Presenting a new defamilization and familization framework for investigating the residualization of old‐age income security measures—The case study of Hong Kong

Yu Sam Wai Kam,Chau Ruby Chui Man,정민아 한국사회복지학회 2020 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.14 No.1

Familization and defamilization studies are increasingly seen as an important component of welfare research. They are concerned with the threats to the welfare of individuals caused by involuntary participation in the unwanted family relationship. Moreover, they address the idea that governments have the potential to reduce these threats through the provision of welfare measures. This article contributes to the familization and defamilizaion studies with the focus on the link between these studies and the studies of residualization strategies. It carries out three analytical tasks. The first is to present a new defamilization and familization framework. The second is to demonstrate the usefulness of this framework in analyzing the problem of employing the residualization strategies to reform the old-age income security system. Our focus is particularly on the insufficient sensitivity of these strategies to women's (and men's) diverse preferences relating to ways of organizing their family life. The third is to demonstrate the empirical significance of this framework. To meet this objective, we apply the framework to the investigation of two old-age income security measures in Hong Kong—the Mandatory Provident Fund and the Comprehensive Social Security Assistance scheme.

Extended use of Prostate Health Index and percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen in Chinese men with prostate specific antigen 10–20 ng/mL and normal digital rectal examination

Peter Ka-Fung Chiu,Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh,Wai-Man Lee,Chi-Hang Yee,Eddie Shu-Yin Chan,See-Ming Hou,Chi-Fai Ng 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.5

Purpose: We investigated the extended use of Prostate Health Index (PHI) and percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen (%p2PSA) in Chinese men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 10–20 ng/mL and normal digital rectal examination (DRE). Materials and Methods: All consecutive Chinese men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE who agreed for transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided 10-core prostate biopsy were recruited. Blood samples were taken immediately before TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. The performances of total PSA (tPSA), %free-to-total PSA (%fPSA), %p2PSA, and PHI were compared using logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic, and decision curve analyses (DCA). Results: From 2008 to 2015, 312 consecutive Chinese men were included. Among them, 53 out of 312 (17.0%) men were diagnosed to have prostate cancer on biopsy. The proportions of men with positive biopsies were 6.7% in PHI<35, 22.8% in PHI 35–55, and 54.5% in PHI>55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). The area under curves (AUC) of the base model including age, tPSA and status of initial/repeated biopsy was 0.64. Adding %p2PSA and PHI to the base model improved the AUC to 0.79 (p<0.001) and 0.78 (p<0.001), respectively, and provided net clinical benefit in DCA. The positive biopsy rates of Gleason 7 or above prostate cancers were 2.2% for PHI<35, 7.9% for PHI 35–55, and 36.4% for PHI>55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). By utilizing the PHI cutoff of 35 to men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE, 57.1% (178 of 312) biopsies could be avoided. Conclusions: Both PHI and %p2PSA performed well in predicting prostate cancer and high grade prostate cancer. The use of PHI and %p2PSA should be extended to Chinese men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE.

Four Representative Applications of the Energy Shaping Method for Controlled Lagrangian Systems

Wai Man Ng,Dong Eui Chang,Seong-Ho Song 대한전기학회 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.6

We provide a step-by-step, easy-to-follow procedure for the method of controlled Lagrangian systems. We apply this procedure to solve the energy shaping problem for four benchmark examples: the inertial wheel pendulum, an inverted pendulum on a cart, the system of ball and beam and the Furuta pendulum.

電子學習對香港小學生書寫漢字的影響

( Wai Yi Chou ),( Chun Man Sin ),( Wai Ip Lam ),( King Ping Chan ),( Ka Man Ma ) 한국한자한문교육학회 2014 漢字 漢文敎育 Vol.33 No.-

