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J.L. Hidalgo-Vicelis,M.A. Alvarez-Perez,S.P. Miranda-Castro,M.C. Piña-Barba 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.2
In this work, chemical crosslinking with N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) was studied in type I collagen-chitosan (Col I-CS) membranes for their use in guided bone regeneration (GBR). Themembranes were prepared in a wide range of Col I-CS proportions, produced in the form of films by the solvent evaporation technique and crosslinked with EDC. The membranes presented a rough surface that is adequate for cell adhesion and a compact cross-section to prevent some infiltration of unwanted cell tissues, according to scanning electron microscopy. The physicochemical characterization (thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, uniaxial tensile test and in vitro degradation) showed that the crosslinked membranes are more resistant to dehydration, tensile strength and enzymaticdigestion. The biological assays (adhesion, viability and morphology of cells) using human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB) indicated that the crosslinked membranes are not cytotoxic. Therefore, the chemical crosslinking with EDC improves the physicochemical properties of the membranes without affecting their biocompatibility, indicating that this type of membranes is a potential alternative to be used in GBR. In addition, this study also allowed to know the best type of crosslinked membranes, as a proposal for its application in GBR strategies.
( Laura Alonso Guardo ),( Carlos Cano Gala ),( David Sanchez Poveda ),( Pablo Rueda Juan ),( Francisco Jose Sanchez Montero ),( Jose Carlos Garzon Sanchez ),( Juan Ignacio Santos Lamas ),( Miguel Vice 대한통증학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.29 No.1
Background: Sacral nerve stimulation is a therapeutic option with demonstrated efficacy for conditions presenting with perineal pain caused by different etiologies. We aimed to assess whether a sacral electrode (InterStimⓡ, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) inserted through the caudal pathway is able to offer an acceptable level of sacral stimulation and rate of catheter migration. Methods: We present 12 patients with pelvic pain who received sacral neuromodulation via the sacral hiatus with the InterStim electrode. We evaluated patient satisfaction as well as migration and removal of the electrode, if necessary. Results: Our experience included 12 patients, 10 women and two men, with a mean age of 60 years. In eight of the 12 patients, the initial therapy was effective, and the final system implantation was performed. During subsequent follow-up, patient satisfaction was good. To date, there have been no cases of electrode displacement or migration. Conclusions: The caudal insertion of the InterStim electrode, with its own fixation system, and initially designed for transsacral insertion, appears in our experience to be a satisfactory option which can minimize electrode displacements, achieving similar results in therapeutic efficacy and causing no difficulties in removal. (Korean J Pain 2016; 29: 23-28)
Global millimeter VLBI array survey of ultracompact extragalactic radio sources at 86 GHz
Nair, Dhanya G.,Lobanov, Andrei P.,Krichbaum, Thomas P.,Ros, Eduardo,Zensus, Johann Anton,Kovalev, Yuri Y.,Lee, Sang-Sung,Mertens, Florent,Hagiwara, Yoshiaki,Bremer, Michael,Lindqvist, Michael,de Vice Springer-Verlag 2019 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.622 No.-
<P><I>Context</I>. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations at 86 GHz (wavelength, <I>λ</I> = 3 mm) reach a resolution of about 50 <I>μ</I>as, probing the collimation and acceleration regions of relativistic outflows in active galactic nuclei (AGN). The physical conditions in these regions can be studied by performing 86 GHz VLBI surveys of representative samples of compact extragalactic radio sources.</P><P><I>Aims</I>. To extend the statistical studies of compact extragalactic jets, a large global 86 GHz VLBI survey of 162 compact radio sources was conducted in 2010-2011 using the Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA).</P><P><I>Methods</I>. The survey observations were made in a snapshot mode, with up to five scans per target spread over a range of hour angles in order to optimize the visibility coverage. The survey data attained a typical baseline sensitivity of 0.1 Jy and a typical image sensitivity of 5 mJy beam<SUP>−1</SUP>, providing successful detections and images for all of the survey targets. For 138 objects, the survey provides the first ever VLBI images made at 86 GHz. Gaussian model fitting of the visibility data was applied to represent the structure of the observed sources and to estimate the flux densities and sizes of distinct emitting regions (components) in their jets. These estimates were used for calculating the brightness temperature (<I>T</I>b) at the jet base (core) and in one or more moving regions (jet components) downstream from the core. These model-fit-based estimates of <I>T</I>b were compared to the estimates of brightness temperature limits made directly from the visibility data, demonstrating a good agreement between the two methods.</P><P><I>Results</I>. The apparent brightness temperature estimates for the jet cores in our sample range from 2.5 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> K to 1.3 × 10<SUP>12</SUP> K, with the mean value of 1.8 × 10<SUP>11</SUP> K. The apparent brightness temperature estimates for the inner jet components in our sample range from 7.0 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> K to 4.0 × 10<SUP>11</SUP> K. A simple population model with a single intrinsic value of brightness temperature, <I>T</I>0, is applied to reproduce the observed distribution. It yields <I>T</I>0 = (3.77−0.14<SUP>+0.10</SUP>) × 10<SUP>11</SUP> K for the jet cores, implying that the inverse Compton losses dominate the emission. In the nearest jet components, <I>T</I>0 = (1.42−0.19<SUP>+0.16</SUP>) × 10<SUP>11</SUP> K is found, which is slightly higher than the equipartition limit of ∼5 × 10<SUP>10</SUP> K expected for these jet regions. For objects with sufficient structural detail detected, the adiabatic energy losses are shown to dominate the observed changes of brightness temperature along the jet.</P>