti-7.5Mo after NaOH treatment and subsequent ethyl alcohol aging was much greater, especially after the Ti-7.5Mo specimens were aged for 5 min. Due to its excellent combination of bioactivity, low elastic modulus and low processing costs, the Ti-7.5Mo treated with NaOH aqueous solutions and subsequently aged in ethyl alcohol has promising heavy load-bearing applications.

Effect of ethyl alcohol aging on the apatite formation of a low-modulus Ti-7.5Mo alloy treated with aqueous NaOH

Ho, Wen-Fu,Tsou, Hsi-Kai,Wu, Shih-Ching,Hsu, Shih-Kuang,Chuang, Shao-Hsuan,Hsu, Hsueh-Chuan Techno-Press 2014 Biomaterials and biomedical engineering Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the apatite-formation abilities of low-modulus Ti-7.5Mo substrates treated with NaOH aqueous solutions and subsequent ethyl alcohol aging before soaking them in simulated body fluid. Specimens of Ti-7.5Mo were initially treated with 5 M NaOH at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, resulting in the formation of a porous network structure composed of sodium hydrogen titanate. Afterwards, the specimens were aged in ethyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 or 10 min, and subsequently immersed in simulated body fluid at $37^{\circ}C$ for 3, 7 and 14 days. Ethyl alcohol aging significantly increased the apatite-forming abilities of Ti-7.5Mo. The amount of apatite deposited on the Ti-7.5Mo after NaOH treatment and subsequent ethyl alcohol aging was much greater, especially after the Ti-7.5Mo specimens were aged for 5 min. Due to its excellent combination of bioactivity, low elastic modulus and low processing costs, the Ti-7.5Mo treated with NaOH aqueous solutions and subsequently aged in ethyl alcohol has promising heavy load-bearing applications.

The Effects of Freeze Drying and Rehydration on Survival of Microorganisms in Kefir

Chen, Hsi-Chia,Lin, Chin-Wen,Chen, Ming-Ju Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of freeze drying on the microorganisms in kefir. Influences of lyoprotectants and rehydrated media (water at $4^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$; 10% reconstituted milk at $4^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$) on the viability of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in freeze-dried kefir were investigated. Kefir was made from cow milk which was inoculated with 5% kefir grains, and incubated at $20^{\circ}C$ for 20 h. Lyoprotectants (galactose, lactose, maltose, sucrose and trehalose) were added independently before dehydration of kefir by freeze drying. Results indicated significant loss in viability of microorganisms in kefir after freeze-drying. Addition of 10% galactose or 10% sucrose as lyoprotectants significantly increased the survival rates of both lactic acid bacteria and yeasts (p<0.05). The $4^{\circ}C$ rehydration temperature showed the best viabilities for yeasts, however, viability was not significantly affected by rehydration media (p>0.05).

Research on Value Creativity of Taiwan`s Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

( Shiaw Wen Tien ),( Yi Chan Chung ),( Chih Hung Tsai ),( Chia Hsiang Hsieh ),( Hung Hsi Chen ) 한국품질경영학회 2007 The Asian Journal on Quality Vol.8 No.1

This research probes into the execution of small and medium-sized enterprises` value creativities by a difference analysis with different classifications, different capital, different turnover, different employees, and different established years. This study develop a questionnaire about value creativity with five dimensions and thirty-five items according to “Valuation” by McKinsey and Company, Inc. and Copeland et al., such as: “Aspiration and target,” “Portfolio management,” “Organization design,” “Process management,” and “Business and individual performance management.” The results are as follows: (1) Most small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have executed value creativities; (2) There is a difference in the execution of value creativities between the livelihood industry and the chemical industry; the execution of value creativities by livelihood industry is better than the chemical industry; (3) For value creativities of the execution of different capital and turnover for SMEs, bigger entities are better than smaller ones; (4) For the value creativities of the execution of different numbers of staff in SMEs, those with more staff are better than those with fewer staff; (5) For the value creativities of the execution of different established years for SMEs, those established longer are better than those established shorter.

