Do Human Papilloma Viruses Play Any Role in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in North Indians?

Singh, Vineeta,Husain, Nuzhat,Akhtar, Naseem,Kumar, Vijay,Tewari, Shikha,Mishra, Sridhar,Misra, Sanjeev,Khan, M.Y. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.16

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy among males in India. While tobacco and alcohol are main aetiological factors, human papilloma virus (HPV) presence has surprisingly increased in head and neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in the past two decade but its frequency in OSCCS is still uncertain. We aim to explore the frequency of HPV and its major genotypes in North Indian patients and their association with clinicopathological and histopathological features and p16 expression pattern. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 250 histologically proven cases of OSCC. HPV was detected by real time PCR in tumor biopsy specimens and confirmed by conventional PCR with PGMY09/PGMY11 primers. Genotyping for high-risk types 16/18 was conducted by type specific PCR. p16 expression was assessed by immunohistochemsitry. Results: HPV presence was confirmed in 23/250 (9.2%) OSCC cases, of which 30.4% had HPV 16 infection, 17.4%were positive for HPV 18 and 26.1% had co-infections. HPV presence was significantly associated with male gender (p=0.02) and habit of pan masala chewing (p=0.01). HPV positive cases also had a history of tobacco consumption in 91.3% cases. p16 over expression was observed in 39.1% of HPV positive cases but this was not significantly different from negative cases (p=0.54). Conclusions: The frequency of HPV in OSCC is low in North-India and majority of cases are associated with a tobacco habit. It appears that tobacco shows a confounding effect in HPV positive cases and use of p16 protein as a reliable marker to assess the potential etiological role of HPV in OSCC in our population is not suggested.

Cyclin D1, Retinoblastoma and p16 Protein Expression in Carcinoma of the Gallbladder

Srivastava, Vineeta,Patel, Brijesh,Kumar, Mohan,Shukla, Mridula,Pandey, Manoj Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

Background: Cancer of the gallbladder is a relatively rare neoplasm with a poor prognosis. The exact mechanisms of its genesis are not known and very little information is available on molecular events leading to labeling this as an orphan cancer. Materials and Methods: In this prospective case control study we evaluated the expression of p16, pRb and cyclin D1 by immunohistochemistry to study the G1-S cell-cycle check point and its possible role in gallbladder carcinogenesis. A total of 25 patients with gallbladder carcinoma (group I), 25 with cholelithiasis (group II) and 10 normal controls. were enrolled Results: Cyclin D1 expression was seen in 10 (40%) patients each with carcinoma and cholelithiasis while only in 2 (20%) of the normal gallbladders but differences were not statistically significant (p value=0.488). p16 was expressed in 12% patients of carcinoma of the gallbladder and 28% of cholelithiasis, however this difference was not statistically significant (p value=0.095). Retinoblastoma protein was found to be expressed in 50% of normal gallbladders and 6 (24%) of carcinoma and 8 (32%) of gallstones. The present study failed to demonstrate any conclusive role of cyclin D1/RB/ p16 pathway in carcinoma of the gallbladder. Conclusions: The positive relation observed between tumor metastasis and cyclinD1 expression and p16 with nodal metastasis suggested that higher cyclin D1/p16 expression may act as a predictive biomarker for aggressive behavior of gallbladder malignancies.

A New Random SPWM Technique for AC-AC Converter-Based WECS

Navdeep Singh,Vineeta Agarwal 전력전자학회 2015 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.4

A single-stage AC-AC converter has been designed for a wind energy conversion system (WECS) that eliminates multistage operation and DC-link filter elements, thus resolving size, weight, and reliability issues. A simple switching strategy is used to control the switches that changes the variable-frequency AC output of an electrical generator to a constant-frequency supply to feed into a distributed electrical load/grid. In addition, a modified random sinusoidal pulse width modulation (RSPWM) technique has been developed for the designed converter to make the overall system more efficient by increasing generating power capacity and reducing the effects of inter-harmonics and sub-harmonics generated in the WECS. The technique uses carrier and reference waves of variable switching frequency to calculate the firing angles of the switches of the converter so that the three-phase output voltage of the converter is very close to a sine wave with reduced THD. A comparison of the performance of the proposed RSPWM technique with the conventional SPWM demonstrated that the power generated by a turbine in the proposed approximately increased by 5% to 10% and THD reduces by 40% both in voltage and current with respect to conventional SPWM.

