Hydropower Impacts on Livelihood Capital: Evidence from the Resettlement of the Upper Paunglaung Hydropower Project, Myanmar

Way Way Hlaing,Sylvia Szabo,Gregory S. Cooper 이화여자대학교 국제지역연구소 2021 Asian International Studies Review Vol.22 No.2

In hydropower development projects, the most obvious issue affecting local communities is land acquisition, of which resettlement is the most visible social impact. Critically, livelihood activities in such communities are intrinsically connected with the affected areas’ natural, environmental, and social backgrounds. In this context, the present study focuses on the livelihood impacts upon the upstream communities who permanently lost their land and were displaced by the reservoir formation of the Upper Paunglaung hydropower project in Myanmar. Primary data were collected from 300 randomly selected households from 23 resettled villages. Changes in several livelihood assets were analyzed using descriptive statistics, statistical significance tests, and Livelihood Asset Pentagons. Positive livelihood changes were observed in relation to human, physical and social capitals, whereas negative changes were found to be associated with natural and financial capital. The paper concludes with several recommendations for local development planners and policymakers.

생각하는 백성으로 걸어온 길

한태동 ( Ways of Thinking Process ) 연세대학교 국학연구원 1985 동방학지 Vol.46-48 No.-

A comparison of individual and combined $_L$-phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cationic peroxidase transgenes for engineering resistance in tobacco to necrotrophic pathogens

Way, Heather M.,Birch, Robert G.,Manners, John M. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.5 No.4

This study tested the relative and combined efficacy of ShPx2 and ShPAL transgenes by comparing Nicotiana tabacum hybrids with enhanced levels of $_L$-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and cationic peroxidase (Prx) activity with transgenic parental lines that overexpress either transgene. The PAL/Prx hybrids expressed both transgenes driven by the 35S CaMV promoter, and leaf PAL and Prx enzyme activities were similar to those of the relevant transgenic parent and seven- to tenfold higher than nontransgenic controls. Lignin levels in the PAL/Prx hybrids were higher than the PAL parent and nontransgenic controls, but not significantly higher than the Prx parent. All transgenic plants showed increased resistance to the necrotrophs Phytophthora parasitica pv. nicotianae and Cercospora nicotianae compared to nontransgenic controls, with a preponderance of smaller lesion categories produced in Prx-expressing lines. However, the PAL/Prx hybrids showed no significant increase in resistance to either pathogen relative to the Prx parental line. These data indicate that, in tobacco, the PAL and Prx transgenes do not act additively in disease resistance. Stacking with Prx did not prevent a visible growth inhibition from PAL overexpression. Practical use of ShPAL will likely require more sophisticated developmental control, and we conclude that ShPx2 is a preferred candidate for development as a resistance transgene.

Fatal infections in older patients with inflammatory bowel disease on anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy

( Way-seah Lee ),( Najib Azmi ),( Ruey-terng Ng ),( Sik-yong Ong ),( Sasheela Sri La Ponnampalavanar ),( Sanjiv Mahadeva ),( Ida Hilmi ) 대한장연구학회 2017 Intestinal Research Vol.15 No.4

Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) is highly effective in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, it is associated with an increased risk of infections, particularly in older adults. We reviewed 349 patients with IBD, who were observed over a 12-month period, 74 of whom had received anti-TNF therapy (71 patients were aged <60 years and 3 were aged ≥60 years). All the 3 older patients developed serious infectious complications after receiving anti-TNFs, although all of them were also on concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. One patient developed disseminated tuberculosis, another patient developed cholera diarrhea followed by nosocomial pneumonia, while the third patient developed multiple opportunistic infections (Pneumocystis pneumonia, cryptococcal septicemia and meningitis, Klebsiella septicemia). All 3 patients died within 1 year from the onset of the infection(s). We recommend that anti-TNF, especially when combined with other immunosuppressive therapy, should be used with extreme caution in older adult patients with IBD. (Intest Res 2017;15:524-528)

Intimate Partner Violence in Cambodia: Is Women’s Empowerment a Protective Factor?

