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Sung-Wook Kim,서동화,Vadam Ganesh Kumar,Young-Uk Park,Jinsoo Kim,김해겸,Jongsoon Kim,Jihyun Hong,Kisuk Kang 대한금속·재료학회 2011 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.7 No.2
LiMn_(1.88)Ge_(0.1)Li_(0.02)O_4 cathode material is investigated with the aim of improving the electrochemical performance of spinel LiMn_2O_4 by substituting stoichiometric Ge and Li into Mn sites. While the formal oxidation number of Mn ions is still + 3.5 after doping, it is expected that the difference in electronegativity between Mn and Ge induces a local change in the bonding nature of Mn-O that in turn increases the effective oxidation state of Mn ions. The increase in the effective oxidation state results in a reduction of Mn dissolution, thus providing structural stability and cyclability. The bulk-synthesized LiMn_(1.88)Ge_(0.1)Li_(0.02)O_4 exhibits capacity retention of 63% of the first cycle capacity (124 mAh/g) after 100 cycles at 1C while LiMn_2O_4 exhibits only 44% retention.