OH (1720 MHz) MASERS: A MULTIWAVELENGTH STUDY OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE W51C SUPERNOVA REMNANT AND THE W51B STAR FORMING REGION

Brogan, C. L.,Goss, W. M.,Hunter, T. R.,Richards, A. M. S.,Chandler, C. J.,Lazendic, J. S.,Koo, B.-C.,Hoffman, I. M.,Claussen, M. J. IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.771 No.2

<P>We present a comprehensive view of the W51B H II region complex and the W51C supernova remnant (SNR) using new radio observations from the VLA, VLBA, MERLIN, JCMT, and CSO along with archival data from Spitzer, ROSAT, ASCA, and Chandra. Our VLA data include the first lambda = 400 cm (74 MHz) continuum image of W51 at high resolution (88 ''). The 400 cm image shows non-thermal emission surrounding the G49.2-0.3 H II region, and a compact source of non-thermal emission (W51B_NT) coincident with the previously-identified OH (1720 MHz) maser spots, non-thermal 21 and 90 cm emission, and a hard X-ray source. W51B_NT falls within the region of high likelihood for the position of TeV gamma-ray emission. Using the VLBA, three OH (1720 MHz) maser spots are detected in the vicinity of W51B_NT with sizes of 60-300 AU and Zeeman effect magnetic field strengths of 1.5-2.2 mG. The multiwavelength data demonstrate that the northern end of the W51B HII region complex has been partly enveloped by the advancing W51C SNR and this interaction explains the presence of W51B_NT and the OH masers. This interaction also appears in the thermal molecular gas which partially encircles W51B_NT and exhibits narrow pre-shock (Delta v similar to 5 km s(-1)) and broad post-shock (Delta v similar to 20 km s(-1)) velocity components. RADEX radiative transfer modeling of these two components yield physical conditions consistent with the passage of a non-dissociative C-type shock. Confirmation of the W51B/W51C interaction provides additional evidence in favor of this region being one of the best candidates for hadronic particle acceleration known thus far.</P>

O/W · W/O Emulsion의 Tribology 특성 연구

이봉구,임웅빈,오성모 원광대학교 생산 및 자동화기술연구소 1995 생산.자동화기술연구소논문집 : 원광대 Vol.- No.2

We have been so much interested in the lubrication of emulsion property recently. In particular, O/W and W/O type emulsion have a good property to be used in the Lubricative situation of several services. Therefore, in this section we have studied about the lubricational characteristics in Neat Oil, O/W and W/O type emulsion using the Falex, wear test machine. The result is as follows. 1. In the case of O/W and W/O type emulsion, the beginning friction coefficient than Neat Oil, but it becomes more excellent as the time passes. especially, the W/O type becomes the more excellent. 2. As the load increase, a change in temperature shows to us be nearly similar and all of them, the O/W type is the most excellent in the temperature characteristic. 3. In the beginning, the anti-wear characteristic of emulsion lowers, but after the some load has stability, O/W and W/O type is excellent in order of anti-wear characteristic. 4. In the regular hours, a change in the emulsion becomes settled, so the character of temperature is superior. specially, O/W type is predominant. Therefore, the emulsion in case of the O/W and W/O type are more excellent than Neat oil in the thermal stability and can improve the characteristics of tribology.

<i>CYP2A6</i> and <i>ERCC1</i> polymorphisms correlate with efficacy of S-1 plus cisplatin in metastatic gastric cancer patients

Park, S R,Kong, S-Y,Nam, B-H,Choi, I J,Kim, C G,Lee, J Y,Cho, S J,Kim, Y W,Ryu, K W,Lee, J H,Rhee, J,Park, Y-I,Kim, N K Nature Publishing Group 2011 The British journal of cancer Vol.104 No.7

