기능성 위장관장애 환자의 자율신경계기능과 음-양(陰陽)체질 특성에 관한 연구

이정호,송지영,황의완,정두훈,김영미 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 기질적 원인이 없이 장기간 소화장애 및 복통이 지속되는 기능성 위장관 장애 환자를 대상으로 하여, 음양체질의 특성이 위장관을 조절하는 자율신경계 기능 이상과 관련되는지를 알아보기 위하여, 사상체질 특성에 따른 자율신경계 기능의 차이유무를 측정해 보고자 하였다. 이로써 이들 환자에서 보이는 자율신경계 기능의 불균형 상태가 한의학에서 말하는 음양(陰陽)이론으로 설명할 수 있을지 알아 보고자 하였다. 그리고 만일 이러한 설명이 가능하게 되면 향후 기능성 위장관 장애 환자에 대한 음양이론에 입각한 치료의 이론적 배경이 될 것으로 기대하였다. 방 법 : 기능성 위장관 장애 환자 27명과 대조군으로서 위장관 증상 이외의 증상을 가진 신체형 장애 환자(이하 기타 신체형 장애) 28명과 건강 대조군 26명을 조사 대상으로 하였다. 이들에게 사상체질(四象體質)분류검사를 이용하여 소음 체질과 기타 체질군으로 나누고, 자율신경 기능검사를 실시하여 체질에 따른 자율신경계 기능을 비교해 보았다. 결 과 : 기능성 위장관 환자군에서 소음체질이 의미있게 많은 빈도를 차지하지는 않았으며, 기능성 위장관 장애군과 기타 신체형 장애군과의 비교에서 자율신경 기능의 차이는 없었다. 이로서 비기질성 기능 장애의 하나인 기능성 위장 장애에서 체질 특성과 부교감신경계 기능 저하와는 관련성은 거의 없다고 추정된다. 단지 기능성 위장 장애군과 기타 신체형 장애군을 합한 신체형 장애 환자군에서는 건강 대조군에 비하여 소음체질의 빈도가 높았으며 부교감신경 기능이 의미있게 낮은 소견을 보였다. 결 론 : 비기질성 기능 장애인 기능성 위장관 장애에서는 한의학에서의 음양가설이라는 일원론에 입각한 이분법적인 개념이 자율신경계의 교감, 부교감 신경계 기능과 일치하는 부분은 적은 것으로 추정된다. 기능성 위장관 장애를 대상으로 해서 앞으로는 음양의 체질이라는 포괄적인 개념보다는 확실한 증상 몇 개 중심으로 하는 좀 더 세분화된 부분으로부터 접근해 볼 필요가 있으리라 사료된다. Objectives : It was revealed that autonomic dysfunction especially decreased parasympathetic functions, seems to be one of the major etiological factors in functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGID). The physiological characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic functions are externally similar to the features of Yin and Yang based on oriental medicine theory. And it was also revealed that gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in Lesser Yin con-stitutional type(少陰) originated from four types of constitution shown in Sasang constitutional theory(四象醫學). If we obtain the findings on the similarities or compatibilities between autonomic nervous functions and physical constitutional features in functional gastrointestinal disorders, we could apply various oriental treatment modalities to the patients with functional disorders, especially according to Yin-Yang constitutional concept. Methods : We investigated the correlations between characteristics of physical constitution (Yin and Yang) and imbalance of the autonomic functions in patients with FGID. Subjects consisted with three groups : 27 patients with FGID (including irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, functional abdominal pain syndrome according to the Rome criteria), 28 patients with somatoform disorders who had symptoms other than abdominal symptoms(other somatoform disorders), and 26 normal healthy controls. Characteristics of constitutions were evaluated and divided into two major groups, i.e., Lesser Yin constitution and other constitutions(Greater Yin & Yang and Lesser Yang included) according to the Je-Ma Lee's Classification Questionnaire for Four Constitutional Types(Song et al. 1993). For evaluating the autonomic functions, three parasympathetic functions and two sympathetic functions were measured. Levels of anxiety and depression were also evaluated to be used as a covariant controlling the autonomic functions. Results : 1) FGID group showed significantly lower parasympathetic functions compared to healthy controls, however, there was no differences between FGID and other somatoform disorder groups. 2) Lesser Yin constitutional type was not so prevalent in FGID group. 3) When FGID and other somatoform disorder groups were combined and compared with normal healthy controls, the former group showed significantly lower parasympathetic functions than the latter group. Conclusions : According to these results, Lesser Yin constitutional type do not seem to be closely related with FGID. However, it was suggested that decreased parasympathetic functions were partly associated with this group. We could not find any correlations or compatibilities between two constitutional characteristics and autonomic dysfunction in FGID. This means that functional symptoms of FGID when those were deducted as Yin and Yang characteristics based on oriental medicine could not be understood as two oppositional and co-operative functions such as autonomic functions. Further research with more restricted symptoms selected in the functional disorders and with other physiological cues applied would be needed.

