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Vũ Đường Luân 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2016 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.20
This article analyzes territorial disputes and political relationships at the border between China and Vietnam from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. Predominant Western scholarship argues that, owing to the tributary relationship among states and polities, there was no territorial boundary in premodern Asia; furthermore, it suggests, the concept of the “geo-body” of a nation or sovereign state only arose with the transfer of new mapping technology from Europe. This article argues instead that the absence of lines of demarcation on Vietnamese and Chinese maps before the late nineteenth century does not connote a lack of consciousness of the existence of borders. The quest for autonomy throughout history by local communities living between China and Vietnam gave rise to border conflicts, which led to the intervention by and expansion of these two states, as well as negotiations and territorial division between them. The transformation of the China-Vietnam border from a premodern to a modern form thus did not depend solely on its cartographic representation; it also involved the power of the state to control space. Additionally, this article demonstrates that tensions over the border did not simply involve central governments but often resulted from a combination of local conflicts and the complicated relations between local actors and the state. The article suggests a new approach to exploring the history of state borders from the perspective of local people, in which the “in-between communities” are not seen as passive objects of border demarcation but are also a driving force in the establishment of a frontier. While the “in-between communities” discussed in this article were behind conflicts over land and its division into national territories, their manipulations of ethnic identity and transgressive mobility also helped blur the border between the two countries.
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Vietnam at the Khmer Frontier: Boundary Politics, 1802–1847
Vũ Đức Liêm 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2016 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.20
This article addresses the challenging spatial organization of Nguyễn Vietnam: the binary relationship between civilizational expansion and the construction of a state boundary at the Khmer frontier. It examines the process whereby the Vietnamese moved southwest into the Khmer world and territorialized a contested terrain as part of a civilizational and imperial project. The process employed the state’s administrative infrastructure and cultural institutions to erase ethnic, political, and cultural diversity in the lower Mekong. This article argues that Vietnamese expansion was not simply an attempt to carry out the will of heaven and Confucian cultural responsibility; rather, it was a search for peripheral security and a response to regional competition. In fact, the seesawing between civilizational mission and territorial consolidation confused the Nguyễn bureaucracy with regard to Cambodia’s political and cultural status and affected Hue’s frontier management. As a result, the Vietnam-Cambodia boundary was the object of frequent shifts and negotiations. Only after facing Siamese invasion and experiencing fierce Khmer resistance did the Vietnamese court gradually replace its civilizational perspective with a more practical approach to border management, out of which emerged the modern borderline.
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Vũ Đường Luân 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2014 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.11
This article, part of a longer study of the history of mining in Vietnam, argues that the Nông Văn Vân uprising (1833–1835) in the northern uplands of Vietnam brings into relief the importance of mining in the Vietnamese economy of the nineteenth century. It also highlights the consequences of Emperor Minh Mệnh’s dual agenda of extracting more tax revenues from mining operations and expanding the reach of the state by replacing hereditary tribal chieftains with imperial bureaucrats. While the uprising was quelled, the imperial agenda could not be fully realized in the face of local opposition and declining revenue from mining. The uprising reflected the multiethnic nature of border society, composed as it was of Vietnamese, local minority populations, and a significant number of Chinese mine owners, workers, and providers of goods and services to the mining towns. In ordinary times, the border was regularly flouted as kinship relations, trading networks, and ethnic affinity transcended allegiance to either the Qing or the Nguyễn in this borderland. Although the uprising was formally contained within the Vietnamese territory, rebels were able to seek refuge and recruit new adherents in China. And while the Nguyễn court was eventually able to subdue the rebels, its centralizing policies and attempts at extracting more revenues from mining were ultimately unsuccessful in the face of reemerging local and transborder forces.
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Cell cycle arrest mediated by WEE1 is involved in the unfolded protein response in plants
고기성,유재용,Nirmal Kumar Ramasamy,RIKNOHARMOKO,Bích Ngọc Thị Vũ,박지예,이균오 한국식물생명공학회 2018 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.12 No.5
Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in mammalian cells leads to cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase (Thomas et al., J Biol Chem 288:7606–7617, 2013). However, how UPR signaling affects cell cycle arrest remains largely unknown in plants. Here, we examined UPR and endoreduplication in Col-0, wee1, and ER stress sensing-deficient ire1a&b plants during DNA replication and ER stress conditions. We found that WEE1, an essential negative regulator of the cell cycle, is involved in the maintenance of ER homeostasis during genotoxic stress and the ER stress hypersensitivity of ire1a&b is alleviated by loss-of-function mutation in WEE1. WEE1-mediated cell cycle arrest was required for IRE1–bZIP60 pathway activation during ER stress. In contrast, loss-of-function mutation in WEE1 caused increased expression of UPR-related genes during DNA replication stress. WEE1 and IRE1 were required for endoreduplication during DNA replication stress and ER stress, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that cell cycle regulation is associated with UPR activation in different manners during ER stress and DNA replication stress in Arabidopsis.
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Customized N-glycosylation for the production of glucocerebrosidase in Arabidopsis
이균오,Ki Seong Ko,Jae Yong Yoo,Bích Ngọc Thị Vũ,Ji Ye Park 한국당과학회 2021 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.01
Plants and plant cells are evolving with improved safety and production as attractive options for biopharmaceutical production. A significant barrier to the development of biopharmaceuticals in plants, however, lies in the fact that plant-derived N-glycans contain plant-specific sugar residues such as β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose bound to the pentasaccharide core (Man3GlcNAc2) as well as β1,3-galactose and α1,4-fucose involved in the formation of Lewis a (Lea) epitope that may cause allergic reactions in humans. Additionally, sugar residues such as α1,6-fucose, β1,4-galactose, and α2,6-sialic acid, which are believed to play important roles in biopharmaceutical action, storage, distribution, and half-life, are missing from the naturally occurring N-glycans in plants. To use plant cells as a means of producing biopharmaceuticals, it is essential to produce plants which contain N-glycan compatible with biopharmaceuticals. However, the structure of N-glycans appears to be related to hormone signalling and how the structure of N-glycans altered during glycoengineering influences plant production is still uncertain. Here, we suggest a strategy for producing customized N-glycans in plants and the related technological barriers.
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