Wang Yuanqi and the orthodoxy of self-reflection in early Qing landscape painting

Wang, Shen University of Pennsylvania 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation explores the life and art of Wang Yuanqi (1642-1715), one of the most influential literati artists of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). As a representative of the so-called "Orthodox Painting School," Wang considered himself the heir to the genuine thousand-year-old tradition of Chinese painting. Throughout his lifetime, he made every effort to establish and consolidate the authority of his school of painting. Since his early years, he had been trained as a traditional Chinese literatus. Under the direct supervision of his grandfather, he practiced landscape paintings in the style of ancient masters, especially that of the Yuan literati painter, Huang Gongwang (1269-1354). However, he was never satisfied with the facsimiles of the old masterpieces. Beyond his models, he created new theories of composition and brushwork; he introduced a new style of light color landscape with unique techniques. Moreover, benefiting from the lenient cultural policies of the Kangxi emperor (r. 1661-1722), he successfully led a movement of canon-formation in artistic circles. The research of this thesis is based on three types of sources: (1) Wang Yuanqi's published writings, (2) his paintings, and (3) publications and manuscripts by Wang's contemporaries. Different from previous scholarship which mainly focuses on the classicism of Wang Yuanqi's work, this dissertation provides a comprehensive study of Wang's life and his circle and investigates the reason and procedure of the rise of the Orthodox Painting School in the early eighteenth century.

Taxonomic Study of Genus Bryoria(Lichenized Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) from the Sino-Himalays : Sino-Himalaya 지역에서의 Bryoria 속 지의류의 분류학적 연구

Wang, Li-Song The Graduate School Sunchon Nation Universty 2006 국내박사

Sino-Himalaya 지역에서 Bryoria 속에 속하는 20종을 기록하여 보고하였다. 그 중에서 Bryoria fastigiata Li S. Wang과 B. flocculosa Li S. Wang를 신종으로 보고하며, B. himalayana var. sorediata Li S. Wang은 새로운 변종으로 보고하며, B. nadvornikiana, B. trichodes subsp. trichodes와 B. tenuis종은 중국에서 최초로 보고하며, B. trichodes subsp. americana와 B. furcellata는 Sino-Himalaya 지역에서 최초로 보고하며, B. asiatica, B. himalayana와 B. poeltii는 신장자치구 지역에서 B. divergescens, B. lactinea, B. nitidula와 B. variabilis는 사천성 지역에서, B. bicolor는 신장과 사천성 지역, B. furcellata는 사천성과 운남성 지역에서 최초로 보고한다. 각 종에 대한 이차대사산물을 분석한 결과, usnic acid와 lobaric acid를 본 속에서 최초로 보고 하였다. 각 종에 대한 분류키와 형태, 서식처 및 분포에 대하여 기술하였다. Twenty taxa of the genus Bryoria were recognized and recorded in the Sino-Himalayas. Among them, Bryoria fastigiata Li S. Wang and B. flocculosa Li S. Wang are new species, B. himalayana var. sorediata Li S. Wang is a new variety; Bryoria nadvornikiana, B. trichodes subsp. trichodes and B. tenuis are new to China; B. trichodes subsp. americana and B. furcellata are new to the Sino-Himalayas; B. asiatica, B. himalayana and B. poeltii are new to Xizang; B. divergescens, B. lactinea, B. nitidula and B. variabilis are new to Sichuan; B. bicolor is new to Sichuan and Xizang; B. furcellata is new to Sichuan and Yunnan. Secondary chemical products were studied for each taxon. Among them, usnic and lobaric acids were first reported in the genus. A key to the species and notes on morphology, habitat and distribution are given. One of specimen was collected from the type locality of B. divergescens (Li-S. Wang 04-23413, in KUN-L), which was selected as an epitype of this species, because of the fragmental nature of the holotype (H-Nyl. 35972).

A Minkowski-type inequality for hypersurfaces in the Reissner-Nordstrom-anti-deSitter manifold

Wang, Zhuhai Columbia University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

We prove a sharp Minkowski-type inequality for hypersurfaces in the n-dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom-Anti-deSitter (AdS) manifold for n ≥ 3. This inequality generalizes the one for hypersurfaces in the uncharged AdS-Schwarzschild manifold proved in [5]. With the Minkowski inequality, we prove a charged Gibbons-Penrose inequality for a large class of (n - 1)-dimensional spacelike surfaces in the Reissner-Nordstrom spacetime. [5] S. Brendle, P. Hung and M. Wang, A Minkowski-type inequality for hypersurfaces in the anti-deSitter-Schwarzschild manifold, To appear in Comm. Pure. Appl. Math.

