HBR과 결합된 간헐폭기공정에 의한 도시하수의 영양소제거 특성

조남운,임봉수,손동훈 대전대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.11 No.1

In this study, the characteristics of organics and nutrient removal from municipal wastewater with various operation conditions using modified intermittent aeration combined with HBR process was investigated. This system was operated with HRT of 10hr at COD/N 1.96, COD/P 75.3, sludge recycle of 50% to 100% and 18℃ to 25℃. It has been the best operating condition to control, Oxic/Anoxic time ratio setting rate has been set 40min/20min and 100% of sludge recycle, under the conditions such as 2hr HRT at the anoxic reactor, 6hr HRT at the aeration tank. In that conditions, the removal efficiency of BOD, COD, T-N and T-P were 97.5%, 91.7%, 75% and 76.2%, respectively. The SNR(Specific Nitrification Rate) was 3.213mgNH4-N/gMv/hr and the SDNR(Specific Dinitrification Rate) was 4.5mg NO3-N/gMv/hr. T-P removal efficiency is due to biological phosphorus removal and formation of chemical precipitates by pellet. The performance of wasted sludge dewatering in this process is better than wasted activated sludge.

대전 3ㆍ4 산업단지 주변의 하천수 및 지하수오염 실태조사

조남운,김태응,손동훈,임봉수 대전대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of surface water and groundwater near the Daejeon 3.4 industrial complex. In the case of surface water quality as considered by BOD, the water quality of the Hyun-do Bridge in Kum river was suitable to the class II (less than 3mg/L) of environmental standard for the river. The water quality of Bool-lo Dong in Kum river after joins Kab stream was class III (less than 6mg/L) and the water quality of Kab-chun Bridge was over class V as over about 8mg/L(less than 10mg/L). In the result for the groundwater at Wit-mal, the NO3-N concentration was average 14.6mg/L and maximum 23.4mg/L that was about twice more than the drinking water quality standard regulations(10mg/L). In other points, the groundwater quality was inadequate to the standard for a few items.

강섬유로 보강한 재생골재 콘코리트의 강도특성

구봉근,김창운,류택은,이재범,류연종,이현석 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2002 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the strength characterstics of steel fiber reinforced recycled aggregate concrete. Test specimens were prepared with compressive, split tensile, flexural specimens and tested by ultimate strength. A superplasticizer and fly-ash were added to the mix to improve performance of recycled concrete. Test-variables are substitution of recycled aggregate(0, 30, 50%), steel fiber length(0, 30, 50, 60mm), steel fiber content(0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5%). Test-specimen were classified by test-variables. The experimental results on the various engineering properties of steel fiber reinforced recycled aggregate concrete using waste concrete are summarized as follows. It was found that the compressive and split tensile strength were proportionally affected by quantities of recycled aggregate substitutions, but flexural strength wasn't. The maximum compressive strength was 392 kgf/㎠( series 4 : R30 L30 V1.0 A20 ), the maximun split tensile strength was 40 kgf/㎠( series 7 : R30 L30 V1.5 A20) and the maximum flexural strength was 62 kgf/㎠( series 7 : R30 L30 V1.5 A20 ).