Chiew Way Ang,Siow Li Lai 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2022 Asian Women Vol.38 No.3

One of the key agendas of the Sustainable Development Goals is to eliminate all forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a human rights violation that has severe health, social, and economic consequences. While there is a sizable body of literature on IPV in South Asia, research on this topic in Southeast Asia is lacking. This study examines whether women’s empowerment is protective against physical, sexual, and emotional IPV in Cambodia, the least developed country in Southeast Asia, and where IPV is higher than in its regional peers. Despite the Cambodian government’s commendable efforts to uplift women’s status, there was an increase in all forms of IPV among married women between 2005 and 2014: from 17.5% to 23.9% for emotional abuse, 11.9% to 14.9% for physical violence, and 2.5% to 4.8% for sexual violence. There was also evidence of the intergenerational transmission of physical violence against women. The data for this study were obtained from the 2014 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 3,223 married women aged 15–49 years were interviewed for the domestic violence module. Cross-tabulations, the Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test, and binary logistic regression were used to examine the association between women’s empowerment and the three different forms of IPV. Household decision-making power, attitude against wife beating, higher education (of both women and husbands), women’s earnings, delayed marriage, and having fewer children were associated with less IPV. Men’s controlling and drinking behaviors are risk factors for IPV in Cambodia. More efforts must be made to raise the educational level of the population, provide more job and earnings opportunities, and promote gender equality in the family and society to eradicate IPV.

신도시 계획과 개발의 특성에 관한 연구

이외희(Way Lee),원보람,이지은,좌승희 경기연구원 2008 경기개발연구원 기본연구 Vol.2008 No.11

The study is focused on the comparison between the plan and development of Bundang newtown. Planning indicators of the newtown are investigated how they are chaneged in the present. The study uses indicators of population, households, housing, transportation, parks, and schools which are concerned in Bundang newtown plan. Also, the cause of changes are explored in terms of the number of households, planning guidelines, and small and large scale development around Bundang area. The resident satisfaction, housing-job balance and the service function are examined for the influence of those changes. The study proposes as followings in conclusion. First, population and housing indicators of a plan should be considered for uncounted condition such as offices for residential use or single housing for several households. Second, the change of uses such as central commercial areas should be viewed as long term vision for the future according to the role of city(center). Third, the amenity in single housing areas should be kept from overcrowding due to single housing with several households and retail. Forth, above all job-housing balance should be considered to improve regional traffic condition and to prevent Seoul oriented development.

수도권 제2기 신도시지역의 인구유입특성에 관한 연구

이외희(Way Lee),이지은,좌승희 경기연구원 2007 경기개발연구원 기본연구 Vol.2007 No.11

The study investigates migrant characteristics of the capital area, specially Gyeonggi province so that it provides guidelines in the development of newtown and the fundamental data for a population projection in city comprehensive planning. Therefore, the study analyzes the change of migration in the capital area. Migration factors between the capital and non-capital region, and within the capital area are also explored. For more specific research the case study is conducted to investigate origin, commuting regions, migration reasons and satisfaction of residential areas. To analyze factors influencing migration between the capital and non-capital region, personal, social and regional variables are utilized. The results show that age, education and the status of employee affects the migration between those regions. Specially, regional variables have great effects on the migration to the capital area. For the analysis of migration in the capital area, besides aforementioned variables household characteristics are added. It shows that regional variables are not statistically significant in the capital area and that the migration is affected by the variables of age, education, the amount of space in dwelling, home ownership, the type of dwelling unit, and household type. For the more specific migration research of newtown, case study areas are selected among the first and second generation of newtown in the capital area. The analysis by the generation of newtown shows that variables of age, the amount of space in dwelling, migration distance, and household income are statistically significant. On the other hand, the analysis by the classification of intra- and inter- migration indicates that variables of education, household income and distance from Seoul are significant. In addition these analyses, origin, commuting time and areas, migration reasons along three movements, and the satisfaction of residential areas are explored through case studies. On the basis of the investigation, the study suggests the application of inter- and intra-migration rates for a population projection according to characteristics of newtown, housing quality and livability for an aging society, newtown development phasing in infra structures, and transit oriented community with job-housing balance.

