Contribution of avoidance and tolerance strategies towards salinity stress resistance in eight C3 turfgrass species

Wagdi Saber Soliman,Shu-ichi Sugiyama,Ahmed M. Abbas 한국원예학회 2018 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.59 No.1

Salinity is a potential environmental stress factor for plants. Improving plant growth under salinity stress requires an understandingof resistance mechanisms. Salinity stress resistance is related to both salinity avoidance and tolerance. In this study,interspecific differences in salinity stress resistance, avoidance, and tolerance were examined in eight C3turfgrass species,namely Agrostis alba, Agrostis tenius, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense,and Poa pratensis. In a greenhouse experiment, plants were exposed to 50, 100, or 200 mM NaCl for 2 weeks supplied via ahydroponics system. We found that interspecific differences in salinity stress resistance were associated mainly with salinitytolerance. Salinity avoidance mechanisms also contributed significantly to stress resistance. The contribution of genotypetowards interspecific variation in salinity resistance and tolerance was higher than that of Na+concentration. Salinity stresshad negative effects on shoot dry mass, water status, and membrane stability. Relative water content was significantly correlatedwith salinity resistance, avoidance, and tolerance, whereas no significant correlation was observed for ion leakage. Mineral contents showed no clear contribution to salinity tolerance. Species varied in their proline content even in controlconditions, and there was a positive association between proline content and salinity resistance and tolerance, but a negativeassociation between proline content and salinity avoidance. F. ovina and P. pratense displayed the highest and lowest salinitystress resistance, respectively. The results of this study suggest that both salinity tolerance and avoidance mechanismscontribute towards salinity resistance, and that variation in salinity stress resistance among species is attributed to differencesin proline content.

A FRONTIER OF PARALLEL CFD

Wagdi G. Habashi 한국전산유체공학회 2010 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.5

Design and Synthesis of Novel 1,4-Benzodiazepine Derivatives and Their Biological Evaluation as Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Lamia Wagdy Mohamed,Mohamed F. El-yamany 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.8

A new series of 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione structurally related to cyclopenin has been synthesized. The new compounds were assayed in vivo and in vitro for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme and were found to have potent reversible anticholinesterase activity when tested in vitro for isolated frog rectus abdominis and guinea pig ileum in addition to increasing brain cholinesterase level in rats when percentage inhibition were tested in vivo, moreover compounds 5a, 5b, 5c and 5g were the most active. LD50 was performed for these derivatives and they displayed high safety margin.

CFD-FSI simulation of vortex-induced vibrations of a circular cylinder with low mass-damping

Amir Borna,Wagdi G. Habashi,Ghyslaine McClure,Siva K. Nadarajah 한국풍공학회 2013 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.16 No.5

A computational study of vortex-induced transverse vibrations of a cylinder with low mass-damping is presented. An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation of the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (URANS), along with the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) one-equation turbulence model, are coupled conservatively with rigid body motion equations of the cylinder mounted on elastic supports in order to study the amplitude and frequency response of a freely vibrating cylinder, its flow-induced motion, Vortex Street, near-wake flow structure, and unsteady loading in a moderate range of Reynolds numbers. The time accurate response of the cylinder from rest to its limit cycle is studied to explore the effects of Reynolds number on the start of large displacements, motion amplitude, and frequency. The computational results are compared with published physical experiments and numerical studies. The maximum amplitudes of displacements computed for various Reynolds numbers are smaller than the experimental values; however, the overall agreement of the results is quite satisfactory, and the upper branch of the limit-cycle displacement amplitude vs. reduced velocity response is captured, a feature that was missed by other studies. Vortex shedding modes, lock-in phenomena, frequency response, and phase angles are also in agreement with experiments.

