Genetic Parameters and Genetic Gains for Height Growth through Progeny Tests of Plus Trees of Pinus koraiensis

Sang Urk Han 한국산림과학회 1994 한국산림과학회지 Vol.83 No.1

Korean pine(Pinus koraiersis S. et Z.) is one of the important timber species as well as a nut producer in Korea. Since growth and seed production are the good quantitative traits suitable for breeding, the improvement plan with this species has been put into practice under selective breeding methods. This study was carried out to obtain genetic information necessary for establishing advanced-generation seed orchards, such as genetic parameters correlation coefficient, genetic gain, and efficiency of early selection. Open-pollinated cones of Korea pine were collected from 50 plus trees. After examining the cone and seeds, the seeds were sown at the spring of 1H86, test plantation were established at 3 different sites with 4-year-old seedlings. Seedling heights were measured at ages 1 to 4 in the nursery and at ages 5 to 10 in plantation. The results obtained in this study were as follows : l . There were highly significant differences among the plus trees in cone length, cone diameter, cone weight, number of seeds per cone, percent of full seeds, seed length, seed width, seed thickness, and seed weight. 2. Highly significant differences in seedling height were observed among families as well as among replications of all the ages except age 1. 3. The estimates of family heritability decreased with the age of seedlings in the nursery (0.737 for 1-year-old to 0.554 for 4-year-old) . The individual tree heritability was estimated as 0. 287-0.561. 4. There were differences in height among 3 plantations at age 10. The seedlings at Chongwon plantation showed the best mean height growth of 202.9㎝, followed by those at Chunchon plantation with mean height of 187.1㎝. The poorest were those at Hwasong with height of 170.9㎝. Therefore, it is recommended that open- pollinated progenies for this species be tested at more sites than in this study. 5. There were significant differences in height among families in 3 plantations tested. The exception was found among families at age 8 in Hwasong plantation. There were significant differences among replications and family x replication interaction at all the ages tested in 3 plantations. In the combined analysis 3 plantations significant differences were seen among families and sites. No significant differences were observed in family×site interaction at ages 8 to 10. 6. As for heritability among 3 plantation tested, Chongwon ranked the first and Hwasong the last. The heritability seemed to be dependent on the growth of seedling. In the combined analysis, both family heritability(0.610∼0.772) and individual tree heritability (0.301∼0.368) appeared to be increased with the age of seedlings. 7. The height of the progenies was negatively correlated with the number of cone and the number of seeds per cone. but positively correlated with seed length, seed thickness, and seed weight. 8. Genetic correlation (0.8364∼0.9996) was higher than phenotypic correlation(0.4495∼0.8935) among the ages. 9. If best 10 families were selected among the 50 families at the age of 10, the expected gain would be 6.9% and the realized gain be 9.8%. If 10 families of poor height growth were rogued, the expected gain would be 1.7% and the realized gain be 3.5%. 10. When 20% of the families were selected. the expected genetic gain and the realized genetic gain would be 10.7%-36.2% and 50.7%-78.7%, respectively, in the case of mass selection method. However, these would be 9.8%-31.1% and 54.6%-83.7%, respectively, under the combined selection regime. Considering the size of breeding population, the combined selection method is recommended for the advanced-generation seed orchard. 11. Genetic and phenotypic correlations based on the log of the ratio of the two ages(LAR) were expressed as simple regressions with statistical significance(r²=0.7862 and 0.8256, respectively). If the mature age of Korean pine is 20 years, the most efficient age is 3 years after planting with efficiency of 1.96.

낙엽송 자 , 웅화아의 성장특성

Sang Urk Han,Yew Heon Park,Jeong Ho Song,Yeong Bon Koo,Chang Soo Kim 한국육종학회 2001 한국육종학회지 Vol.33 No.3

수령간 상관을 이용한 잣나무 수고 생장의 조기선발 효율 추정

한상억(Sang Urk Han),이재선(Jae Seon Yi) 한국산림과학회 1995 한국산림과학회지 Vol.84 No.3

Korean white pine(Pinus koraiensis S.et Z.) is one of the important silvicultural species due to its quality timber in addition to edible pine - nut production. Selective breeding method is under progress to improve growth and nut production for this species. This study was carried out to obtain genetic information necessary for establishing advanced generation seed orchard, such as genetic parameters and efficiency of early selection. Open - pollinated cones were collected from 50 plus trees. In the spring of 1986, test plantations were established at 3 different sites with 4 - year - old seedlings. Seedling height was measured from age 5 to 10 in plantations. Genetic and phenotypic correlations based on the log of the ratio of two ages (LAK) were expressed as simple regression with statistical significance(r²=0.7862 and 0.8256, respectively). If 20 years is presumed to mature, the most efficient age for early selection is 3 years after planting with efficiency of 1.96.

