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Coccygeal Morphology on Multislice Computed Tomography in a Tertiary Hospital in India
Venkatraman Indiran,Vadivalagianambi Sivakumar,Prabakaran Maduraimuthu 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.5
Study Design: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of 213 patients who presented for abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans to assess coccygeal morphology in the Indian population. Purpose: There have been relatively few studies of coccygeal morphology in the normal population and none in the Indian population. We aimed to estimate coccygeal morphometric parameters in the Indian population. Overview of Literature: Coccygeal morphology has been studied in European, American, Korean, and Egyptian populations, with few differences in morphology among populations. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 213 abdominal CT scans (114 males and 99 females; age, 7–88 years; mean age, 47.3 years) was performed to evaluate the number of coccygeal segments, coccyx type, sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal fusion and subluxation, coccygeal spicules, sacrococcygeal straight length, and sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal curvature angles. Results were analyzed for differences in morphology with respect to sex and coccyx type. Results: Types I and II coccyx were the most common. Most subjects had four coccygeal vertebrae; 93 subjects (43.66%) had partial or complete sacrococcygeal fusion. Intercoccygeal fusion was common, occurring in 193 subjects. Eighteen subjects had coccygeal spicules. The mean coccygeal straight length was 33.8 mm in males and 31.5 mm in females; the mean sacrococcygeal curvature angle was 116.6° in males and 111.6° in females; the mean intercoccygeal curvature angle was 140.94° in males and 145.10° in females. Conclusions: Type I was the most common coccyx type in our study, as in Egyptian and Western populations. The number of coccygeal vertebrae and prevalence of sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal fusion in the Indian population were similar to those in the Western population. The mean coccygeal straight length and mean sacrococcygeal curvature angle were higher in males, whereas the intercoccygeal curvature angle was higher in females. Information on similarities and differences in coccygeal morphology between different ethnic populations could be useful in imaging and treating patients presenting with coccydynia.
Venkatraman Prasanna,최희욱,정지아,이영곤,김백조 한국기상학회 2018 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.54 No.2
This study employs the Unified Model (UM) with the rose nesting suite at 300-m resolution to construct a high spatial and temporal resolution wind simulation model for predicting wind gusts over the Incheon International Airport (IIA). The model can enable efficient aircraft operation and avert accidents due to sudden wind gusts. Simulation results with different inputs from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) operational data assimilation and prediction systems are compared with an observed dataset. The 300-m nested prediction systems are built using the 17 km Global Prediction System (GDAPS) and 1.5 km Local Prediction System (LDAPS) of KMA. They are downscaled to 300 m resolution using five and three nesting domains from the GDAPS and LDAPS, respectively. The model results are validated against automated weather stations (AWS) to determine the accuracy of the UM for simulating high-resolution winds over the IIA. Both nesting suites are identical, with the only difference being their initial (IC) and lateral boundary conditions (LBC). The major difference between LDAPS and GDAPS downscaled model results is that the GDAPS downscaled system has a lower wind direction RMSE and the LDAPS downscaled system has a lower wind speed RMSE for up to 48 hours of verification against observations; thus, it is better than the GDAPS downscaled system. Two case studies were performed; one for wind gust conditions and one for vertical wind shear over the IIA. The 300 m model performs better in both cases, making it useful for wind gust and wind shear predictions over the airport.
Zika virus infection of adult and fetal <i>STAT2</i> knock-out hamsters
Siddharthan, Venkatraman,Van Wettere, Arnaud J.,Li, Rong,Miao, Jinxin,Wang, Zhongde,Morrey, John D.,Julander, Justin G. 3M Company 2017 Virology Vol.507 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was investigated in adult and fetal <I>STAT2</I> knock-out (KO) hamsters. Subcutaneous injection of ZIKV of adults resulted in morbidity, mortality, and infection of the uterus, placenta, brain, spinal cord, and testicles, thus providing an opportunity to evaluate congenital ZIKV infection in a second rodent species besides mice. ZIKV-infected cells with morphologies of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia were observed in the testes, which may have implications for sexual transmission and male sterility. Neonates exposed as fetuses to ZIKV at 8 days post-coitus were not smaller than controls. Nevertheless, infectious virus and ZIKV RNA was detected in some, but not all, placentas and fetal brains of KO hamsters. <I>STAT2</I> KO hamsters may be useful for addressing sexual transmission, pathogenesis, routes of fetal infection, and neurological disease outcomes, and may also be used in antiviral or vaccine studies to identify intervention strategies.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Infection of <I>STAT2</I> knock-out hamsters resulted in morbidity and mortality. </LI> <LI> The uterus, placenta, brain, spinal cord, and testicles were infected. </LI> <LI> ZIKV infected cells with morphologies of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. </LI> <LI> ZIKV was detected in some, but not all, placentas and fetal brains of KO hamsters. </LI> <LI> Fetuses exposed to ZIKV were not smaller than controls. </LI> </UL> </P>
Development of daily gridded rainfall dataset over the Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna river basins