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>We evaluated the association between polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2A6 (<I>CYP2A6</I>)/excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (<I>ERCC1</I>)/X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1(<I>XRCC1</I>) and treatment outcomes of metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) patients treated with S-1/cisplatin.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Among MGC patients (<I>n</I>=108), who received S-1 (40 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> b.i.d., days 1–14) and cisplatin (60 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>, day 1) every 3 weeks, we analysed the wild-type allele (<I>W</I>) and variants (<I>V</I>) of <I>CYP2A6</I> (<I>*4</I>, <I>*7, *9, *10</I>), and the polymorphisms of <I>ERCC1</I> (rs11615, rs3212986) and <I>XRCC1</I> (rs25487).</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Patients having fewer <I>CYP2A6</I> variants had better response rates (<I>W</I>/<I>W vs W</I>/<I>V</I> other than <I>*1/*4 vs V</I>/<I>V</I> or <I>*1/*4</I>=66.7 <I>vs</I> 58.3 <I>vs</I> 32.3% <I>P</I>=0.008), time to progression (TTP) (7.2 <I>vs</I> 6.1 <I>vs</I> 3.5 months, <I>P</I>=0.021), and overall survival (23.2 <I>vs</I> 15.4 <I>vs</I> 12.0 months, <I>P</I>=0.004). <I>ERCC1 19442C</I>><I>A</I> (rs3212986) was also associated with response rate (<I>C/C</I>, 46.7% <I>vs C/A</I>, 55.3% <I>vs A/A</I>, 87.5%) (<I>P</I>=0.048) and TTP (4.4 <I>vs</I> 7.6 <I>vs</I> 7.9 months) (<I>P</I>=0.012). Patients carrying both risk genotypes of <I>CYP2A6</I> (<I>V</I>/<I>V</I> or <I>1/*4</I>) and <I>ERCC1 19442C</I>><I>A</I> (<I>C/C</I>) <I>vs</I> those carrying none showed an adjusted odds ratio of 0.113 (<I>P</I>=0.004) for response, and adjusted hazard ratios of 3.748 (<I>P</I>=0.0001) for TTP and 2.961 (<I>P</I>=0.006) for death.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>Polymorphisms of <I>CYP2A6</I> and <I>ERCC1 19442C</I>><I>A</I> correlated with the efficacy of S-1/cisplatin.</P>

반추위내 (反芻胃內) Cellulolytic bacteria 의 분리 동정 (同定) 및 Activity 에 관한 연구 (2) 반추위내 Cellulolytic bacteria 의 Activity 에 관한 연구

민병렬(B . R . Min),맹원재(W . J . Maeng),조남기(N . K . Cho) 한국영양사료학회 1991 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

反芻胃 Celluloytic Bacteria에 의한 섬유소 분해 및 비구조 탄수화물의 이용성에 관한 硏究

민병렬,김범석,맹원재 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1991 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.16 No.-