결혼 이주민의 결혼지속에 관한 연구: 타이완의 경우를 중심으로

원샤이홍 ( Wen Shai Hong ),슈시호 ( Shu Hsi Ho ),이광석 ( Kwang Seok Lee ) 한국사회보장학회 2012 社會 保障 硏究 Vol.28 No.1

이 논문은 타이완에 살고 있는 대륙 출신의 아내와의 결혼생활의 지속에 영향을 주는 요소들에 관한 연구이다. 이 연구는 타이완의 다문화가족과 대륙 출신 가정에 관한 2008년도 생활 환경조사(SFMLCT)를 자료로 이용하였다. 이 자료는 그들에 관한 상세한 정보(건강, 고용, 경제 상태, 가족 구조, 사회 소통망 등)를 담고 있다. Duration model은 결혼 지속에 관한 위험률(특히 이혼과 별거에 관하여)을 측정하기 위해서 사용된다. 더 나아가, 이 논문은 frailty model에서 관찰되지 않는 heterogeneity의 효과를 검증하였다. 중요한 연구의 결과는 나이가 든 타이완 출신 남편, 건강이 좋은 타이완 남편, 결혼 전력이 있거나(two previous marriages), 고소득층, 직업이 있는 대륙 출신의 아내인 경우는 이혼이나 별거에서 높은 위험률(hazard rates)을 나타내었다. 반면에 나이든 대륙 출신 아내, 건강이 좋은 아내, 타이완에 오래 살았거나 높은 가구 소득을 가졌거나, 다자녀를 가진 대륙 출신 여성이나 의사소통이 활발하거나(good communication skills) 대륙 친척들의 친구가 있는 대륙 출신 여성, 타이완에 친척들이나 이웃들이나 친한 사람들(own Taiwanese relatives, neighbors and others)이 살고 있으면 이혼이나 별거의 위험률이 낮아진다는 점에서 대조적이다. 이 연구에서 이혼율과 별거율을 줄이기 위해서는 정부(the Taiwanese government)는 더 많은 취업기회를 제공하도록 노력해야 하며 대륙 출신 아내들이 일자리를 위한 자격을 갖추도록 도와주어야 한다(ensure eligibility)는 점에서 일자리가 최고의 복지라는 맥락과 일치한다. 이 연구가 한국에 주는 시사점은 한국의 다문화가족이나 새터민에게도 적용할 수 있는 연구를 촉구하며, 타이완의 연구 결과와의 비교로 이어질 수 있다는 함축을 갖는다. This paper investigates the factors influencing the duration of marriage among Chinese wives in Taiwan. The data used is from the 2008 Survey of Foreign and Mainland Chinese Spouses` Living Conditions in Taiwan (SFMLCT), which contains detailed information on individuals`- health, employment, economic status, family structure, and social networks. Duration models are used to estimate the hazard rates of marriage duration, especially for divorce or separation. Further, this paper examines the effect of unobserved heterogeneity in frailty model. The main results show that older Taiwanese husbands, husbands in good health, two previous marriages, higher earnings, and Chinese wives with jobs have higher hazard rates of divorce or separation. In contrast, older Chinese wives, wives in good health, living longer in Taiwan, with higher household income, with more children, with good communication skills, friends from own Chinese relatives, own Taiwanese relatives, neighbors and others have lower hazard rates of divorce or separation. The empirical results also confirm that, after considering the effect of unobserved heterogeneity, some estimated coefficients on the marriage hazard regressors are larger in magnitude than the corresponding coefficients in the reference model. Therefore, to reduce the rate of divorce or separation the Taiwanese government could create more job opportunities and ensure eligibility of the Chinese wives for work.

Initial Factors Influencing Duration of Hospital Stay in Adult Patients With Peritonsillar Abscess

Yu-Hsi Liu,Hsing-Hao Su,Yi-Wen Tsai,Yu-Yi Hou,Kuo-Ping Chang,Chao-Chuan Chi,Ming-Yee Lin,Pi-Hsiung Wu 대한이비인후과학회 2017 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.10 No.1

Objectives. To review cases of peritonsillar abscess and investigate the initial clinical factors that may influence the duration of hospitalization. To determine the predictive factors of prolonged hospital stay in adult patients with peritonsillar abscess. Methods. Subjects were adults hospitalized with peritonsillar abscess. We retrospectively reviewed 377 medical records from 1990 to 2013 in a tertiary medical center in southern Taiwan. The association between clinical characteristics and the length of hospital stay was analyzed with independent t-test, univariate linear regression and multiple linear regression analysis. Results. The mean duration of hospitalization was 6.2±6.0 days. With univariate linear regression, a prolonged hospital stay was associated with several variables, including female gender, older ages, nonsmoking status, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, band forms in white blood cell (WBC) counts, and lower hemoglobin levels. With multiple linear regression analysis, four independent predictors of hospital stay were noted: years of age (P<0.001), history of diabetes mellitus (P<0.001), ratio of band form WBC (P<0.001), and hemoglobin levels (P<0.001). Conclusion. In adult patients with peritonsillar abscess, older ages, history of diabetes mellitus, band forms in WBC counts and lower hemoglobin levels were independent predictors of longer hospitalization.