해송 채종원에서 개화특성의 클론 변이

한상억(Sang Urk Han),최완용(Wan Yong Choi),장경환(Kyong Hwan Chang),김태수(Tae Su Kim),송정호(Jeong Ho Song) 한국산림과학회 2001 한국산림과학회지 Vol.90 No.6

This study was conducted in an attempt to quantify some traits that may be involved in the reproductive process of Pinus thunbergii. During the past 6 years (1995-2000), we surveyed flowering patterns of 60 P. thunbergii clones in a seed orchard which was established in Anmyon-do, 1979. From this survey, we estimated clonal contributions of male and female flowers and sexual asymmetry. Among 60 clones, 18 clones (30%) accounted for 0.37 (1999)-0.46 (1995) of clonal contribution in female flowers and 0.44 (1999)-0.57 (1995) of clonal contribution in male flowers. As compared with the previous reports in other pine species, more clones made contributions to reproductive process in P. thunbergh seed orchard. The relative effective population numbers for females (v_♀) varied from 0.59 (1995) to 0.91 (1999) and those for males (v_♀) were between 0.56 (1995) and 0.83 (1998) at gamete level. This showed that the female gametes effectively contribute to the reproductive process more than did the male gametes. The relative effective population numbers at clonal level (v_♀) were in the range of 0.72 (1995) and 0.93 (1999). More than 73% of the total clones showed values of 0.4-0.6 (0.5±0.1) in maleness index. The values averaged over all the clones were temporally variable with the range of 73% in 1996 and 100% in 2000. The degree of sexual asymmetry (A_s) ranged from 0.09 to 0.26. These values were relatively low when compared with those of other trees, suggesting that P. thunbergii seed orchard remains a high level of homogeneity in the number of male and female. All of the various types of effective population numbers were positively correlated with each other while they were negatively correlated with the degree of sexual asymmetry.

Determination of age-age correlation and optimum selection age through juvenile selection efficiency in pinus densiflora S. et Z.

한상억(Sang Urk Han),손성인(Sung In Sohn),김종한(Jong Han Kim),전계상(Gae Sang Jhun) 한국육종학회 1991 한국육종학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Open-pollinated progeny test was established with 58 families of Pinus densiflora plus trees. Heights of 1,2,5,6,8,11,13, and 14 years after planting were measured and analyzed statistically. Heritability was 0.72 at age 1 but gradually decreased to 0.15 at age 14. Genetic and phenotypic correlation based on the log of the ratio of the two ages (LAR) was expressed as simple regression with statistical significance (r²=0.8617, 0.8573). Genetic age-age correlation was bit lower than phenotypic age-age correlation. When the mature age of P. densiflora was assumed as 30 years best efficient selection age was 11 years after planting with efficiency (E) of 1.23.

Age-age correlation for height growth of open-pollinated progenies of pinus koraiensis in relation to their cone and seed characteristics

한상억(Sang Urk Han),이재선(Jae Seon Yi) 한국육종학회 1996 한국육종학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Korean white pine(Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.) is one of the important timber species as well as a pine nut producer in Korea. This study was carried out to obtain genetic information including genetic parameters and correlation coefficients. Open-pollinated cones and seeds from 50 plus trees were examined; seedling height was measured at ages 1 to 4 in the nursery; and tree height was measured at ages 5 to 10 in three plantations. The negative correlation was found between the number of seeds per cone and the other seed characteristics, and between the number of cones and all the other characteristics except the number of seeds per cone and cone weight. Seed weight showed highly positive correlation with other seed characteristics, e. g., length, width, and thickness, and some cone characteristics like diameter and weight. The seedling height in the nursery showed highly positive correlation with cone diameter and weight and seed length, weight, width, and thickness. The height in the test plantations showed negative correlation with the number of cones and the number of seeds per cone, but highly positive correlation with seed length, thickness, and weight. The height in the test plantations showed low correlation with the 1st-year height, but highly positive one with the 2nd- to 4th-year height in the nursery. The genetic correlation coefficient was 0.8364~1.0000; and the phenotypic correlation coefficient was 0.4495~0.8935.