작곡가 주용(周龍)의 관현악작품 : "대곡(大曲)", "당시사수(唐詩四首)"와 "1911 서곡(序曲)"을 중심으로

WANG YANBING 경희대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내박사

국문초록 작곡가 주용(周龍)의 관현악작품 창작방법과 구성형태 연구 -"대곡(大曲)", "당시사수(唐詩四首)"와 "1911 서곡(序曲)"을 중심으로- 지도교수: 이 우 창 응용예술학과 작곡전공: WANG YANBING 주용(周龍)은 현대 유명한 작가 중의 한 사람이다. 중국작가로서 그의 창작이념 속에는 중국전통문화에 대한 추구가 충분히 체현되었으며, 또한 익숙한 창작기법을 통하여 표현되었다. 독특한 그의 창작 스타일은 중국작곡가로서 국제적으로도 명성을 누리고 있을 뿐만 아니라 새로운 시대의 음악 창작자들 한테도 영향을 주었다. 본 논문에서는 주용의 관현악작품“대곡(大曲)”,“당시사수(唐詩四首)”와 “1911 서곡(序曲)”을 연구대상으로 하여, 고금(古琴) 음악소재를 중심에 놓고, 시의의 음악적 표현을 의지하며, 경극(京劇)예술원소 등 각도, 작품 속 음악 재료, 음색, 음향형태와 구조배치에 대해 다방면에서 작곡기법을 분석하고, 관현악 작품의 음악언어를 탐구한다. 또한 이를 통하여 작품 속 중국전통문화의 표현에 대해서도 분석한다. 논문은 서론, 본론, 결론 세 부분으로 나누어진다. 서론부분에서는 작곡가 주용의 국제적 영향력, 주요 창작성과 관현악 작품 “대곡”, “당시사수”, “1911 서곡”의 창작배경, 연구목적 및 의의, 연구방법과 현재 상황 등의 방면에 대한 내용을 소개한다. 본론부분에서는 상술한 몇몇 관현악작품의 음악 언어에 대해 해부하고 분석하며, 작품음악재료의 출처와 작품 중의 표현형식을 탐구하고, 작품 중 고금음악표현과 시적 정취 표현의 음색, 음향형태, 음향조형의 표현을 분석함과 동시에 전체적 음향의 영향력을 분석하면서 음높이, 구조 속에서 나타나는 전통적 음악원소의 운용 및 크로스오버 문화의 융합과 심미 경향을 귀납한다. 결론부분은 주용의 관현악작품에 대한 심층분석연구 후의 총괄이다. Abstract A Study of the Composing Skill and Score Structure in Zhou Long's Orchestral Music -- Centred on ‘Daqu’, ‘Four Tang Poems’, and ‘1911 Overture’ Supervised by Prof. Woo-Chang Lee Yanbing Wang Major in Composition Graduate School of Applied Arts Department Zhou Long is one of the most distinguished contemporary composers. As a Chinese composer, Zhou embodies the pursuit of Chinese traditional culture in his composing concept, and expresses it through his exquisite composing skills. The unique composing style makes Zhou world-famous as a Chinese composer, which has inspired a new generation of music composers. This dissertation takes Zhou Long’s orchestral works Daqu, Four Tang Poems and 1911 Overture as the research objects, analyzes the composing skills like music material, timbre, sound pattern, pitch organization and structure arrangement from the perspectives of Guqin music material, poetic music performance and the Peking Opera art elements, probes into the music language of the orchestral works, and on this basis, discusses the performance of Chinese traditional culture in the works above. The dissertation is composed of three parts: introduction, main part and conclusion. Chapter one is a brief introduction to Zhou Long’s international influence, his main achievements, the composing background of his orchestral works – Daqu, Four Tang Poems and 1911 Overture, the research objectives, methods and the research background. In the main part, the author firstly analyzes the music language, music material sources and their representation forms in Zhou’s orchestral works, are explored by analyzing the music language of his orchestral works; secondly analyzes the timbre, the sound form and sound modelling involved in the Guqin music and poetry representation in his works and their influence in the overall sound tension; and thirdly analyzes the use of traditional music elements in the pitch and structure in Zhou’s works, and summarizes the cross-cultural fusion and aesthetic orientation. The last chapter is Conclusion, which is a summary of Zhou Long’s orchestral works on the basis of deep analysis above. Zhou Long is famous contemporary composer living in America. The composing skills and music thought in his orchestral works – Daqu, Four Tang Poems and 1911 Overture exhibits the excellence of the fusion of contemporary Chinese and western arts. The most outstanding of all in his works is the use, quotation, assimilation and absorbing of traditional Chinese music elements, and this is used to set off the musical imagery, and thus, to realize the virtual clashing and fusion of Chinese and western culture, and traditional and contemporary culture. As for the imagery presented, the composer makes a deep analysis of the Chinese traditional poetry and use the imagery in it into the musical composing process; as for the orchestra compilation, it is not merely a simple mixture of the full use of Chinese and western musical instruments; as for the composing skills, the composer absorbs the music material form the traditional folk, and connects it with the western modern music composing skills, and makes any single sound with the cavity features, and thus the treated sound may drift between sound image and meaning imagery, which exhibits a strong Chinese traditional music feature. Then, it comes to the change of instrumental performance by introducing western tablature, which means to use the western stringed instruments to simulate Chinese national musical instruments, and to make the music to present traditional Chinese charm. As for the score structures, the composer uses the principle of structural variable speed in traditional music composing to organize the structure in his own works, and makes appropriate adaptations on the basis, and makes a blending of the western music composing principles of juxtaposition, convolution, and representation so as to better fit the development of the musical contents. Zhou Long has accumulated a great number of musical works during his lifetime with a wide range of styles. Each of his works exhibits its unique artistic charm. However, what remains to be interlinked is the artistic concept behind his composing, which presents Zhou Long’s heartfelt salute to the traditional music culture and even to the traditional Chinese culture.

