Planning Aspects of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy and Intensity Modulated Radio therapy in Carcinoma Left Breast - A Comparative Study

Ekambaram, Varadharajan,Velayudham, Ramasubramanian,Swaminathan, Shiyama,Loganathan, Padmanabhan,Swaminathan, Vijaya Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.4

Background: The advantages of Rapid Arc plans versus Intensity modulated radiotherapy plans for Carcinoma left breast were analyzed. Materials and Methods: In this study 20 Post mastectomy carcinoma left breast patients were analyzed. Both Intensity modulated Radiotherapy and Rapid Arc plans were generated for these patients. IMRT plans with 7 beams in an arc fashion and VMAT plans with two semi arcs were made to achieve 95% dose coverage to 100% volume. The plans were evaluated using Dose volume Histograms. Results: The mean Conformity and Homogeneity index in VMAT is found to be 1.05 and 0.065 respectively whereas in IMRT it was 1.07 and 0.069. The 20% volume of Heart received a mean dose of 960cGy in VMAT and 1300cGy in IMRT. The mean dose was 1236cGy in VMAT and 1870cGy in IMRT. The ipsilateral Lung received 3395cGy to 5% volume and 1840cGy to 20% volume on an average and the mean dose was 1205cGy in VMAT, while the same were found to be 3525cGy, 2012cGy and 1435cGy respectively in IMRT. The Contralateral Lung received a mean dose of 505cGy in VMAT and 553cGy in IMRT. The mean Monitor units in VMAT were 512MU and 1170MU in IMRT. The NTID in VMAT is $108.8{\times}10^5Gycm^3$ and $110.1{\times}10^5Gycm^3$ in IMRT. Conclusions: The target coverage, homogeneity and Conformity index were better in VMAT plans. The Ipsilateral Lung and heart dose were very less in VMAT plans. The Contralateral Lung dose and the Normal Tissue Integral Dose were also lesser in VMAT plans however the difference is not very appreciable. The MU in VMAT plans is almost 50% that of the IMRT plans which results in the reduction of treatment time. On the whole VMAT proves to be a better modality for treating Ca. Left Breast Patients.

Optimisation of culture conditions for gesho (Rhamnus prinoides.L) callus differentiation using Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA) Techniques

Dejene Minilu,Palnivel Hemalatha,Senthamarai Heeravathi,Varadharajan Venkatramanan,Prabhu S. Venkatesa,Yeshitila Alazar,Benor Solomon,Shah Shipra 한국응용생명화학회 2023 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.66 No.-

Gesho (Rhamnus prinoides) is a medicinal plant with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities commonly used in the ethnomedicinal systems of Africa. Using a three-layer neural network, four culture conditions viz., concentration of agar, duration of light exposure, temperature of culture, and relative humidity were used to calculate the callus differentiation rate of gesho. With the ability to quickly identify optimal solutions using high-speed computers, synthetic neural networks have emerged as a rapid, reliable, and accurate fitting technique. They also have the self-directed learning capability that is essential for accurate prediction. The network's final architecture for four selected variables and its performance has been confirmed with high correlation coefficient (R2, 0.9984) between the predicted and actual outputs and the root-mean-square error of 0.0249, were developed after ten-fold cross validation as the training function. In vitro research had been conducted using the genetic algorithm’s suggestions for the optimal culture conditions. The outcomes demonstrated that the actual gesho differentiation rate was 93.87%, which was just 1.86% lesser than the genetic algorithm's predicted value. The projected induced differentiation rate was 87.62%, the actual value was 84.79%, and the predicted value was 2.83% higher than Response Surface Methods optimisation. The environment for the growth of plant tissue can be accurately and efficiently optimised using a genetic algorithm and an artificial neural network. Further biological investigations will presumably utilise this technology.