A comparison in physiological responses and photoinhibition tolerance between superior and inferior families of Pinus densiflora under drought condition

Chang-Young Oh,Sang-Urk Han 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07

This study was conducted to figure out the differences in physiological responses, e.g. growth, photosynthetic activity and water potential, and photoinhibition tolerance in photosystem between superior and inferior families of Pinus densiflora under drought condition. Superior which is KW85 and inferior which is KW40 families were selected using progeny test results of height growth. In 2007, seeds were collected from seed orchard. In 2008, seedlings were produced and cultivated, and from April 2009 drought treatment was started with shading treatment and plants were harvested in Sept. 2009. There was no significant difference in height growth between families. In case of leaf water potential, KW85 showed higher water potential under drought condition. But there was no significant difference in drought with shading treatment. There was no difference in photosynthetic rate but stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of KW85 showed lower value than KW40. So water use efficiency of KW85 showed higher value in every treatment. Non-photochemical quenching of KW40 showed higher value in drought treatment, but there was no significant difference in control and drought with shading treatment. Xanthophyll cycle pool size of KW85 showed higher value in drought treatment, but in drought with shading treatment KW40 showed higher value. Selected superior family showed higher drought tolerance according to water use efficiency, and it also has effective non-photochemical quenching ability. In contrast inferior family respond more sensitively in photoinhibition under drought condition.

소나무 , 해송 및 리기다소나무에 있어서 건전엽과 (健全葉) 솔잎혹파리 피해엽의 생화학적 물질비교

한상억,이돈구,전상근 ( Sang Urk Han,Don Koo Lee,Sang Keun Chon ) 한국산림과학회 1980 한국산림과학회지 Vol.50 No.1

Monoterpenes, phenolic substances, growth substances and total nitrogen from normal needles and infested needles attacked by Thecodiplosis japonensis were compared for Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii and Pinus rigida. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. Major monoterpene components in P. densiflora needles were β-phellandrene, α-pinene and those in P. rigida needles were β-pinene and α-pinene. In P. rigida resistant to this insect, infested needles showed higher α-pinene, β-pinene and myrcene but lower camphene, limonene and β-phellandrene than normal needles. 2. Orcinol, catechol ferulic acid, salicylic acid and five unknowns were detected in P. rigida needles whereas orcinol, catechol, ferulic acid and four unknowns in P. densiflora needles. 3. Tryptophan, a precursor of IAA, was detected in larvae and also in gall tissues of both P. densiflora and P. thunbergii needles. This fact shows that growth substances may involve in gall formation by Thecodiplosis japonensis. 4. Total nitrogen contents per unit needle weight were neither significantly different between P. densiflora and P. rigida, nor between normal and infested needles.

Comparison Analysis of Healthful Nutritions and Anti-Oxidants in the Acorn of Nine Kinds of Oak Trees

Donghwan Shim(심동환),Sang Urk Han(한상억),Il Hwan Lee(이일환),Jinjoong Kim(김진중),Youngki Park(박영기) 한국약용작물학회 2017 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.1

참나무류 종실 9종의 영양성분 및 항산화 기능성 물질 비교 분석

Donghwan Shim,Sang Urk Han,Il Hwan Lee,Jinjoong Kim,Youngki Park 한국약용작물학회 2017 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2017 No.05

Background : Native oak tree species dominated the deciduous forests of South Korea. The acorns of them represent the main food source for wildlife species as well as human being, and they have 28 species. We analyzed and compared to the antioxidants including total phenolics and functional nutrients components among the acorns of nine kinds of oak trees (Quercus acutissima, Q. aliena, Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. serrata, Q, palustris, Q. rubra, Q. glauca, and Q. acuta). Methods and Results : Acorns were collected from each tree species, which were grown in a seed orchard. Contents of both total phenolic content (TPC) in acorns of Q. serrata were higher than others. Interestingly, Q. serrata contained the highest amount of water soluble tannins and the lowest levels of water insoluble tannins among 9 oak species, resulting that acorns of Q. serrata had the lowest proportion of insoluble tannins. Among 9 oak species tested, Q. aliena acorns contained the highest levels of total flavonoids content (TFC). Conclusion : Our result showed that nutritional composition of acorns was significantly different between oak species, indicating that tastes or nutritional values might be different as well among major oak species in Korea.