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Why is Peace Elusive in Myanmar? An Answer from the Perspective of Thai Philosopher Prawase Wasi
( Tony Waters ),( Somboon Panyakom ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2021 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.9 No.2
We re-evaluate Burmese history from the perspective of Thai philosopher Prawase Wasi who asserts that the basis for society is not simply individuals but the “self-forming group.” He discusses the essential nature of a self-forming group which is embodied in the Thai Buddhist concept of taam, which are sacred virtues emerging from self-organizing groups. In between the taam and self-forming groups are institutions of the state, economy, and education, etc. Prawase Wasi’s approach has been used in Thailand to guide government policies for the last twenty years. In this article, we apply this model to the history of conflict in Burma. We contrast this approach with the more traditional focus on individualism and utilitarianism in western high modernism which typically shapes development policies.
Debra Lynn Waters 대한노인병학회 2019 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.23 No.1
Adipose tissue redistributes during aging resulting in increased intermuscular adipose tis-sue (IMAT), intramuscular, and intramyocellular lipid while subcutaneous fat decreases. IMAT has been associated with lower muscle strength, power, and quality, chronic inflam-mation, impaired glucose tolerance, and elevated total cholesterol in older adults. This review focused on trials investigating the role of age, physical activity and diet on IMAT. The studies agreed that IMAT increases with age and seems to be responsive to physical activity, particularly the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise. However, some reported this could occur with or without weight loss, and some reported that high IMAT at baseline may blunt the muscle quality adaptive response to physical training. Larger and longer trials are needed to differentiate the independent or synergistic effects of re-sistance and/or aerobic training, and obesity and weight loss combined with resistance, aerobic or combination of aerobic and resistance training on IMAT.
HAZARD - RATING SYSTEMS FOR FOREST PESTS
William E . Waters 한국산림과학회 1985 한국산림과학회지 Vol.71 No.1
The term hazard denotes the relative probability of occurrence of pest-caused damage to individual trees and/or forest stands, usually with reference to a specific insect or disease. Hazard ratings generally are based on individual tree, stand, or site factors associated with the frequency and severity of observed damage. Thus, they require a sound and thorough knowledge of pest-host-site relationships expressed quantitatively. Since natural enemies and host resistance also affect probabilities of pest build-up and damage, these factors should be incorporated into hazard rating, insofar ;is possible. Several approaches to the development of ranting systems, and their importance in pest management, are discussed.
Rice, Jerry M.,Waters, Michael D.,Wright, R.Glenn Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2001 Toxicological Research Vol.17 No.-
The IARC Monographs Programme on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has reviewed, summarized and evaluated 869 environmental agents and exposures as oj June 2000. This large collection includes all relevant published epidemiological data on cancer in exposed humans and results of bioassays for carcinogenicity in experimental animals. Since 1986. cancer data have been systematically supplemented by summaries of other toxicological data that are relevant to assessments of carcinogenic hazard. These include summaries qf genetic and related effects of chemicals. which have been prepared as Genetic Activity Profiles (GAP) by the U.S. EPA in collaboration with IARC. As the Mono-graphs have proved increasingly valuable and influential worldwide. they have evolved into an encyclopedia on environmental carcinogenic risks to humans. However. the Monographs have historically been prepared only as printed books with limited distribution. and the Monographs Programme has needed to adjust to expectations oj wider availability. Since 1998 the evaluations and summaries have been globally accessible by Internet from IARC (http://www.iarc.fr) and the GAP profiles by Internet from EPA (http://www.epa.gov/gapdb/). with the two web sites linked. Improved EPN/ARC GAP database and software. GAP2000. now link GAP profiles directly to the appropriate IARC web pages for summaries of evaluations of a given compound and its overall IARC classification. During the year 2000. by means of optical character recognition (OCR) technology the entire series of IARC Monographs is being converted to an electronic version. The first edition is now available commercially in CD-ROM format and will soon become available on-line at <http://www.gmai.com/IARC>.
Utility of aquaporin-4 antibody assay in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Kim, Sung-Min,Waters, Patrick,Woodhall, Mark,Kim, Jee-Young,Kim, Jee-Eun,Yang, Ji Won,Kim, Jun-Soon,Sung, Jung-Joon,Park, Kyung Seok,Lee, Kwang-Woo SAGE Publications 2013 Multiple sclerosis journal: clinical and laborator Vol.19 No.8
<P><B>Objective:</B></P><P>Our aim was to evaluate the utility of aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Ab) in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD).</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>The clinical and radiological characteristics of 78 patients with NMOSD and 22 with multiple sclerosis (MS), who were tested for AQP4-Ab by a cell-based assay, were assessed.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>The mean time interval between symptom onset and development of optic neuritis and myelitis was 39.9 months in neuromyelitis optica (NMO). About 40% of patients with limited NMO would have fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for MS in the absence of the antibody assay results. In patients with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, positive AQP4-Ab assay results were associated with the poor response to acute steroid treatment and asymptomatic visual evoked potential abnormality. Presence of either painful tonic spasm associated with myelitis or severe disability at onset had high specificity and relatively high sensitivity in differentiating NMOSD with AQP4-Ab from MS.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>The AQP4-Ab assay can facilitate the early diagnosis of NMO and prevent limited NMO from being misdiagnosed as MS. It can predict the poor response to first-line acute-phase treatment and probably detect the subclinical optic nerve involvement in subgroups of NMOSD. Lastly, it will contribute to the upcoming revision of the current diagnostic criteria for NMO.</P>