한국인의 저승사자와 환생 이야기

이은봉 西江大學校 宗敎硏究所 2000 韓國宗敎硏究 Vol.2 No.-

영양교육이 체중조절 프로그램에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구

장은재,임경아,한용봉 한국식품영양학회 1999 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

영양교육이 체중조절에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 여대생을 대상으로 영양교육을 시킨 그룹과 시키지 않은 그룹으로 나누어 8주간 체중조절 프로그램을 실시하여 체중, 체질량 지수, 체지방 비율, 표준체중 비율 등은 두 그룹 모두 유의적으로 감소하였다. 영양교육을 받은 NE group은 영양 교육을 받지 않은 DO group보다 크게 감소하였다. NE group은 8주 동안 꾸준하게 감소되는 반면, DO group은 4주 동안 감소하였지만, 스스로 조절하는 5주부터 8주 동안에는 변화가 없었다. NE group은 체중조절 프로그램이 진행되는 동안 교육의 효과로 열량 및 탄수화물, 단백질과 지방의 섭취량이 유의적으로 감소하였다. DO group은 열량 섭취량 및 탄수화물, 단백질과 지방이 처음 4주 동안 감소하였으나, 5주부터 8주 동안은 약간씩 증가하였다. 혈청 지질의 농도는 NE group이 Total-cholesterol과 LDL-cholesterol이 유의적으로 감소하였고, DP group의 triglyceride는 처음보다 유의적으로 증가되었다. 영양교육을 포함한 체중조절 프로그램은 체중, 체지방 및 혈청 지질농도를 감소시켰고, 감소 수준을 오랫동안 유지할 수 있었다. This study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education on a weight control program. The major components of nutrition education in this program, held for 8 weekly sessions, were the general nutrition information about the diets, especially low fat, high carbohydrate hypocaloric diets, methods of increasing physical activity, strategies for the maintenance of proper body weight, and other information related to the prevention of obesity. Twenty five female college students participated in this program. All subjects were randomly assigned to the Nutrition Education(NE) group or the Diet Only(DO) group. Mean energy intake of the NE group was 1,230㎉(CHO:61%, PRO:15%, FAT:24%), DO group consumed 1,472㎉(CHO:58%, PRO:16%, FAT:26%). The NE group lost 3.3±0.7㎏ of body weight. In contrast, the DO group lost 1.8±0.6㎏. The NE group experienced a significant decrease in cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol level, however, the DO group significantly increased in triglyceride. The results of this study suggest that progressive nutrition education in a weight control program might reduce body weight and serum lipids concentration.

부신 결핵에 의한 Addison씨병 1예

송치운,구본정,안봉수,전준식,안미애,이진홍,송민호,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.2

Addison's disease is a rare primary adrenal insufficient disorder resulting from chronic deficiency of adrenal cortical hormones. Clinical manefestations are generalized weakenss, weight loss, hyperpigmentation (especially sun exposed area and mucous membrane), hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, gastrointestinal symptoms (involving anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain). A 34-year-old woman has experienced slowly progressive generalized weakenss and skin pigmentation, anorexia, nausea, vomiting with ascites and diffuse abdominal pain. On the time of admission, her main clinical manifestations were anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, generalized weakness, amenorrhea, hair loss, diffuse abdominal pain revealed as Addison's disease due to bilateral adrenal tuberculosis. Her adrenal insufficient symptoms were recovered with the replacement of adrenocortical hormones and antituberculous medications. After treatment, Her skin pigmentation was decreased and menstruation was reappeared. Here we experienced one cases of Addison's disease with tuberculous peritonitis.

Aging estimation of reactor pressure vessel in the field using magnetic properties

Baek, Un Bong,Ryu, Kwon Sang,Kim, Amkee,Nahm, Seung Hoon Elsevier 2009 Journal of loss prevention in the process industri Vol.22 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Many researchers have been interested in the nondestructive measurement methods for estimating components damage in order to assure the safe service of steel structures. It is recognized that the evaluating techniques based on magnetic measurement can offer a great potential because of high susceptibility to the change of several metallurgical factors. Magnetic property such as coercive force was measured. The coercive force at room temperature monotonously increased with the increase of frequency. The correlation between the magnetic properties of used material and that of un-used material was studied. The coercive force gradient at room temperature increased with the increase of aging. Hence the estimating method using magnetic properties allows one to evaluate the extent of material aging for reactor pressure vessel.</P>