Influence of silicate modified expansion agent on engineering performance of ultra-high-strength concrete

Wang, Yi-Sheng 강원대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

At an early age, ultra-high-strength concrete (UHSC) exhibits a large autogenous shrinkage, which easily leads to matrix shrinkage and cracking. This poses a significant threat to the service life of a building structure. In this study, the effects of silicate modified expansive agents (SMEAs) on the engineering performance of UHSC were systematically investigated. The compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and surface resistivity were determined. Moreover, Heat of hydration, TG, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and other microscopic analyses were used to characterize the chemical composition of the UHSC. It can be seen from the test results that the compressive strength of UHSC tends to decrease with the increase of SMEA addition. The results of TG, X-ray diffraction, and other microscopic analyses indicated that the main composition of the UHSC was a mixture of calcium (aluminate) silicate hydrate, calcium hydroxide, and ettringite.

Attack Resilient Pulse Based Synchronization

Wang, Zhenqian ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Clemson University 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

Synchronization of pulse-coupled oscillators (PCOs) has gained significant attention recently due to increased applications in sensor networks and wireless communications. However, most existing results are obtained in the absence of malicious attacks. Given the distributed and unattended nature of wireless sensor networks, it is imperative to enhance the resilience of pulse-based synchronization against malicious attacks. To achieve this goal, we first show that by using a carefully designed phase response function (PRF), pulse-based synchronization of PCOs can be guaranteed despite the presence of a stealthy Byzantine attacker, even when legitimate PCOs have different initial phases. Next, we propose a new pulse-based synchronization mechanism to improve the resilience of pulse-based synchronization to multiple stealthy Byzantine attackers. We rigorously characterize the condition for mounting stealthy Byzantine attacks under the proposed new pulse-based synchronization mechanism and prove analytically that synchronization of legitimate oscillators can be achieved even when their initial phases are unrestricted, i.e., randomly distributed in the entire oscillation period. Since most existing results on resilient pulse-based synchronization are obtained only for all-to-all networks, we also propose a new pulse-based synchronization mechanism to improve the resilience of pulse-based synchronization that is applicable under general connected topologies. Under the proposed synchronization mechanism, we prove that synchronization of general connected legitimate PCOs can be guaranteed in the presence of multiple stealthy Byzantine attackers, irrespective of whether the attackers collude with each other or not. The new mechanism can guarantee resilient synchronization even when the initial phases of legitimate oscillators are distributed in a half circle. Then, to relax the limitation of the stealthy attacker model and the constraint on the legitimate oscillators' initial phase distribution, we improved our synchronization mechanism and proved that finite time synchronization of legitimate oscillators can be guaranteed in the presence of multiple Byzantine attackers who can emit attack pulses arbitrarily without any constraint except that practical bit rate constraint renders the number of pulses from an attacker to be finite. The improved mechanism can guarantee synchronization even when the initial phases of all legitimate oscillators are arbitrarily distributed in the entire oscillation period. The new attack resilient pulse-based synchronization approaches in this dissertation are in distinct difference from most existing attack-resilient synchronization algorithms (including the seminal paper from Lamport and Melliar-Smith [1]) which require a priori (almost) synchronization among all legitimate nodes. Numerical simulations are given to confirm the theoretical results.