Screening for the 3' UTR Polymorphism of the PXR Gene in South Indian Breast Cancer Patients and its Potential role in Pharmacogenomics

Revathidevi, Sundaramoorthy,Sudesh, Ravi,Vaishnavi, Varadharajan,Kaliyanasundaram, Muthukrishnan,MaryHelen, Kilyara George,Sukanya, Ganesan,Munirajan, Arasambattu Kannan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.8

Background: Breast cancer, the commonest cancer among women in the world, ranks top in India with an incidence rate of 1,45,000 new cases and mortality rate of 70,000 women every year. Chemotherapy outcome for breast cancer is hampered due to poor response and irreversible dose-dependent cardiotoxicity which is determined by genetic variations in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Pregnane X receptor (PXR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, induces expression of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters leading to regulation of xenobiotic metabolism. Materials and Methods: A genomic region spanning PXR 3' UTR was amplified and sequenced using genomic DNA isolated from 96 South Indian breast cancer patients. Genetic variants observed in our study subjects were queried in miRSNP to establish SNPs that alter miRNA binding sites in PXR 3' UTR. In addition, enrichment analysis was carried out to understand the network of miRNAs and PXR in drug metabolism using DIANA miRpath and miRwalk pathway prediction tools. Results: In this study, we identified SNPs rs3732359, rs3732360, rs1054190, rs1054191 and rs6438550 in the PXR 3; UTR region. The SNPs rs3732360, rs1054190 and rs1054191 were located in the binding site of miR-500a-3p, miR-532-3p and miR-374a-3p resulting in the altered PXR level due to the deregulation of post-transcriptional control and this leads to poor treatment response and toxicity. Conclusions: Genetic variants identified in PXR 3' UTR and their effects on PXR levels through post-transcriptional regulation provide a genetic basis for interindividual variability in treatment response and toxicity associated with chemotherapy.

Three Dimensional Bioprinting for Hepatic Tissue Engineering: From In Vitro Models to Clinical Applications

Kasturi Meghana,Mathur Vidhi,Gadre Mrunmayi,Srinivasan Varadharajan,Vasanthan Kirthanashri S. 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2024 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.21 No.1

Fabrication of functional organs is the holy grail of tissue engineering and the possibilities of repairing a partial or complete liver to treat chronic liver disorders are discussed in this review. Liver is the largest gland in the human body and plays a responsible role in majority of metabolic function and processes. Chronic liver disease is one of the leading causes of death globally and the current treatment strategy of organ transplantation holds its own demerits. Hence there is a need to develop an in vitro liver model that mimics the native microenvironment. The developed model should be a reliable to understand the pathogenesis, screen drugs and assist to repair and replace the damaged liver. The three-dimensional bioprinting is a promising technology that recreates in vivo alike in vitro model for transplantation, which is the goal of tissue engineers. The technology has great potential due to its precise control and its ability to homogeneously distribute cells on all layers in a complex structure. This review gives an overview of liver tissue engineering with a special focus on 3D bioprinting and bioinks for liver disease modelling and drug screening.

Clinical and immunological responses to COVID-19 vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis patients on disease modifying antirheumatic drugs: a cross-sectional study

( Madhavi Eerike ),( Vijaya Prasanna Parimi ),( Anand Pyati ),( Raja Sundaramurthy ),( Varadharajan Sakthivadivel ),( Aswini Bramarambika Pidugu ),( Bhavana Surapareddy ),( Naga Tejaswini Ramineni ),( 대한류마티스학회 2024 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the immunological and clinical response to COVID-19 vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among RA patients who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccine within 6 months to one year. Demographic information, comorbidities, vaccination details, and past COVID-19 infection details were collected. Hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were estimated. Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28) was calculated for RA patients. Anti-spike antibody (ASA) concentrations were measured, and compared with a healthy control population. Correlations of ASA with age, sex, disease parameters, medication use, and comorbidities were assessed. Results: A total of 103 RA patients and 185 controls were included in the study. RA patients had higher mean age, lower mean Hb, higher ESR, and elevated IL-6 levels. Both groups showed positive results for anti-spike antibodies, with a higher percentage in controls. Among RA patients majority had low DAS-28 score. The number of DMARDs used showed a negative correlation with antibody levels. There was a slight positive correlation between ASA concentration and DAS-28 score. Comorbidities did not significantly influence antibody concentration. No significant differences were found in antibody levels based on the type of COVID-19 vaccine or previous COVID-19 infection or booster dose vaccination among RA patients. Conclusion: The study revealed that RA patients showed a reduced antibody response following COVID-19 vaccination compared to the control group and potentially influenced by immunosuppressive treatments and disease-related factors.