본 실험은 반추위내에 존재하는 주요한 cellulolytic bacteria를 選擇 및 非選擇培地를 사용하여 면양의 rumen내에 존재하는 celluloytic bacteria를 사용하여 纖維素 分解菌 각각의 纖維素源의 分解度, 비구조 탄수화물의 이용성 및 휘발성 지방산의 생성량을 측정하였다. 본 실험결과를 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. 1) In vitro상에서 Corn stover, alfalfa, rice straw 및 filterpaper No.1등의 섬유소원에 대한 R.flavefaciens의 평균 DM 소화율은 10.75%로 가장 높은 소화율을 나타내었으며, B.succinogenes, Buty. fibrisolvens 및 B. ruminicola subsp. 등은 각각 8.20%, 5.66% 및 2.5%의 DM소화율을 나타내었다.(p<0.05). 2) 섬유소원에서의 평균 microbial dry cell生成量은 R.flavefaciens. B.succinogenes, Buty.fibrisolvens 및 B.rumminicola subsp. 등이 각각 11.4, 4.47, 6.38 및 1.13mg/100ml를 가장 높은 미생물 cell의 생성량을 나타내었다. 3) ADF 및 NDF 평균 소화율은 R.flavefaciens가 가장 높았으며(23.61% 및 39.87%), B.succinogenses는 각각 11.16% 및 35.91%의 분해도를 나타내었다. Buty. fibrisolvens는 16.82% 및 24.34%로서 가장 낮은 분해도를 나타내었다. CEllulose消化率은 B.succinogenes가 14.43%로 R.flavefaciens(11.11%)보다 높은 분해율을 나타내었다. 4) 비구조 炭水化物 利用率은 (OD=670nm)R.flavefaciens가 mannose, arabinose 및 xylose 등을 가장 잘 이용하며, B. ruminicola subsp.은 galactose, mannose, arabinose 및 xylose등을 가장 잘 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. B.succinogenes는 glucose 및 rffainose를 가장 잘 이용하며, B.fibrisolvens는 glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose 및 maltose등을 가장 잘 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. (P<0.05). 5) PYG basal medium에 炭水化物源을 각각 1g씩 첨가한 培養區에서 VFA 생성량은 R.flavefaciens는 주로 acetate, propionate, n-butyrate 및 succinate를 생산하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이것들의 생산량은 각각 81.65, 26.36, 20.16 및 108.91mM/100ml를 생산하여 succinate를 가장 많이 생산하는 것으로 나타났다. B.ruminicola subsp은 주로 acetate, propionate 및 n-butyrate를 생산하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 균의 생산량은 각각 104.72, 31.32 및 26.12mM/100ml를 생산하였으며, B. succinogenes는 주로 acetate, propionate, n-butyrate 및 succinate를 생산하며, 이 균들의 생산량은 각각 87.66, 27.70 및 56.07mM/100ml 생산하였다. Buty.fibrisolvens는 주로 acetate, propionate 및 n-butyrate를 생산하는 것으로 나타났다. Fiber degradation of corn stover, rice straw, alfalfa or filter paper No.1 was evaluated using microscopy and in vitro analyses after incubation with pure culture of cellulolytic ruminal bacteria. 1) Analyses of the initial substrate and the recovered residue after 24h of static incubation showed that R.flavefaciens degraded a mean dry matter(10.75% versus 5.66%) more effectively than B. succinogenes. However, B, succinogenes demonstrated a qualitative advantage in degrading cellulose of particular substrates. DM digestibilities for alfalfa and rice straw. Treatment for 24h were 13.96% and 9.46% for R.lflavefaciens, 10.27% and 4.32% for B.succinogenes, and 7.74% and 2.31% for Buty. fibrisolvens(p<0.05). Bacteriodes ruminitola subsp. was unable to degrade plant cell wall components, while it degraded non-structural carbohydrates more actively than any other bacteria. Microbial cell DM yield(avg, 11.44mg/dl) was the highest for R. flavefaciens cultured with alfalfa substrate(p<0.05). 2) Ruminococcu flavefaciens degraded a mean 23.61% of the ADF and 39.87% of the NDF in the various substrates. whereas, B. succinogenes degraded a mean 11.6% and 35.91% of these fractions, respectively. 3) The utilization of carbodydrates was the highest for R.flavefaciens cultured with mannose and xylcse substrate, and for B. ruminicola subsp. with arabinose, xylose, raffinose and galactose respectively. B. succinogenes utilized glucose and raffinose, as major substrates fermentd(p<0.05) and Buty. fibrisolvens utilized glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose and maltose. 4) Ruminococcus flavefaciens produced acetate, succinate and propionate, and B.ruminicola subsp. produced acetate, propionate and n-butyrate as major VFA. B.succinogenes produced acetate, propionate, n-butyrate and succinate, and Buty.fibrisolvens produced n-butyrate and acetate as major VFA.