Prasanna, Venkatraman,Subere, Juvy,Das, Dwijendra K.,Govindarajan, Srinivasan,Yasunari, Tetsuzo John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2014 Meteorological applications Vol.21 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The India Meteorological Department (IMD) gridded rainfall dataset, the 47 Bangladesh gauge rainfall observations and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42V6 satellite data are used in the present analysis. The nearest neighbour interpolation scheme is used, wherein the interpolated values are computed from a weighted sum of observations. The Bangladesh daily gauge measured rainfall is interpolated into regular grids of 0.5° × 0.5° resolution every day from January 1988 to December 2007 and appended with the daily gridded dataset of the IMD over the Indian region. A similar resolution dataset of 0.5° × 0.5° for the TRMM‐3B42V6 data from January 1998 to December 2007 is created from the original data of 0.25° × 0.25° resolution. To produce a merged rainfall product, all the gridded datasets are merged. The merging of datasets is done in such a way as to include the highest rainfall at each grid point from the three products. Based on the three available sets of daily observations (IMD dataset (1° × 1°), TRMM‐3B42 (0.25° × 0.25°) and 46 daily station observations over Bangladesh), a dataset of 0.5° × 0.5° resolution on a daily scale is generated. The focus of this study is to compare the TRMM‐3B42V6 rainfall data over the Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna (GBM) domain with observed point gauge data, and assess the possibility of using them for application in real time flood forecasting as well as to serve as a comparison tool for the baseline simulation of high resolution atmospheric models aimed at flood forecasting and climate change projections. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society</P>
Devimeenal Jagannathan,Venkatraman Indiran,Fouzal Hithaya,M. Alamelu,S. Padmanaban 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.3
Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: Identification of transitional vertebra is important in spine imaging, especially in presurgical planning. Pasted images of the whole spine obtained using high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are helpful in counting vertebrae and identifying transitional vertebrae. Counting vertebrae and identifying transitional vertebrae is challenging in isolated studies of lumbar spine and in studies conducted in low-field MRI. An incorrect evaluation may lead to wrong-level treatment. Here, we identify the location of different anatomical structures that can help in counting and identifying vertebrae. Overview of Literature: Many studies have assessed the vertebral segments using various anatomical structures such as costal facets (CF), aortic bifurcation (AB), inferior vena cava confluence (IC), right renal artery (RRA), celiac trunk (CT), superior mesenteric artery root (SR), iliolumbar ligament (ILL) psoas muscle (PM) origin, and conus medullaris. However, none have yielded any consistent results. Methods: We studied the locations of the anatomical structures CF, AB, IC, RRA, CT, SR, ILL, and PM in patients who underwent whole spine MRI at our department. Results: In our study, 81.4% patients had normal spinal segmentation, 14.7% had sacralization, and 3.8% had lumbarization. Vascular landmarks had variable origin. There were caudal and cranial shifts with respect to lumbarization and sacralization. In 93.8% of cases in the normal group, ILL emerged from either L5 alone or the adjacent disc. In the sacralization group, ILL was commonly seen in L5. In the lumbarization group, ILL emerged from L5 and the adjacent disc (66.6%). CFs were identified at D12 in 96.9% and 91.7% of patients in the normal and lumbarization groups, respectively. The PM origin was observed from D12 or D12–L1 in most patients in the normal and sacralization groups. Conclusions: CF, PM, and ILL were good identification markers for D12 and L5, but none were 100% accurate.
Monitoring Water Resources over the Kotmale Reservoir in Sri Lanka Using ENSO Phases
Chandrasekara, Sewwandhi,Prasanna, Venkatraman,Kwon, Hyun-Han Hindawi Limited 2017 Advances in meteorology Vol.2017 No.-
<P>In this study, the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase index is used for water management over the Kotmale reservoir in Sri Lanka. Daily rainfall data of 9 stations over the Kotmale catchment during 1960–2005 June-September (JJAS) season is investigated over the Kotmale catchment. The ENSO phases are identified based on the 0.5°C sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly over Nino 3 region. The study has brought out few stations showing increasing and a few decreasing seasonal rainfall trends for JJAS season, while there is no change in the annual rainfall for the catchment. Monthly and seasonal rainfall of all the selected stations showed negative correlation with the sea surface temperature (SST) over the Nino-3 region index during JJAS season with varying magnitudes. During the warm phase of ENSO, below average rainfall is prominent for JJAS season over many stations. The rainfall especially during early September showed a significant below average rainfall during the warm ENSO phase. The seasonal rainfall during neutral and cold ENSO phases does not experience similar significant changes as seen during warm ENSO phase. Inflow of the Kotmale reservoir shows decreasing trend for the period of 1960–2005 in the observation from all stations collectively.</P>
An unusual cause for trismus caused by mandibular coronoid osteoma : a case report
Shirin Vashishth,Kanika Garg,Venkatraman Sreenivasan 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2013 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.43 No.1
Osteoma is a dense bony proliferation of otherwise normal membranous bone. This tumor is essentially restricted to the craniofacial skeleton and is rarely diagnosed in other bones. The mandible and the paranasal sinuses are the most common sites, while the involvement of the coronoid process has been reported in only 6 cases so far. This report demonstrated a case of osteoma occurring at the mandibular coronoid process in a 26-year-old female patient. The patient was managed with surgical resection of the osteoma followed by physiotherapy.