생쥐의 발정주기에 따른 자궁내막의 점액질에 관한 조직화학적 연구

조운복,김진정,김봉선,박상옥 부산대학교 1985 자연과학논문집 Vol.39 No.-

Histochemical studies to elucidate the changes of properties and composition in the endomeritum of uterine horn and body of the normal adult mice were done during proestures, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. The determination of estrus cycle was confirmed by means of the papanicolaou smear method, and the mucosubstances were stained with alcian blue pH 2.5 and 1.0, PAS, alcian blue pH 2.5-PAS, alcian blue pH 1.0-PAS, aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7-alcian blue pH 2.5, and high iron diamine-alcian blue pH 2.5 methods. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. The mucosubstances in the free surface of epithelial and glandular epithelial cells in endometrium of uterine horn and body were the mixture of acid and neutral mucins during proestrus, metestrus and diestrus. The acid mucins were the mixture of the sulfated and nonsulfated mucins, and the amount of the sulfated mucin was more prominent than nonsulfated mucin. During estrus the amount of mucosubstances was more increased than other periods of the estrus cycle. In the endomeritum of uterine horn and body, the free surface of epithelial cells contained a lot of strongly sulfated and neutral mucins, and that of glandular epithelial cells contained sulfated, nonsulfated and neutral mucins, and increased especially the amount of strongly sulfated mucin. 2. In the endometrium of uterine horn and body, the mucosubstances in the luminal substances and stroma did not show any significant charges according to eastrus cycle. The luminal substances contained a lot of neutral mucin and a a little of sulfated and nonsulfated mucins, and the stroma contained a little of neutral, sulfated and nonsulfated mucins.

중국 형이상학의 몇 가지 종합적 성격에 관하여

李恩奉 서울대학교 종교문제연구소 1997 종교와 문화 Vol.0 No.3

당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Thrombin-Antithrombin Ⅲ 및 Plasmin-α_2-Plasmin Inhibitor 복합체의 임상적 의의

김경욱,김은숙,정상수,윤수지,박우일,이준희,남수연,안철우,문병수,김경래,차봉수,송영득,임승길,이현철,허갑범 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.5