국내 감염성질환 병원체의 성상분석을 통한 표준실험실 체계 구축(Ⅱ) : 장내바이러스와 B형간염바이러스 국내 분리주의 성상분석(1)

윤재득,지영미,김기순,천두성,안정배,정윤석,신수연,이선화,이지원,조해월 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

Bacteroides fragilis의 독소 유전자 분석 및 발병기전에 관한 연구

오희복,이근영,정경태,성원근 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

Aggravation of post-ischemic liver injury by overexpression of A20, an NF-κB suppressor

Yu, J.,Lee, H.S.,Lee, S.M.,Yu, H.C.,Moon, W.S.,Chung, M.J.,Park, J.W.,Park, B.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2011 Journal of hepatology Vol.55 No.2

Backgroud & Aims: A20 is an intracellular ubiquitin-editing enzyme that plays an important role in the negative feedback regulation of NF-κB activation in response to a diverse range of stimuli. Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with rapid activation of NF-κB signaling, but the role of NF-κB in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury remains controversial. The NF-κB signaling pathway mediates both protective and deleterious effects in the liver. Here, we examined whether A20 inhibited or aggravated hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods: We used IκBα super-repressor as a positive control and overexpressed A20 and IκBα super-repressor in the liver of C57BL/6 mice. Mice underwent 45min of partial hepatic ischemia and were then reperfused. Results: Protein level of A20 was increased after reperfusion. Mice subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury showed increased NF-κB activation, as evidenced by phosphorylation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Prior transfection with Ad-A20 or Ad-IκBα super-repressor attenuated NF-κB activation and aggravated liver injury. Serum aminotransferases and proinflammatory cytokines, hepatocellular necrosis, and hepatic neutrophil infiltration were markedly increased compared to those of uninfected or control virus infected mice. In addition, A20 abolished the beneficial effect of ischemic preconditioning. Conclusions: Our results suggest that inhibition of NF-κB activation by A20 aggravated partial hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Understanding how the NF-κB pathway plays a role in directing a clinical outcome may lead to better prospects of more rational approaches to reduce post-ischemic liver injury.

산란계 개량에 관한 연구 1 . 순계의 생산능력 비교시험

상병찬,강만석,김동곤,한성욱 ( B . C . Sang,M . S . Kang,D . K . Kim,S . W . Han ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.5

This experiment was carried out to test performance of the domentic purebred fowl. The purpose of this experiment was to compare the productive performance of the purebred fowl to obtained basic materials for laying performance improvement by means of cross breeding. In this study, 1, 200 chickens was used-that is 6 purebred strains White Leghorns(720 chickens), 1 purebred strain Rhode Island Reds (120 chickens), 1 purebred strain New Hampshires (120 chickens). The results obtained in this study are as follows; 1. The average Viability of brooding, rearing and laying period was best for Rhode Island Reds and E. Strain among White Leghorns. 2. The average body weight at 8 weeks, first egg production days, 500days of age in W. L. was 546.86g. 1431.37g, 1738.34g, respectively, but there was no significant difference among. purebred strains of W. L. 3. The average Sexual maturity of 50% egg production was 170.58 days in W. L., but R. I. R. and S. N. H. were 189.94 days, 182.42days, respectively. There was significant difference at 1 % level among Strains. 4. The average hen-housed egg production was 214.16 eggs in W. L., but R. I. R. and S. N. H. were 214.22 eggs, 196.74 eggs, respectively. There was significant difference at 1% level among Strains, but the highest hen-housed egg production (231.84 eggs) was E. Strain among strains. 5. The average egg weight was 54. 48g in W. L, but R. I. R. and .S. N. H. were 56.12g, 54.90g, respectively, The highest egg weight (57.69g) was Coronial Strain of W. L. among strains. There was significant difference at 1 % Level among strains. 6. The average feed requirement was 3.01 in W. L. but R. I. R. and S. N. H. were 3.23, 3.52, respectively the highest feed requirement (2.79) was Coronial Strain of W. L. among strains. There was significant difference at 1 % level among strains. 7. On the basis of the results of this study, the productive performance was best for C. D. E. strains among W. L. and R. I. R.