A Spacetime Alexandrov Theorem

Wang, Ye-Kai Columbia University ProQuest Dissertations & These 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

Let Sigma be an embedded spacelike codimension-2 submanifold in a spherically symmetric spacetime satisfying null convergence condition. Suppose Sigma has constant null mean curvature and zero torsion. We prove that Sigma must lie in a standard null cone. This generalizes the classical Alexandrov theorem which classifies embedded constant mean curvature hypersurfaces in Euclidean space. The proof follows the idea of Ros and Brendle. We first derive a spacetime Minkowski formula for spacelike codimension-2 submanifolds using conformal Killing-Yano 2-forms. The Minkowski formula is then combined with a Heintze-Karcher type geometric inequality to prove the main theorem. We also obtain several rigidity results for codimension-2 submanifolds in spherically symmetric spacetimes.

Statistical Modeling for Cellular Heterogeneity Problems in Cancer Research: Deconvolution, Gaussian Graphical Models and Logistic Regression

Wang, Zeya ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Rice University 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

Tumor tissue samples comprise a mixture of cancerous and surrounding normal cells. Investigating cellular heterogeneity in tumors is crucial to genomic analyses associated with cancer prognosis and treatment decisions, where the contamination of non-cancerous cells may substantially affect gene expression profiling in clinically derived malignant tumor samples. For this purpose, we first computationally purify tumor profiles, and then develop new statistical modeling techniques to incorporate tumor purity estimates for genetic correlation and prediction of clinical outcome in cancer research. In this thesis, we propose novel approaches to analyzing and modeling cellular heterogeneity problems using genomic data from three perspectives. First, we develop a computation tool, DeMixT, which applies a deconvolution algorithm to explicitly account for at most three cellular components associated with cancer. Compared with the experimental approach to isolate single cells, in silico dissection of tumor samples is faster and cheaper, but computational tools previously developed have limited ability to estimate cellular proportions and tumor-specific expression profiles, when neither is given with prior information. Our model al- lows inclusion of the infiltrating immune cells as a component as well as the tumor cells and stromal cells. We assume a linear mixture of gene expression profiles for each component satisfying a log2-normal distribution and propose an iterated conditional modes algorithm to estimate parameters. We also involve a novel two-stage estimation procedure for the three-component deconvolution. Our method is computationally feasible and yields accurate estimates through simulations and real data analyses. The estimated cellular proportions and purified expression profiles can pro- vide deeper insight for cancer biomarker studies. Second, we propose a novel edge regression model for undirected graphs, which incorporates subject-level covariates to estimate the conditional dependencies. Current work for constructing graphical models for multivariate data does not take into account the subject specific information, which can bias the conditional independence structure in heterogeneous data. Especially for tumor samples with inherent contamination from normal cells, ignoring the cellular heterogeneity and modeling the population-level genomic graphs may inhibit the discovery of the true tumor graph, which would be attenuated towards the normal graph. Our model allows undirected networks to vary with the exogenous covariates and is able to borrow strength from different related graphs for estimating more robust covariate-specific graphs. Bayesian shrinkage algorithms are presented to efficiently estimate and induce sparsity for generating subject-level graphs. We demonstrate the good performance of our method through simulation studies and apply our method to cytokine measurements from blood plasma samples from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and normal controls. Third, we build a model with respect to logistic regression that includes tumor purity as a scaling factor to improve model robustness for the purpose of both estimation and prediction. Penalized logistic regression is used to identify variables (genes) and predict clinical status with binary outcomes that are associated with cancers in high-dimensional genomic data. We aim to reduce the uncertainty introduced by cellular heterogeneity through incorporating the measure of tumor purity to quantify the power of data for each sample. We provide strategies of choosing scaling parameters. Our model is finally shown to work well through a set of simulation studies. We believe that the statistical modeling, technical pipelines and computational results included in our work will serve as a first guide for the development of statistical methods accounting for cellular heterogeneity in cancer research.