홍콩 교육당국은 90년대부터 적극적으로 정보통신기술을 이용한 학습을 추진 하였다. 그러나 전자학습이 소학교 학생들의 연필을 잡고 한자를 쓰는데 있어 어떤 영향을 미칠 것인가에 대해서는 여전히 많은 논쟁이 있다. 전자교재를 교육의 보조도구로 활용하는 방안은 이미 20년을 넘도록 추진되고 있으나, 오직 학자들만이 가끔씩 이 변화가 가져오는 이익과 손해에 대해서 관심을 가지고 있을 뿐이다. 본 연구는 두 개의 소학교에 있는 네 개 반의 5학년 학생 80명을 연구 대상으로 삼아, 녹화와 분석을 통해 학생들의 한자쓰기를 상하구조, 좌우구조, 전포위구조, 반포위구조 등으로 분류하고, 계량화하였다. 이 때 비교실험군(전자학습반)과 통제군(전통학습반)으로 나누고 학생들의 한자 쓰기 필순의 습관과 틀리게 쓰는 상황이 각기 다르게 나타는 상황과 한자 쓰기 퀴즈와 면담의 내용 까지도 실험 내용에 포함시켰다. 연구를 통해 우리는 대조군과 실험군에서 암묵적으로 사용하는 한자쓰기와 필순에 별다른 차이가 없음을 발견하였다. 하지만 실험조의 낮은 수준의 학생들은 암묵적 쓰기에 있어서 대조군의 낮은 수준의 학생에 비해 현격하게 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 교사 심층 면담을 통해 전자학습이 학생들의 한자 쓰기에 부정적 영향을 미치고 있으며, 합리적인 하자교육의 운용과 평가, 학교 공부를 통해 이를 감소시키거나 없앨 수 있음을 알았다. 바대로 얘기하자면 보조적인 교수 학습 전략이 부족하다면 낮은 수준의 학생들은 한자를 학습하는데 부정적인 영향이 계속 될 가능성이 있으며, 학습에 부담을 증가시킬 수 있다는 것이다. 때문에 교사는 전자학습의 보조적인 전략을 운영할 때에도 많은 주의를 기울여야 한다. The Hong Kong Education Bureau has been actively promoting e-learning since the 90s. However, it is still debatable whether the use of electronic media for learning is of negative influence to primary students` handwriting for Chinese characters. Ever since the adoption of e-learning, few scholars have paid ample and close attention to the pros and cons derived from the change. This research is based on four classes of 80 primary five students in total as subjects, through video recording and analysis of the performance of students` handwriting specifically by approaches such as evaluation of top-bottom, left-right and whole-surrounded, semi-surrounded structure of Chinese characters. To measure and compare between the experimental group (learning Chinese characters through electronic materials) and the control group (learning Chinese characters through traditional materials), handwriting of Chinese characters including order of strokes and seriousness of characters mistakes, were studied to see the difference. The research data includes the interviews of the teachers and the results of the Chinese characters writing test. The findings of this research, generally speaking, is that the experimental group has no significant difference in dictation ability and stroke order compared to the control group. However, low-achieving students in the experimental group are found to have lower dictation abilities than that of the control group. The teachers interview show that if the strategies, assessments and assignments of the teaching of literacy are well coordinated, the negative effect of e-learning on writing Chinese characters may be diminished or even eliminated. On the contrary, the insufficiency of corresponding strategies and the subsequent workloads may cause negative effect of learning Chinese character for low-achieving students. Therefore, teachers have to be careful while using corresponding strategies for teaching Chinese characters.

Political Change and the Women’s Movementin Hong Kong and Macau

Wai-man LAM,Irene L. K. TONG 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2006 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.12 No.1

During the colonial era, women’s movements in Hong Kong and Macau differed substantially in nature, agenda, organization and strategies. Their divergence was mainly attributable to the different political opportunity structures offered by the British and the Portuguese colonial administrations at different points of time. Partial democratization in Hong Kong in the late transition period nurtured a rather vocal feminist movement which was not so in Macau during the same period. However, when Hong Kong and Macau became Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of China in 1997 and 1999 respectively, similar obstacles emerged before them. Though still substantially different in their levels of feminist con- sciousness, women’s movements in both places have been increas- ingly constrained by the development of a crude nationalistic dis- course that emphasizes unity and stability, and political structures that do not share power with civil society and respond selectively to social demands.