Rock bridge fracture model and stability analysis of surrounding rock in underground cavern group

Song Yu,Wei-shen Zhu,Wei-min Yang,Dun-fu Zhang,Qing-song Ma 국제구조공학회 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.53 No.3

Many hydropower stations in southwest China are located in regions of brittle rock mass with high geo-stresses. Under these conditions deep fractured zones often occur in the sidewalls of the underground caverns of a power station. The theory and methods of fracture and damage mechanics are therefore adopted to study the phenomena. First a flexibility matrix is developed to describe initial geometric imperfections of a jointed rock mass. This model takes into account the area and orientation of the fracturedsurfaces of multiple joint sets, as well as spacing and density of joints. Using the assumption of the equivalent strain principle, a damage constitutive model is established based on the brittle fracture criterion. In addition the theory of fracture mechanics is applied to analyze the occurrence of secondary cracks duringa cavern excavation. The failure criterion, for rock bridge coalescence and the damage evolution equation, has been derived and a new sub-program integrated into the FLAC-3D software. The model has then beenapplied to the stability analysis of an underground cavern group of a hydropower station in Sichuan province, China. The results of this method are compared with those obtained by using a conventional elasto-plastic model and splitting depth calculated by the splitting failure criterion proposed in a previous study. The results are also compared with the depth of the relaxation and fracture zone in the surrounding rock measured by field monitoring. The distribution of the splitting zone obtained both by the proposed model and by the field monitoring measurements are consistent to the validity of the theory developed herein.

Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes Designs Based on Jacket Transform

Wei Song,이문호,Mustafa M. Matalgah,Ying Guo 한국통신학회 2010 Journal of communications and networks Vol.12 No.3

Jacket matrices1, motivated by the complex Hadamard matrix, have played important roles in signal processing, communications,image compression, cryptography, etc. In this paper, we suggest a novel approach to design a simple class of space-time block codes (STBCs) to reduce its peak-to-average power ratio. The proposed code provides coding gain due to the characteristics of the complex Hadamard matrix, which is a special case of Jacket matrices. Also, it can achieve full rate and full diversity with the simple decoding. Simulations show the good performance of the proposed codes in terms of symbol error rate. For generality, a kind of quasi-orthogonal STBC may be similarly designed with the improved performance.

A Novel Topology Structure and Control Method of High-Voltage Converter for High-Input-Voltage Applications

Song, Chun-Wei,Zhao, Rong-Xiang,Zhang, Hao Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2012 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.1 No.2

In this paper, a three-phase high-voltage converter (HVC), in which the main structure of each phase is composed of a cascaded PWM rectifier (CPR) and cascaded inverter (CI), is studied. A high-voltage grid is the input of the HVC. In order to ensure proper operation of the HVC, the control method should achieve output voltage sharing (OVS) among the rectifiers in the CPR, OVS among the inverters in the CI, and high power factor. Master-slave direct-current control (MDCC) is used to control the CPR. The ability of the control system to prevent interference is strong when using MDCC. The CI is controlled by three-loop control, which is composed of an outer common-output-voltage loop, inner current loops and voltage sharing loops. Simulation results show low total harmonic distortion (THD) in the HVC input currents and good OVS in both the CPR and CI.

Role of Integrin-Linked Kinase in Multi-drug Resistance of Human Gastric Carcinoma SGC7901/DDP Cells

Song, Wei,Jiang, Rui,Zhao, Chun-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Gastric carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death in the world and multi-drug resistance (MDR) is an essential aspect of gastric carcinoma chemotherapy failure. Recent studies have shown that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is involved in metastasis of human tumors, expression silencing of ILK inhibiting the metastasis of several types of cultured human cancer cells. However, the role and potential mechanism of ILK to reverse the multi-drug resistance in human gastric carcinoma is not fully clear. In this report, we focused on roles of expression silencing of ILK in multi-drug resistance reversal of human gastric carcinoma SGC7901/DDP cells, including increased drug sensitivity to cisplatin, cell apoptosis rates, and intracellular accumulation of Rhodamine-123, and decreased mRNA and protein expression of multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1), multi-drug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), glutathione S-transferase -${\pi}$ (GST-${\pi}$) and RhoE, and transcriptional activation of AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ in ILK silenced SGC7901/DDP cells. We also found that there was a decreased level of p-Akt and p-ERK. The results indicated that ILK might be used as a potential therapeutic strategy to combat multi-drug resistance through blocking PI3K-Akt and MAPK-ERK pathways in human gastric carcinoma.