Research on Value Creativity of Taiwan's Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

Tien, Shiaw-Wen,Chung, Yi-Chan,Tsai, Chih-Hung,Hsieh, Chia-Hsiang,Chen, Hung-Hsi The Korean Society for Quality Management 2007 The Asian Journal on Quality Vol.8 No.1

This research probes into the execution of small and medium-sized enterprises' value creativities by a difference analysis with different classifications, different capital, different turnover, different employees, and different established years. This study develop a questionnaire about value creativity with five dimensions and thirty-five items according to "Valuation" by McKinsey and Company, Inc. and Copeland et al., such as: "Aspiration and target," "Portfolio management," "Organization design," "Process management," and "Business and individual performance management." The results are as follows: (1) Most small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have executed value creativities; (2) There is a difference in the execution of value creativities between the livelihood industry and the chemical industry; the execution of value creativities by livelihood industry is better than the chemical industry; (3) For value creativities of the execution of different capital and turnover for SMEs, bigger entities are better than smaller ones; (4) For the value creativities of the execution of different numbers of staff in SMEs, those with more staff are better than those with fewer staff; (5) For the value creativities of the execution of different established years for SMEs, those established longer are better than those established shorter.

Suture Repair in Endoscopic Surgery for Craniovertebral Junction

Mei-Yin Yeh,Wen-Cheng Huang,Jau-Ching Wu,Chao-Hung Kuo,Hsuan-Kan Chang,Tsung-Hsi Tu,Peng-Yuan Chang,Yu-Shu Yen,Henrich Cheng 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.2

Objective: Endoscopic approaches to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) have been established as viable and effective surgical treatments in the past decade. One of the major complications is leakage of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of suture closure at the nasopharyngeal mucosa upon durotomy. Methods: A series of consecutive patients who underwent different endoscopic approaches to the CVJ were retrospectively reviewed. The pathologies, surgical corridors, neurological and functional outcomes, radiological evaluations, and complications were analyzed. Different strategies of repair for the intraoperative CSF leakage were described and compared. Results: A total of 22 patients covering 13 years were analyzed. There were 12, 2, and 8 patients who underwent transnasal, transoral, and combined approaches, respectively. There were 8 patients (36.4%) who experienced intraoperative CSF leakage, and were grouped into 2: 4 in the nonsuture (NS) group and 4 in the suture-repaired (SR) group. The NS group had 3 (75%) persistent CSF leakages postoperation that caused 1 mortality, whereas patients of the SR group had only 1 minor CSF rhinorrhea that healed spontaneously within days. Conclusion: In this series of 22 patients who required anterior endoscopic resection of pathologies at the CVJ, there was 1 (4.5%) serious complication related to CSF leakage. For patients who had no durotomy, the mucosal incision at the nasopharynx usually healed rapidly and there were few procedure-related complications. For patients with intraoperative CSF leakage, suture closure was technically challenging but could significantly lower the risks of postoperative complications.

Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Spinal Cord Injury

Chin-Chu Ko,Tsung-Hsi Tu,Jau-Ching Wu,Wen-Cheng Huang,Henrich Cheng 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.4

Spinal cord injury (SCI), with an incidence rate of 246 per million person-years among adults in Taiwan, remains a devastating disease in the modern day. Elderly men with lower socioeconomic status have an even higher risk for SCI. Despite advances made in medicine and technology to date, there are few effective treatments for SCI due to limitations in the regenerative capacity of the adult central nervous system. Experiments and clinical trials have explored neuro-regeneration in human SCI, encompassing cell- and molecule-based therapies. Furthermore, strategies have aimed at restoring connections, including autologous peripheral nerve grafts and biomaterial scaffolds that theoretically promote axonal growth. Most molecule-based therapies target the modulation of inhibitory molecules to promote axonal growth, degrade glial scarring obstacles, and stimulate intrinsic regenerative capacity. Among them, acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) has been investigated for nerve repair; it is mitogenic and pluripotent in nature and could enhance axonal growth and mitigate glial scarring. For more than 2 decades, the authors have conducted multiple trials, including human and animal experiments, using aFGF to repair nerve injuries, including central and peripheral nerves. In these trials, aFGF has shown promise for neural regeneration, and in the future, more trials and applications should investigate aFGF as a neurotrophic factor. Focusing on aFGF, the current review aimed to summarize the historical evolution of the utilization of aFGF in SCI and nerve injuries, to present applications and trials, to summarize briefly its possible mechanisms, and to provide future perspectives.