Hypoalbuminemia and obesity class II are reliable predictors of peri-prosthetic joint infection in patient undergoing elective total knee arthroplasty

Man Sheryl Lok-Chi,Chau Wai-Wang,Chung Kwong-Yin,Ho Kevin Ki Wai 대한슬관절학회 2020 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.32 No.-

Background: Malnutrition is a common and modifiable risk factor for postoperative complications and adverse outcomes in orthopedics. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers of malnutrition in patients undergoing elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that are predictive of adverse in-hospital postoperative complications, to facilitate the identification of at-risk patients for nutritional optimization before surgery. Methods: A total of 624 patients who underwent elective TKA between 2013 and 2017 were evaluated; potential biomarkers of preoperative malnutrition, including hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL), total lymphocyte count (TLC < 1500 cells/mm3), and body mass index (BMI), were assessed for any association with in-hospital postoperative complications. Results: The prevalence of hypoalbuminemia, low TLC, overweight, obesity class I, and obesity class II were, respectively 2.72%, 33.4%, 14.8%, 44.5%, and 26.9%. There was a significant association between hypoalbuminemia and obesity class II (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) with rates of peri-prosthetic joint infection, and no significant association between such complications and low TLC, overweight, or obesity class I. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with hypoalbuminemia or being in obesity class II with gouty arthritis were more likely to suffer from periprosthetic joint infection. Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia and obesity class II together is a reliable biomarker of preoperative malnutrition for predicting peri-prosthetic joint infection after elective TKA, whereas low TLC, overweight, and obesity class I were not significantly associated with an increased risk of such complications.

Political Change and the Women's Movement in Hong Kong and Macau

LAM, Wai-man Ewha Womans University Press 2006 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.12 No.1

During the colonial era, women's movements in Hong Kong and Macau differed substantially in nature, agenda, organization and strategies. Their divergence was mainly attributable to the different political opportunity structures offered by the British and the Portuguese colonial administrations at different points of time. Partial democratization in Hong Kong in the late transition period nurtured a rather vocal feminist movement which was not so in Macau during the same Administrative Regions (SARs) of China in 1997 and 1999 respectively, similar obstacles emerged before consciousness, women's movements in both places have been increasingly constrained by the development of a crude nationalistic discourse that emphasizes unity and stability, and political structures that do not share power with civil society and respond selectively to social demands.

Origins of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Wong, Wai-Man,Wright, Nicholas A,Lam, Shiu-Kum Medical Publications Korea 2002 Medical Progress Vol.24 No.6

Four Representative Applications of the Energy Shaping Method for Controlled Lagrangian Systems

Ng, Wai Man,Chang, Dong Eui,Song, Seong-Ho The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.6

We provide a step-by-step, easy-to-follow procedure for the method of controlled Lagrangian systems. We apply this procedure to solve the energy shaping problem for four benchmark examples: the inertial wheel pendulum, an inverted pendulum on a cart, the system of ball and beam and the Furuta pendulum.

Gaidong in Hong Kong: The Ecology of Commercial Chinese Instrumental Music Performance

Lung Man Wai,Mavis 아시아음악학회 2006 Asian Musicology Vol.9 No.-

Gaidong (lit. vending booth on the street, Jiedang in Mandarin) is a Cantonese expression commonly used by performers of Chinese musical instruments in Hong Kong since the 1990s to describe paid musical activities in hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, and public housing estates. The making of gaidong requires four groups of people-service seekers, audience, agent, musician-and three other components: venue, performance, and the environment. Every component of gaidong is interrelated with one another and changes in one will influence the others. In this essay, I adapt a model proposed by Daniel M. Neuman to understand the dynamics of gaidong in ecological terms. Having participated in more than twenty gaidong a year for eleven years, in some cases also bearing the dual role of performer and agent-musician, has allowed me to obtain a substantial amount of first-hand information on this performance context. I will illustrate my model with two case studies which will also show the two major changes going on in the current situation: (1) an increasing demand for performing the latest local popular songs, and (2) increasing requests for all-female groups due to the influence of the Twelve Girls Band (a popularized Chinese traditional music band from Mainland China). I will in turn discuss the influences of these changes on the mindset of the musicians.