경기도 지역ㆍ도시행정 정책 기조

이외희(Way Lee),이성룡(Seong-Ryong Lee),김제국(Je-Kook Kim),강식(Sik Kang),이상규(Sang-Kyu Lee),장윤배(Yoon-Bae Chang),봉인식(In-Shik Pong),김태경(Tae-Kyung Kim) 경기연구원 2006 경기논단 Vol.8 No.2

The main stream of urban and regional planning in the next five years in Gyeonggi Province may not be very different from the past. These are the deregulation of the capital areas, the development of western coast for the competition of the capital areas, the strategic development of the northern part of Gyeonggi Province in terms of the unification of Korea, and the sustainable development and conservation of eastern Gyeonggi Province for the protection of drinking water. Some other predictable issues for the next five years are residential development with regarding to the planning aspects, the quality of residential areas, housing affordability and the environmental quality in the residential areas released from greenbelt. An upcoming issue is that a plan should be prepared before public institutions are moved according to the development of administration-city. These issues are discussed in the seven sectors in this paper such as the policies of the capital areas, housing, urban planning, and urban design, etc.

The ‘Hot Cross Bun’ Sign is Not Always Multiple System Atrophy: Etiologies of 11 Cases

Christopher Young Way,David Pettersson,Amie Hiller 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2019 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.12 No.1

Objective To clarify the specificity of the ‘hot cross bun’ sign (HCBS) for multiple system atrophy (MSA) in adult cerebellar ataxia or parkinsonism. Methods The radiologic information systems at an academic center and affiliated veterans’ hospital were queried using the keywords ‘hot cross bun,’ ‘pontocerebellar,’ ‘cruciate,’ ‘cruciform,’ ‘MSA,’ ‘multiple system atrophy,’ and ‘multisystem atrophy.’ Scans were reviewed by a neurologist and neuroradiologist to identify the HCBS. Subjects with the HCBS were reviewed by 2 neurologists to identify the most likely etiology of the patient’s neurologic symptoms. Results Eleven cases were identified. Etiologies included MSA (4 probable, 2 possible), hereditary cerebellar ataxia (3/11), probable dementia with Lewy bodies (1/11), and uncertain despite autopsy (1/11). Conclusion MSA was the most common etiology. However, 5 of the 11 patients did not have MSA. The most common alternate etiology was an undefined hereditary cerebellar ataxia (3/11).

The Effect of Regular Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kimberley L. Way,Daniel A. Hackett,Michael K. Baker,Nathan A. Johnson 대한당뇨병학회 2016 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.40 No.4

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of regular exercise training on insulin sensitivity in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the pooled data available from randomised controlled trials. In addition, we sought to determine whether short-term periods of physical inactivity diminish the exercise-induced improvement in insulin sensitivity. Eligible trials included exercise interventions that involved ≥3 exercise sessions, and reported a dynamic measurement of insulin sensitivity. There was a significant pooled effect size (ES) for the effect of exercise on insulin sensitivity (ES, –0.588; 95% confidence interval [CI], –0.816 to –0.359; P<0.001). Of the 14 studies included for meta-analyses, nine studies reported the time of data collection from the last exercise bout. There was a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity in favour of exercise versus control between 48 and 72 hours after exercise (ES, –0.702; 95% CI, –1.392 to –0.012; P=0.046); and this persisted when insulin sensitivity was measured more than 72 hours after the last exercise session (ES, –0.890; 95% CI, –1.675 to –0.105; P=0.026). Regular exercise has a significant benefit on insulin sensitivity in adults with T2DM and this may persist beyond 72 hours after the last exercise session.