Design of an FPGA Based Controller for Delta Modulated Single-Phase Matrix Converters

Anshul Agarwal,Vineeta Agarwal 전력전자학회 2012 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.12 No.6

A FPGA based delta modulated single phase matrix converter has been developed that may be used in both cyclo-converters and cyclo-inverters. This converter is ideal for variable speed electrical drives, induction heating, fluorescent lighting, ballasts and high frequency power supplies. The peripheral input-output and FPGA interfacing have been developed through Xilinx 9.2i, to generate delta modulated trigger pulses for the converter. The controller has been relieved of the time consuming computational task of PWM signal generation by implementing the method of trigger pulse generation in a FPGA by using Hardware Description Language VHDL in Xilinx. The trigger circuit has been tested qualitatively by observing various waveforms on an oscilloscope. The operation of the proposed system has been found to be satisfactory.

A Comparative Study of Controllers for CSI Fed Induction Motor

Piush Kumar,Vineeta Agarwal 전력전자학회 2010 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.10 No.2

This paper presents a comparative study of P and PI controllers for a current source inverter (CSI) fed induction motor drive system. A dq model has been used which incorporates the induction motor and the inverter power supply with current feedback. The model is used first to generate the steady state curves to determine the operating point through computer simulations using the software package MATLAB. Then a transient analysis has been carried out for different values of the speed and current controller parameters. The controller value is adjusted by the Ziegler-Nichols method. It has been observed that the transient time to reach the steady state value is larger with the PI controller than with the P controller.

SiC Based Single Chip Programmable AC to DC Power Converter

Rajendra Pratap,Vineeta Agarwal,Ravindra K. S 대한전자공학회 2014 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.14 No.6

A single chip Programmable AC to DC Power Converter, consisting of wide band gap SiC MOSFET and SiC diodes, has been proposed which converts high frequency ac voltage to a conditioned dc output voltage at user defined given power level. The converter has high conversion efficiency because of negligible reverse recovery current in SiC diode and SiC MOSFET. High frequency operation reduces the need of bigger size inductor. Lead inductors are enough to maintain current continuity. A complete electrical analysis, die area estimation and thermal analysis of the converter has been presented. It has been found that settling time and peak overshoot voltage across the device has reduced significantly when SiC devices are used with respect to Si devices. Reduction in peak overshoot also increases the converter efficiency. The total package substrate dimension of the converter circuit is only 5 ㎜ × 5 ㎜. Thermal analysis performed in the paper shows that these devices would be very useful for use as miniaturized power converters for load currents of up to 5-7 amp, keeping the package thermal conductivity limitation in mind. The converter is ideal for voltage requirements for sub-5 V level power supplies for high temperatures and space electronics systems.

Mycobacterial formulation in liposomes showed decreasedexpression of CD95/CD95L and caspase activity in T cellsof leprosy patients

Vandana Bisht,Vineeta Chattree,,Neena Khanna,,D.N. Rao 한국물리학회 2005 Current Applied Physics Vol.5 No.2

Leprosy, a debilitating disease shows manifestations ranging from strong cell mediated immune (CMI) response in tuberculoidform (BT/TT) or weak CMI with immunological anergy in lepromatous form (BL/LL). Repeated stimulation with mycobacterialantigen causes activation induced cell death (apoptosis) or anergy in these patients. Previous studies showed in vitro T cell prolif-eration and increased Th1 response with liposomal (particulate) presentation of mycobacterial antigens with immunomodulators(MDP analog, murabutide and T cell peptide of Trat protein). In the present study, the role of caspases; expression of apoptoticmarkers, CD95 and CD95L in T cells of leprosy patients and the eect of particulate formulations in the reversal of apoptosisin BT/TT and BL/LL patient group was studied. Caspase 8/3 activity was maximum (p<0.01) in BL/LL patients in constitutivestate, which was followed by decreased activity in BT/TT and normal subjects. Caspase 8/3 activity increased signicantly(p<0.05) from constitutive state after 5 days of antigen stimulation (inducible state). Both the antigens were equally potent in induc-ing the apoptosis in leprosy patients. A decreased caspase activity using the particulate formulations of both antigens was observedin BL/LL group. The expression of CD95 and CD95L in T cells of leprosy patients increased signicantly after 5 days of antigenstimulation. However, % expression of apoptotic markers by T cells of BL/LL patients decreased signicantly (p<0.05) when theparticulate formulations were used. To summarize, the particulate formulations of antigens with immunomodulators slowed downthe apoptosis and hence T cell anergy in leprosy by stimulating the cells to proliferate..

Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of platinum nanoparticles against normal and cancer cells and its anticancer potential through induction of apoptosis

Yogesh Bendale,Vineeta Bendale,Saili Paul 한국한의학연구원 2017 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.6 No.2

Background: Plant mediated green synthesis of nanoparticles is an eco-friendly and efficacious approach which finds immense application in the field of medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of platinum nanoparticles (ptNPs) synthesized through green technology against normal and different cancer cell lines. Methods: Platinum nanoparticles were synthesized by green technology and characterized earlier. In this study we examined the cytotoxic effect of platinum nanoparticles (ptNPs) on human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), ovarian teratocarcinoma (PA-1), pancreatic cancer (Mia-Pa-Ca-2) cells and normal peripheral blood mononucleocyte (PBMC) cells and evaluate anticancer potential through induction of apoptosis on PA-1 cells if any. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay, trypan blue dye exclusion assay and anticancer potential assessed through clonogenic assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle analysis. Results: We found that ptNPs exerted cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines, whereas no cytotoxic effect was observed at highest dose on normal cells. The results showed that ptNPs had potent anticancer activities against PA-1 cell line via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Conclusion: Overall, these findings have proved that biosynthesized ptNPs could be potent anti-ovarian cancer drugs. Further studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanism of ptNPs induced anti-tumor effect in vivo.

Critical Review of Current Trends in ASIC Writing and Layout Analysis

Abhishek Vikram,Vineeta Agarwal 대한전자공학회 2016 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.16 No.2

Electrical Designs for Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) has undergone a change recently with the advent of the sub-wavelength lithography. The optical projection with 193 nm wavelength has been further extended with the use of immersion and other techniques. The competing trends for printing smaller design features have been discussed in this paper with the discussion of the electrical layout analysis to find unfriendly design features. The early knowledge of the unfriendly design features allows remedial actions in time for better yield on the wafer. There are existing standard design qualification criteria being used in the design and fabrication community, but they seem to be insufficient to guarantee defect free designs. This paper proposes an integrated approach for screening the layout with multiple aspects: layout geometry based, graphical analysis and process model based verification. The results have been discussed with few example design features from the 28nm design layout.

Biosynthesized Platinum Nanoparticles Inhibit the Proliferation of Human Lung-Cancer Cells in vitro and Delay the Growth of a Human Lung-Tumor Xenograft in vivo -In vitro and in vivo Anticancer Activity of bio-Pt NPs-

Yogesh Bendale,Vineeta Bendale,Rammesh Natu,Saili Paul 대한약침학회 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.2

Objectives: Lung cancer remains a deadly disease with unsatisfactory overall survival. Cisplatin, a standard platinum (Pt)-based chemotherapeutic agent, has the potential to inhibit the growth of lung cancer. Its use, however, is occasionally limited by severe organ toxicity. However, until now, no systematic study has been conducted to verify its efficacy with proper experimental support in vivo. Therefore, we examined whether biosynthesized Pt nanoparticles (NPs) inhibited human lung cancer in vitro and in vivo to validate their use in alternative and complementary medicine. Methods: We evaluated the in vitro and the in vivo anticancer efficiencies of biosynthesized Pt NPs in a subcutaneous xenograft model with A549 cells. Severe combined immune deficient mice (SCID) were divided into four groups: group 1 being the vehicle control group and groups 2, 3 and 4 being the experimental groups. Once the tumor volume had reached 70 ─ 75 mm3, the progression profile of the tumor growth kinetics and the body weights of the mice were measured every week for 6 weeks after oral administration of Pt NPs. Doses of Pt NPs of 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/ kg of body weight were administered to the experimental groups and a dose of honey was administered to the vehicle control group. The efficacy was quantified by using the delay in tumor growth following the administration of Pt NPs of A549 human-lung-cancer xenografts growing in SCID mice. Results: The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation indicated that Pt NPs, in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited the growth of A549 cells, and the in vivo evaluation showed that Pt NPs at the mid and high doses effectively inhibited and delayed the growth of lung cancer in SCID mice. Conclusion: These findings confirm the antitumor properties of biosynthesized Pt NPs and suggest that they may be a cost-effective alternative for the treatment of patients with lung cancer.