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La Dinàmica de la Cooperación Triangular
Carlos Uscanga,Lesly Viridiana Melo Campos 한국라틴아메리카학회 2012 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.25 No.3
This article aims to outline the importance of international cooperation-specifically triangular cooperation- as this new cooperative form has been gaining popularity in the last few years. Triangular cooperation endeavors to improve aid programs" effectiveness and provide a new method for cooperation among traditional actors. We develop programs and projects for International Cooperation for Development and for Official Development Assistance. We describe how these can be used as tools to facilitate growth in developing countries and how donors and receptors can carry out programs and projects in a triangular method that produce mutual benefits. In this paper, we explore how a net donor country provides technical or financial resources to a relatively less developed country, typically a middle-income country. This latter country then acts as a mediator or bridge to conduct programs, projects, or actions in another receptor country. This scenario is known as triangular cooperation, and in order to identify its advantage and disadvantages, we analyze the performance of South Korea as a donor country and Mexico as a mediator or bridge country. In the field of international cooperation, both Mexico and South Korea perform highly and complementarily, and if they work together in a triangular cooperation form, both can play a better and more meaningful role in international scenarios. Both countries can deploy actions -under the principle of co-responsibility- in different fields, sharing experiences related to issues in small and medium enterprises, rehabilitation and administration of water resources, and disaster relief. All these topics and others can be benefited in third countries that are mainly located in Central America and the Caribbean region. This region is an important area as well: for Mexico, it contains historic and traditional partnerships, and for Korea, the region represents a new area where Korea can find allies for its international plans and also fortify the relationships that it already has. Finally, we suggest that Mexico in the international cooperation field will be a net receptor country and an emerging donor with substantial experience in triangular cooperation.
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Effects of Oxygen and Nutrients on Xylitol and Ethanol Production in Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolyzates
Juan Francisco Castañón-Rodríguez,José Antonio Portilla-Arias,María Guadalupe Aguilar-Uscanga,Blanca R. Aguilar-Uscanga 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.4
The influence of oxygen and nutrient supplementation on xylitol and ethanol production in a synthetic medium and sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzates using Candida tropicalis IEC5-ITV and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ITV01- RD was investigated for evaluation of bioconversion of pentoses and hexoses present in the lignocellulosic biomass. The best oxygen transfer rate (56.05 mg of O2/L/h) and xylitol and ethanol yields (0.67 and 0.47 g/g, respectively) were obtained in a synthetic medium. A yeast extract had a positive effect on xylitol and ethanol production (0.64 and 0.44 g/g, respectively) at a concentration of 1 g/L. C. tropicalis and S. cerevisiae exhibited not previously observed morphological changes depending on the nutrient composition. Use of sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzates requires a good supply of oxygen and addition of a yeast extract to improve xylitol and ethanol production.
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Un balance preliminar de nueve años de política exterior de México (2006-2015): continuidad y cambio
David García Contreras,·Carlos Uscanga 부산외국어대학교 중남미지역원 2016 이베로아메리카 Vol.18 No.2
This article analyzes the last nine years of Mexico's foreign policy including the government of Felipe Calderon Hinojosa and the first half of Enrique Peña Nieto. During that period they can be studied comparatively aspects of continuity and change, as well as internal factors (social violence, legitimacy and fight against organized crime) which have been included in the design of international strategies and margins of maneuver both governments in the international arena. El presente artículo analiza los últimos nueve años de la política exterior de México que incluye el gobierno de Felipe Calderón Hinojosa y la primera mitad de Enrique Peña Nieto. Durante ese periodo pueden ser estudiados de manera comparativa los aspectos de continuidad y cambio, así como los factores internos (violencia social, legitimidad y lucha contra el crimen organizado) que han influido en el diseño de las estrategias internacionales y en los márgenes de maniobra de ambos gobiernos en el ámbito internacional
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Un Balance Preliminar De Nueve Años De Política Exterior De México (2006-2015) : Continuidad
David García Contreras,Carlos Uscanga 부산외국어대학교 이베로아메리카연구소 2016 이베로아메리카 Vol.18 No.2
This article analyzes the last nine years of Mexico's foreign policy including the government of Felipe Calderon Hinojosa and the first half of Enrique Peña Nieto. During that period they can be studied comparatively aspects of continuity and change, as well as internal factors (social violence, legitimacy and fight against organized crime) which have been included in the design of international strategies and margins of maneuver both governments in the international arena.
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Cardenas-Rodriguez, N.,Lara-Padilla, E.,Bandala, C.,Lopez-Cruz, J.,Uscanga-Carmona, C.,Lucio-Monter, P.F.,Floriano-Sanchez, E. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3
Breast cancer (BCa) is the leading type of cancer in Mexican women. Genetic factors, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of P450 system, have been reported in BCa. In this report, and for the first time in the literature, we analyzed the rs3735684 (7021 G>A), rs11553651 (15016 G>T) and rs56195291 (60020 C>G) polymorphisms in the CYP2W1, 4F11 and 8A1 genes in patients with BCa and in healthy Mexican women to identify a potential association between these polymorphisms and BCa risk. Patients and controls were used for polymorphism analysis using an allelic discrimination assay with TaqMan probes and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Links with clinic-pathological characteristics were also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the standard ${\chi}^2$ or Fisher exact test statistic. No significant differences were observed in the distributions of CYP2W1 (OR 8.6, 95%CI 0.43-172.5 P>0.05; OR 2.0, 95%CI 0.76-5.4, P>0.05) and CYP4F11 (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.01-8.4 P>0.05) genotypes between the patients and controls. Only the CYP8A1 CC genotype was detected in patients with BCa and the controls. All polymorphism frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in the controls (P>0.05). We found a significant association between BCa risk and smoking, use of oral contraceptives or hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), obesity, hyperglycemia, chronic diseases, family history of cancer and menopausal status in the population studied (P<0.05). Tobacco, oral contraceptive or HRT, chronic diseases and obesity or overweight were strongly associated with almost eight, thirty-five, nine and five-fold increased risk for BCa. Tobaco, obesity and hyperglycemia significantly increased the risk of BCa in the patients carrying variant genotypes of CYP2W1 (P<0.05). These results indicate that the CYP2W1 rs3735684, CYP4F11 rs11553651 and CYP8A1 rs56195291 SNPs are not a key risk factor for BCa in Mexican women. This study did not detect an association between the CYP2W1, 4F11 and 8A1 genes polymorphisms and BCa risk in a Mexican population. However, some clinico-pathological risk factors interact with CYP2W1 genotypes and modifies susceptibility to BCa.
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