Discovery of potential aldose reductase inhibitors using in silico docking studies

Madeswaran, Arumugam,Umamaheswari, Muthuswamy,Asokkumar, Kuppusamy,Sivashanmugam, Thirumalaisamy,Subhadradevi, Varadharajan,Jagannath, Puliyath 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.2

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the aldose reductase inhibitory activity of flavonoids using in silico docking studies. In this perspective, flavonoids like Apigenin, Baicalin, Daidzein, Epigallocatechin, Galangin, Genistein, Hesperitin, Naringenin, and Scopoletin were selected. Epalrestat, a known aldose reductase inhibitor was used as the standard. In silico docking studies were carried out using AutoDock 4.2, based on the Lamarckian genetic algorithm principle. In the docking studies, three important parameters like binding energy, inhibition constant and intermolecular energy were determined. The results showed that all the selected flavonoids showed binding energy ranging between -9.91 kcal/mol to -7.52 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard (-8.73 kcal/mol). Intermolecular energy (-11.40 kcal/mol to -8.71 kcal/mol) and inhibition constant (54.78 nM to $3.10{\mu}M$) of the flavonoids also coincide with the binding energy. All the selected flavonoids contributed aldose reductase inhibitory activity because of its functional groups. These molecular docking analyses could lead to the further development of potent aldose reductase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes.

Biosorption potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum biomass for chromium (VI) removal: isolation, characterization, and significance of growth limiting factors

Kerga Gizachew Assefa,Shibeshi Nurelegne Tefera,Prabhu Sundramurthy Venkatesa,Varadharajan Venkatramanan,Yeshitla Alazar 한국응용생명화학회 2023 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.66 No.-

Chromium (VI) is known to be harmful element that commonly found industrial waste, mining activities, and wastewater discharges from various industries. When released into the environment, Cr (VI) can contaminate soil, water, and air, posing a serious threat to living organisms. Aiming to Cr decontamination, this work was framed to isolate the fungal species having high Cr tolerance capacity and to exploit as bio-sorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by biosorption. Among the fungal species isolated from the Cr (VI) contaminated soil sample, the filamentous fungus of Ophiocordycipitaceae family, Purpureocillium lilacinum was identified using molecular sequencing technique, showed maximum tolerance against Cr (VI) with a tolerance index of 1.19 ± 0.23. Further, Plackett Burman Design was applied to investigate for ascertaining the significance of different carbon and nitrogen sources on P. lilacinus growth, as well as the influence of environmental factors, such as pH, temperature, and Cr (VI) concentration. The results explicated that glucose was the most preferred carbon source for P. lilacinus, while yeast extract was the most preferred for nitrogen source. The optimum pH value and temperature were found to be 6.0 and 26 °C, respectively. In addition, P. lilacinus isolate was identified to survive in high concentrations of Cr (VI), indicating its potential for employing effective bioremediation of chromium-contaminated site.

In silico docking studies of phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity of commercially available flavonoids

Madeswaran, Arumugam,Umamaheswari, Muthuswamy,Asokkumar, Kuppusamy,Sivashanmugam, Thirumalaisamy,Subhadradevi, Varadharajan,Jagannath, Puliyath 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.4

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity of flavonoids using in silico docking studies. In this perspective, flavonoids like Apigenin, Baicalin, Chrysin, Genistein, Scopoletin and Caffeine were selected. Caffeine, a known phosphodiesterase inhibitor was used as the standard. In silico docking studies were carried out using AutoDock 4.2, based on the Lamarckian genetic algorithm principle. In the docking studies, three important parameters like binding energy, inhibition constant and intermolecular energy were determined. The results showed that all the selected flavonoids showed binding energy ranging between -7.59 kcal/mol to -5.66 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard (-4.77 kcal/mol). Inhibition constant (2.72 ${\mu}M$ to 71.03 ${\mu}M$) and intermolecular energy (-8.49 kcal/mol to -6.26 kcal/mol) of the flavonoids were coincide with the binding energy. All the selected flavonoids contributed phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity because of its functional groups. These molecular docking analyses could lead to the further development of potent phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.