CFD-FSI simulation of vortex-induced vibrations of a circular cylinder with low mass-damping

Borna, Amir,Habashi, Wagdi G.,McClure, Ghyslaine,Nadarajah, Siva K. Techno-Press 2013 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.16 No.5

A computational study of vortex-induced transverse vibrations of a cylinder with low mass-damping is presented. An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation of the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (URANS), along with the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) one-equation turbulence model, are coupled conservatively with rigid body motion equations of the cylinder mounted on elastic supports in order to study the amplitude and frequency response of a freely vibrating cylinder, its flow-induced motion, Vortex Street, near-wake flow structure, and unsteady loading in a moderate range of Reynolds numbers. The time accurate response of the cylinder from rest to its limit cycle is studied to explore the effects of Reynolds number on the start of large displacements, motion amplitude, and frequency. The computational results are compared with published physical experiments and numerical studies. The maximum amplitudes of displacements computed for various Reynolds numbers are smaller than the experimental values; however, the overall agreement of the results is quite satisfactory, and the upper branch of the limit-cycle displacement amplitude vs. reduced velocity response is captured, a feature that was missed by other studies. Vortex shedding modes, lock-in phenomena, frequency response, and phase angles are also in agreement with experiments.

Improved binary gaining–sharing knowledge-based algorithm with mutation for fault section location in distribution networks

Xiong Guojiang,Yuan Xufeng,Mohamed Ali Wagdy,Chen Jun,Zhang Jing 한국CDE학회 2022 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.9 No.2

Fault section location (FSL) plays a critical role in shortening blackout time and restoring power supply for distribution networks. This paper converts the FSL task into a binary optimization problem using the feeder terminal unit (FTU) information. The discrepancy between the reported overcurrent alarms and the expected overcurrent states of the FTUs is adopted as the objective function. It is a typical 0–1 combinatorial optimization problem with many local optima. An improved binary gaining–sharing knowledge-based algorithm (IBGSK) with mutation is proposed to effectively solve this challenging binary optimization problem. Since the original GSK cannot be applied in binary search space directly, and it is easy to get stuck in local optima, IBGSK encodes the individuals as binary vectors instead of real vectors. Moreover, an improved junior gaining and sharing phase and an improved senior gaining and sharing phase are designed to update individuals directly in binary search space. Furthermore, a binary mutation operator is presented and integrated into IBGSK to enhance its global search ability. The proposed algorithm is applied to two test systems, i.e. the IEEE 33-bus distribution network and the USA PG&E 69-bus distribution network. Simulation results indicate that IBGSK outperforms the other 12 advanced algorithms and the original GSK in solution quality, robustness, convergence speed, and statistics. It equilibrates the global search ability and the local search ability effectively. It can diagnose different fault scenarios with 100% and 99% success rates for these two test systems, respectively. Besides, the effect of mutation probability on IBGSK is also investigated, and the result suggests a moderate value. Overall, simulation results demonstrate that IBGSK shows highly promising potential for the FSL problem of distribution networks.

Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Portal Vein Thrombus in the Diagnosis and Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Dina Eskandere,Hazem Hakim,Magdy Attwa,Wagdi Elkashef,Ahmed Youssef Altonbary 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.5

Background/Aims: Malignant portal vein thrombus (PVT) is found in up to 44% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The nature of the thrombus influences treatment selection. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of endoscopicultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in determining the nature of PVT in liver cirrhosis and/or HCC. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 34 patients with liver cirrhosis and/or HCC with PVT. Under EUS guidance, PVTwas punctured using a 22 G FNA needle (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA) followed by monitoring of the puncture tract usingcolor Doppler. Patients were followed for adverse events 2 hours after recovery. Results: Throughout the 30-month study period, 34 patients, including 24 males with a mean age of 59±8 years, were enrolled. There were 8 patients with known HCC and 26 with no liver masses detected by computed tomography (CT). EUS-FNA from PVTwas positive for malignancy in 3 patients (8.8%), of which only 1 patient was diagnosed with HCC by CT and 2 patients were newlydiagnosed with HCC after EUS-FNA. No major complications were reported. Conclusions: EUS-FNA is a safe and effective technique for determining the nature of PVT that does not fulfill the malignant criteriavia imaging studies in patients with liver cirrhosis and/or HCC.