Translational Regulation Medicated by lncRNA Miat in Cardiac Hypertrophy

Wang, He ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Cali 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

Elevated protein synthesis is a fundamental mechanism contributing to a growing heart, during which both translation efficiency and capacity are enhanced. Translation efficiency focus on existing ribosomes in the cytosol, involving how signaling pathways regulate translation initiation, elongation, termination and ribosome recycling to affect translation in a cell. In the cardiomyocytes, mRNA of MHC loading to the polysomes, phosphorylation of ribosomal protein, S6, or of the peptide chain initiation factor, elF-4E by mTOR are well-characterized mechanisms of translation efficiency regulation. While little of translation capacity, or ribosome biogenesis in the heart has been explored. In the heart, ribosome biogenesis is vital in rapid growth conditions such as cardiac development, hypertrophy and pulmonary artery stenosis. The left ventricular weight increases 82% in 4 days following birth in the newborn pig serves as a good example illustrating that regulation of translation efficiency only cannot meet the demand of elevated protein synthesis.Biogenesis of ribosomes, the only and universal translation machinery in the cell, is a tremendous work. All three RNA polymerases, estimated 70% of mature ribosomes and more than 200 assembly factors are devoted in this tightly controlled process. It starts from rDNA transcription, the pre-ribosomal RNA 45S/47S is synthesized by Pol I, followed by ribosomal RNA processing in the nucleoli, carried out by ~150 exonucleases, processing factors and ribosomal subunit assembly factors. The rRNA stands as a scaffold to be decorated by ribosomal proteins, then exported into the cytosol as the 40S and 60S subunits. In the heart, regulation of this assembly chain is largely dark as only few studies examined the rDNA transcription level.In the thesis, we identified a long non-coding RNA Miat is associated with cardiac hypertrophy from an unbiased approach and analyzed the transcriptional change in the pressure overload mouse model to discover that Miat regulates the ribosomal genes and ribosome assembly associated genes. To confirm its impact on translation, we found that Miat is required for increased protein synthesis in cardiomyocytes. More remarkably, lack of Miat showed protective effect to the heart in multiple stress-induced cardiac growth models. Mechanistically, we found that Miat binds to nucleolin (NCL) via conserved binding motifs, and such binding is vital for ribosome biogenesis. NCL is a protein required for rDNA transcription and functions as the early processor of 45S/47S rRNA, however, how NCL mediates 45S/47S rRNA processing in the nucleoli region remained unknown. We found that Miat-NCL binding is vital for rRNA processing, nucleoli formation and ribosome biogenesis in the cardiomyocytes. Therefore, our study provided one of the first detailed examples of how ribosome biogenesis is regulated in the heart and how alteration of translation capacity affects cardiac function in pathological growth.

Grid Multi-classification Adaptive Classification Testing with Multidimensional Polytomous Items

Wang, Zhuoran ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Minn 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

The adaptive classification testing (ACT) is a form of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) which is developed to efficiently classify examinees into multiple groups based on predetermined classification cutoff points. All existing multidimensional ACT studies handled multidimensional classifications in a unidimensional space by performing classification on a composite of multiple traits. However, classification along separate dimensions is sometimes preferred because it provides clearer information regarding a person's relative standing along each dimension. This type of classification is referred to as grid classification, as each examinee is classified into one of the grids encircled by cutoff scores (lines/surfaces) on different dimensions. Complications arise when there is more than one cutoff along each dimension. In order to perform grid classification using ACT, two termination criteria, sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) and confidence interval (CI) were adopted from one-dimensional classification in the between-item multidimensional test. In addition, two new termination criteria for grid multiclassification ACT were developed, namely, the grid classification generalized likelihood ratio (GGLR) and the simplified generalized likelihood ratio (SGLR). Two item selection methods, D-optimal and multidimensional mutual information (MMI) were borrowed from measurement CAT. A new item selection method, i.e., the posterior weighted D-optimal on cutoff points (PWCD-optimal), was also proposed. Three simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of ACT in multidimensional grid classification. Results show ACT resulted in up to 20% shorter ATLs than the measurement CAT-based two-step approach, thus is more efficient in grid multiclassification. Specifically, SPRT and CI outperformed the two new termination criteria (GGLR and SGLR), and D-optimal and PWCD-optimal outperformed MMI based on the normally distributed population. Meanwhile, the classification was harder when examinees were closer to the cutoff scores. PWCD-optimal and D-optimal lead to stable test length and classification accuracy. As SPRT and CI resulted in lower classification accuracy for examinees that are close to the cutoff points thus are hard to be classified, the overall high efficiency of SPRT and CI in study 1 can be largely attributed to the large proportion of examinees that are far from the cutoff points in the normally distributed population.