A Deep Belief Network for Electricity Utilisation Feature Analysis of Air Conditioners Using a Smart IoT Platform

Song, Wei,Feng, Ning,Tian, Yifei,Fong, Simon,Cho, Kyungeun Korea Information Processing Society 2018 Journal of information processing systems Vol.14 No.1

Currently, electricity consumption and feedback mechanisms are being widely researched in Internet of Things (IoT) areas to realise power consumption monitoring and management through the remote control of appliances. This paper aims to develop a smart electricity utilisation IoT platform with a deep belief network for electricity utilisation feature modelling. In the end node of electricity utilisation, a smart monitoring and control module is developed for automatically operating air conditioners with a gateway, which connects and controls the appliances through an embedded ZigBee solution. To collect electricity consumption data, a programmable smart IoT gateway is developed to connect an IoT cloud server of smart electricity utilisation via the Internet and report the operational parameters and working states. The cloud platform manages the behaviour planning functions of the energy-saving strategies based on the power consumption features analysed by a deep belief network algorithm, which enables the automatic classification of the electricity utilisation situation. Besides increasing the user's comfort and improving the user's experience, the established feature models provide reliable information and effective control suggestions for power reduction by refining the air conditioner operation habits of each house. In addition, several data visualisation technologies are utilised to present the power consumption datasets intuitively.

Motivation based Behavior Sequence Learning for an Autonomous Agent in Virtual Reality

Wei Song,Kyungeun Cho,Kyhyun Um 한국멀티미디어학회 2009 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.12 No.12

Top-down Behavior Planning for Real-life Simulation

Song Wei,Kyungeun Cho,Kyhyun Um 한국멀티미디어학회 2007 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.10 No.12

Polyethylenimine-coated biomass-chitosan composite fibers for recovery of ruthenium from industrial effluents: Effects of chitosan molecular weight and drying method

Song, Myung-Hee,Kim, Jeong Ae,Wei, Wei,Kim, Sok,Yun, Yeoung-Sang Elsevier 2018 Hydrometallurgy Vol.182 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Sustainable recovery of precious metal ions from secondary sources is of high interest due to their limited availability, high demand, and high cost. The objective of this study was to establish manufacturing conditions of acid-stable and high-performance composite fibers and to apply the fibers for recovery of ruthenium from industrial effluents generated from acetic acid making Cativa™ process. The polyethylenimine-coated onto biomass-chitosan composite fibers (PBCFs) were prepared by different methods. The molecular weight of chitosan and drying methods were selected major factors affecting the stability and adsorption performance of PBCFs. The drying method largely affects the stability and adsorption performance, while the effect of molecular weight was not significant. After adsorption, Ru was successfully recovered as a solid state by incineration of the Ru-loaded PBCFs. The present study provided optimized conditions for fabricating stable and high-performance PBCFs able to be used for recovery of Ru through the adsorption-incineration technique.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PBCFs were fabricated to recover Ru from real industrial effluents. </LI> <LI> Effects of chitosan Mw and drying methods on sorption performance were investigated. </LI> <LI> The Ru uptake of PBCFs was 14.4 times higher than that of commercial resin. </LI> <LI> This study provided optimalconditions for fabricating PBCFs. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Equality of Interest Rates Revisited: the Multi-Country Evidence

Wei, Song-Zan Chiou,Zhu, Zhen 한국국제경제학회 2004 International Economic Journal Vol.18 No.2

One influential aspect of international integration of financial markets is the possibility of reducing divergences between domestic interest rates and foreign interest rates or increasing the degree to which yields in different financial markets move together over time. In the study, we investigate the convergence of the real interest rates using the Kalman filter. Applying the modified Hall et al. (1997) approach, we model the risk premium and convergence of real interest rate using the time-varying parameter estimation techniques. We present evidence of risk premium and convergence for two blocks of countries - The Asian-Pacific countries including the U.S., Japan, Taiwan and South Korea and the U.S.- European group including France, the U.K., Germany and the U.S.