연구배경:당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해 체계의 이상경향이 있어 그 결과로 여러 혈관합병증의 발생위험이 높다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 그 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았으나, 고혈당으로 인한 혈장 단백질들의 비효소성 당화작용이나 산화성 스트레스로 인한 유리 라티칼 작용으로 응고항진이나 섬유소용해 활성의 저하를 유발하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 최근 응고 및 용해인자와 그 억제자의 복합체들의 증가가 이 상태를 비교적 예민하게 반영한다고 알려져 있다. 방법:본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자 101명과 정상 대조군 20명에서 혈장내 thrombin­antithrombin complex(TAT)와 plasmin­α₂­plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)를 측정하여 비교하고, 당뇨병 환자에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관합병증의 유무에 따른 차이와, 이미 혈관 질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 인자들간의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결과:1. 환자의 분포를 살펴보면 혈관합병증이 있는 군은 85명, 혈관합병증이 없는 군은 16명이었고, 평균연령은 각각 57.9±14.1세, 49.9±16.6세로 혈관 합병증이 있는 군에서 더 나이가 많았고, 체질량지수는 23.2±3.4㎏/㎡, 24.1±3.4㎏/㎡로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 두 군간의 혈압 및 HbA1c, 공복혈당 및 인슐린과 C­peptide, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL­콜레스테롤, Lp⒜는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 미세혈관합병증이 있는 군에서 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길었다. 2. TAT 및 PIC의 농도는 정상 대조군에서는 2.8±1.2 ng/mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/mL이었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 9.5±22.6 ng/mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/mL이었다. TAT와 PIC 모두 당뇨병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었고(p<0.001), TAT/PIC ratio는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 3. 당뇨병 환자의 혈관합병증에 따른 TAT 및 PIC, fibrinogen 농도는 합병증이 없는 군은 각각 4.1±2.4ng/mL, 362.2±272.0ng/mL, 322.7±102.4mg/mL으로 PIC와 fibrinogen의 증가를 보였으나, 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 또 대혈관 합병증군에서는 각각 6.0±4.9 ng/mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/dL이었으며 미세·대혈관 합병증군에서는 10.4±6.4 ng/mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/dL으로 TAT의 증가를 보였으나 역시 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4. 미세혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 PIC 농도가 유의하게 높았고(p=0.049), 대혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.042). 5. 총 당뇨병 환자군에서 PIC는 fibrinogen과 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.47, 0.31,-0.25), 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.67). 결론:이상의 결과에서 혈장 TAT 및 PIC 농도는 당뇨병 환자에서 정상 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가되어 있었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 연령의 증가와 유병기간이 혈액응고항진 및 용해의 장애에 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며, 총 당뇨병 환자군에 PIC와 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 용해의 장애가 동반되어 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 혈장 TAT 및 PIC는 혈관합병증으로의 진행을 예측하는 지표로서 유용하리라 생각된다. 또 혈당조절정도와 상관성이 있으므로 혈당조절후에 추적검사를 시행하여 합병증의 예방이 가능한지 추후 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolystic system is known as a predisposing factor of vascular complication in diabetes. Although the pathogenesis is not well known, non-enzymatic glycation reaction and the increase in production of free radicals due to an increased oxidative stress may be linked to the hypercoagulibility and hypofibrinolytic activity. As indices of abnormality in coagulation and firinolysis in peripheral blood, plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hypercoagulability exists in diabetic patients with or without vascular complication. Methods : In our study, we measured plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ compelx (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibit or complex (PIC) in 101 diabetic subjects and 20 controls. Comparing TAT and PIC levels in diabetic microvascular complication group, diabetic macrovascular complication group and controls, we examined correlation between risk factors associated with diabetic vascular complication. Results : 1. The group with diabetic vascular complication was older than group without complication. There was no significant difference in BMI, blood pressure, HbA_ic, blood sugar level, insulin, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Lp (a) between two groups. The group with diabetic microvascular complication had longer duration of diabetes. 2. Concentration of TAT and PIC were 2.8±1.2 ng/ mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/ mL in controls and 9.5±22.6 ng/ mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/ mL in diabetic patients, respectively. TAT and PIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control (p<0.001). But TAT/PIC ratio was no significant difference between two groups. 3. In diabetic patients, concentration of TAT and PIC and fibrinogen were respectively 4.1±2.4 ng/ mL, 362.2±272.0 ng/ mL, 322.7±102.4 mg/ dL in group without vascular complication and 5.3±4.1 ng/ mL, 529.5±258.7 ng/ mL, 374.9±106.2 mg/ dL in group with microvascular complication, which group had increase in PIC and Fibrinogen but no significance after correction of age. Concentration of TAT and PIC and Fibrinogen were 60.±4.9 ng/ mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/ mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/ dL in macrovascular complication, and 10.4±6.7 mg/ mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/ mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/ dL in combined vascular complication which group showed increase of TAT but also had no significant increase after correction of age. 4. In diabetic microvascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.049) had significant high PIC concentration. In diabetic macrovascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.042) had significant high total cholesterol concentration. 5. In all diabetic patients, PIC was positively correlated with fibrinogen and HbA_1c and negatively correlated BMI (r=0.47, 0.31, -0.25). Only in daibetic patients without angiopathy, TAT was positively correlated with HbA_1c (r=0.67). Conclusion : In this study, plasma TAT and PIC concentration significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with controls, and PIC was increased in group with microvascular complication, TAT were increased in group with combined micro macrovascular complication. However, there was no significance relationship existed when correctinf for age. PIC was correlated with HbA_1c. TAT was correlated with HbA_1c only in the group without angiopathy. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis were combined in diabetes, plasma TAT and PIC can be used as an index of vascular complication. Also we found the correlation with the degree of the blood glucose control. Therefore we need follow up study for the possibility of prevention of vascular complication after controlling the blood glucose to age-matched patients (J Kor Diaabetes Asso 25:354~363, 2001).