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Strategies to control the high temperature shrinkage of fly ash based geopolymers
Vickers, L.,Rickard, W.D.A.,van Riessen, A. Elsevier 2014 Thermochimica acta Vol.580 No.-
Strategies to control thermally induced shrinkage in fly ash based geopolymers are investigated. The use of low (<2) Si:Al ratios in the geopolymer provides superior thermal properties and the addition of fillers delivered additional improvements resulting in impressive thermal resistance. Two thermally stable inorganic fillers, α-alumina and wollastonite, were used because of their high melting points and relatively low thermal expansion. Shrinkage events at elevated temperatures revealed that samples containing filler exhibited 30-35% less volume shrinkage than the control at 1000<SUP>o</SUP>C. Initial compressive strength was moderate (~30MPa), but increased markedly when samples were fired in excess of 600<SUP>o</SUP>C (>100MPa). Wollastonite addition also improved the flexural strength of the samples which was attributed to its acicular shape imparting fibre-like qualities. Microstructural investigations showed that unfired samples predominantly consisted of spherical particles coated with reaction product. Firing to 1000<SUP>o</SUP>C converted the morphology to a more compact phase with increased pore size.
Vickers, R.A.,Ironside, D.A.,McLean, S.,Coates, A.,Campbell, G. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1998 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.1 No.1
The pheromone of the macadamia nut borer, Cryptophlebia ombrodelta(Lower), was evaluated for its suitability as a monitoring tool. The first objective was to establish a correlation between the number of males recovered from pheromone traps and oviposition. When data on numbers of eggs recovered was adjusted using an empirical formula to predict when oviposition occurred, a reasonable correlation between trap catch and oviposition was revealed. A sharp rise in weekly pheromone trap catch often either preceded or coincided with a sharp rise in oviposition and it was concluded that on the basis of one season's data, the first record of 6 or more moths/8 traps/day indicates the need to begin sampling for eggs. The influence of trap height was also investigated. Significantly more moths were caught in traps placed at 5m(just below the top of the canopy) than at 2m above ground level.
Performance of fibre reinforced, low density metakaolin geopolymers under simulated fire conditions
Rickard, W.D.A.,Vickers, L.,van Riessen, A. Elsevier 2013 Applied clay science Vol.73 No.-
This paper presents a study on the thermal behaviour of metakaolin based geopolymers that have been foamed and fibre reinforced in order t1o assess their suitability for high temperature applications such as thermal barriers and fire resistant panels. An international standard fire curve (ISO 834, 1999) was used to simulate the heating conditions of a fire. Fire testing was conducted on 50mm thick panels with an exposure size of 200mmx200mm. Fire ratings of more than one hour were achieved for all samples.
DNA demethylation is initiated in the central cells of <i>Arabidopsis</i> and rice
Park, Kyunghyuk,Kim, M. Yvonne,Vickers, Martin,Park, Jin-Sup,Hyun, Youbong,Okamoto, Takashi,Zilberman, Daniel,Fischer, Robert L.,Feng, Xiaoqi,Choi, Yeonhee,Scholten, Stefan National Academy of Sciences 2016 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol.113 No.52
<P>Cytosine methylation is a DNA modification with important regulatory functions in eukaryotes. In flowering plants, sexual reproduction is accompanied by extensive DNA demethylation, which is required for proper gene expression in the endosperm, a nutritive extraembryonic seed tissue. Endosperm arises from a fusion of a sperm cell carried in the pollen and a female central cell. Endosperm DNA demethylation is observed specifically on the chromosomes inherited from the central cell in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, and maize, and requires the DEMETER DNA demethylase in Arabidopsis. DEMETER is expressed in the central cell before fertilization, suggesting that endosperm demethylation patterns are inherited from the central cell. Down-regulation of the MET1 DNA methyltransferase has also been proposed to contribute to central cell demethylation. However, with the exception of three maize genes, central cell DNA methylation has not been directly measured, leaving the origin and mechanism of endosperm demethylation uncertain. Here, we report genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in the central cells of Arabidopsis and rice-species that diverged 150 million years agoas well as in rice egg cells. We find that DNA demethylation in both species is initiated in central cells, which requires DEMETER in Arabidopsis. However, we do not observe a global reduction of CG methylation that would be indicative of lowered MET1 activity; on the contrary, CG methylation efficiency is elevated in female gametes compared with nonsexual tissues. Our results demonstrate that locus-specific, active DNA demethylation in the central cell is the origin of maternal chromosome hypomethylation in the endosperm.</P>
Functional roles of peripheral and central olfactory pathways in sex pheromone communication
Seong-Gyu Lee,Kathy Poole,Charles E. Linn, Jr,Neil J. Vickers 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04
Behavioral responses to the sex pheromone blends rely on genetically designed hardwired olfactory pathways, including precise detection of the specific pheromone compounds and sophisticated signal processes in the brain to interpret correct pheromone mixture information. Owing to minimized association of individual variation and acquired traits from learning in sex pheromone communication, behavioral assays can be very useful tool for understanding each step in the olfactory system. To investigate interactions between peripheral and central pathways in shaping olfactory perception, we used antennal imaginal disc transplants between phylogenetically close two heliothine moth species Heliothis virescens and Heliothis subflexa. In behavioral tests, the response patterns of the male transplants were distinct from any of normal males of either species. Neurophysiological analyses of olfactory receptor neurons in the antenna and projection neurons in the brain also supported the behavioral dissimilarities between the transplants and normal animals. Results will be discussed in light of the functional roles and developmental significances of peripheral and central olfactory pathways in pheromone communication system.
Chung, Lana,Chung, Seo-Jin,Kim, Jin-Young,Kim, Kwang-Ok,O’Mahony, Michael,Vickers, Zata,Cha, Sung-Mi,Ishii, Rie,Baures, Katie,Kim, Haeng-Ran Elsevier 2012 Food quality and preference Vol.26 No.1
<P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Acceptance of Korean foods among US and Koreans were investigated. ► Stronger cultural differences were observed in the beverage than salad dressing. ► Familiarity and perceived context (traditional vs. ethnic) were both important. ► Labeling effect was relatively small compared to other factors. ► Food/flavor scales may partly predict the acceptance of Korean foods.</P> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The effects of sensory and non-sensory factors on the liking of Korean style salad dressings and beverages among US subjects in two locations (California and Minnesota) and Korean subjects were investigated. Four types of dressing and five types of beverage samples were evaluated. Approximately, half of the subjects evaluated the samples under blind-labeled conditions while the other half evaluated the samples labeled with their corresponding names and flavor descriptions. The liking of each sample was rated and the reasons for liking and disliking each sample were surveyed. Various food attitudes were measured on the food neophobic scale, VARSEEK scale, and flavor attitude scales. Soy sauce & vinegar dressing was the most preferred sample among the US subjects, whereas sesame seed dressing was preferred as much as the soy sauce & vinegar dressing among Koreans. Cinnamon-ginger flavored beverage was preferred the most among the US subjects, whereas rice punch was preferred the most among Koreans. Sample labeling effect was relatively small compared to other factors. VARSEEK and food neophobia scale showed stronger effect on beverage than salad dressing. Preference attitudes for hot & spicy and roasted carbohydrate flavors affected the acceptance of salad dressing among consumers in California whereas preference attitude for garlic flavor affected the acceptance of dressing among consumers in Minnesota.</P>