Multiscale finite element method applied to detached-eddy simulation for computational wind engineering

Yue Zhang,Rooh A. Khurram,Wagdi G. Habashi 한국풍공학회 2013 한국풍공학회지 Vol.17 No.1

A multiscale finite element method is applied to the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model based detached-eddy simulation (DES). The multiscale arises from a decomposition of the scalar field into coarse (resolved) and fine (unresolved) scales. It corrects the lack of stability of the standard Galerkin formulation by modeling the scales that cannot be resolved by a given spatial discretization. The stabilization terms appear naturally and the resulting formulation provides effective stabilization in turbulent computations, where reaction-dominated effects strongly influence near-wall predictions. The multiscale DES is applied in the context of high-Reynolds flow over the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Council (CAARC) standard tall building model, for both uniform and turbulent inflows. Time-averaged pressure coefficients on the exterior walls are compared with experiments and it is demonstrated that DES is able to resolve the turbulent features of the flow and accurately predict the surface pressure distributions under atmospheric boundary layer flows.

Multiscale finite element method applied to detached-eddy simulation for computational wind engineering

Zhang, Yue,Khurram, Rooh A.,Habashi, Wagdi G. Techno-Press 2013 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.17 No.1

A multiscale finite element method is applied to the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model based detached-eddy simulation (DES). The multiscale arises from a decomposition of the scalar field into coarse (resolved) and fine (unresolved) scales. It corrects the lack of stability of the standard Galerkin formulation by modeling the scales that cannot be resolved by a given spatial discretization. The stabilization terms appear naturally and the resulting formulation provides effective stabilization in turbulent computations, where reaction-dominated effects strongly influence near-wall predictions. The multiscale DES is applied in the context of high-Reynolds flow over the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Council (CAARC) standard tall building model, for both uniform and turbulent inflows. Time-averaged pressure coefficients on the exterior walls are compared with experiments and it is demonstrated that DES is able to resolve the turbulent features of the flow and accurately predict the surface pressure distributions under atmospheric boundary layer flows.

Camellia sinesis leaves extract ameliorates high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats: analysis of potential mechanisms

Mohamed Safaa H.,Shahat Abdelaaty A.,Mohamed Mohamed Ragaa,Khalil Wagdy K. B.,Salem Ahmed M.,Farrag Abdel Razik H.,Ahmed Hanaa Hamdy 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.2

Purpose Our research aims to address and determine the effect of Camellia sinensis extract in the management of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats. Methods Forty adult female albino rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 (G1) served as the control group, while the other three groups received high-fat diet for 32 weeks to induce NASH and then were later assigned to the following groups: (G2) NASH-afflicted group which was left untreated, (G3) NASH-afflicted group treated with Camellia sinensis extract in a dose of 400 mg/kg, and (G4) NASH-afflicted group treated with Camellia sinensis extract in a dose of 200 mg/kg. Results Significant elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase, albumin, bilirubin (total and direct), cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, leptin, Cox-2, and CD40 values was recorded. Moreover, overexpression of hepatic tumor necrosis factor alpha and hepatocyte growth factor genes were recorded, whereas blood platelet count and serum high density lipoprotein concentration revealed significant depletion, which was paralleled by significant downregulation of hepatic adiponectin gene expression level in NASH group versus the control group. On the opposite side, treatment of NASH groups with two different doses of Camellia sinensis extract reversed the values of the measured biochemical parameters and the targeted gene expression levels when compared with the NASH group. Optical micrograph of liver tissue sections of rats treated with Camellia sinensis extract showed the observed improvement in the studied biochemical and genetic markers. Conclusion This study provides a clear evidence for the promising therapeutic potential of Camellia sinensis extract against NASH. This could be ascribed to its hepatoprotective activity, hypolipidemic effect, and anti-inflammatory potency.