대관령지역에 있어서 낙농가를 위한 청예용 사초생산에 관한 연구 3 . 사초용유채 ( Brassica napus Subsp . oleifera ) 에 대한 질소 및 석회시용에 관한 시험

김창주(C . J . Kim),김병완(B . W . Kim) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.5

This experiment, as a part of tire studies on soiling forage production for the dairy farm in the Taekw-anryong area was curried out to determine the appropriate keel and method of nitrogen application and examine proper level of lime application to the forage rape(Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera) Two cultivars of the forage rape, Akela and Ramon. were sown on the experimental field(840m above sea level) located in Hoengke-2-ri Toam-myon Pyongchang-gun Kangwon-do. Korea. and they were harvested 70 days after the sowing The plot, of nitrogen treatment consisted of three-level plots applied with 80㎏/㏊ 160 ㎏/㏊ and 240㎏/㏊ of nitrogen. respectively and each level of nitrogen was applied through two methods. One of the methods was applying the whole amount of nitrogen us basal fertilizer (treatment mark:B100). and the other was applying one half of the nitrogen as basal fertilizer and the other half as top dressing(treatment mark: B50/T50). the plots of lime treatment consisted 01 three-level plots applied with 0㎏/㏊, 1500㎏/㏊ and 3000㎏/㏊ of lime. respectively. The results obtained were summarized a, follows 1. In plant length in the B100. Ramon marked 41.9㎝ 48.8㎝ and 53.6㎝ in the plots of 80㎏/㏊, 160㎏/㏊ and 240㎏/㏊ of nitrogen level. respectively Akela was shorter than Ramon by 1.9-3.7㎝ and the B50/T50 was shorter than the B1011 by 3.9-4.1㎝ in the both cultivars. Throughout the three level of lime application. tile plant length of Akela and Ramon ranged narrowly in 46.5-47.8㎝ and 49.3-51.1㎝ respectively: differences of plant length found among all the levels of lime application were slight. 2. In fresh forage yield in the B100, Akela and Ramon showed 32.12t/㏊ and 38.61t/㏊. 37.63t/㏊ and 52.08 t/㏊ 43.86 and 59.01t/㏊ in the plots of 80㎏/㏊ 160㎏/㏊ and 240㎏/㏊ of nitrogen level, respectively. Fresh forage yield of the B50/T50 was lower than the B100 by 4.01t/㏊ in Akela, and by 9.52t/㏊ in Ramon. Throughout the three levels of lime application. the fresh forage yield of Akela ranged narrowly in 36.18-36,70t/㏊ and Ramon narrowly in 50.64-50.82t/㏊: the effect of lime application was inconsiderable. 3. In dry matter yield in the B100, Ramon recorded 5.14t/㏊ 6.82t/㏊ and 7.22t/㏊ in the plots of 80㎏/㏊, 160㎏/㏊ and 240㎏/㏊ of nitrogen level respectively: the yield increased remarkably along with the rising level of nitrogen application(p$lt;0.05). Ramon recorded higher dry matter yield than Akela by 16.8%, 5% and 37.0% in the plots of 80㎏/㏊, 160㎏/㏊ and 240㎏/㏊ of nitrogen level, respectively(p$lt;0.05). The B50/T50 was lower in dry matter yield than the B100 by 10.0% in Akela, and by 24.3% in Ramon(p$lt; 0.05). Significant differences were not recognized among all the levels of plot treated by lime, with Akela ranging narrowly in 4.92-5.14t/㏊ and Ramon narrowly in 6.84-7.07t/㏊. 4. It seems that the appropriate level of nitrogen application is 240㎏/㏊ in the Tackwanryong area. 5. It is recommendable that the whole amount of nitrogen should he applied only as basal fertilizer rather than splitting it into one half as basal fertilizer and the other half as top dressing. 6. It is difficult to confirm the necessity of lime application.