On the Long-distance Scrambling/Phonological Suppression of Adjuncts in Korean

Myung-Kwan Park,Ui-Jong Shin 한국생성문법학회 2017 생성문법연구 Vol.27 No.3

Park, Myung-Kwan, Shin, Ui-Jong. 2017. On the Long-distance Scrambling/ Phonological Suppression of Adjuncts in Korean. Studies in Generative Grammar, 27-3, 675-695. This paper examines the syntactic aspects of adjuncts in Korean, particularly when they undergo long-distance scrambling or phonological suppression. It is noted that, unlike argument elements, though apparently distantly scrambled, they cannot be reconstructed into downward embedded clauses. It is also noted that not all adjuncts but non-nominal manner or reason adverbials are disallowed from being phonologically suppressed in the structural environments where arguments in general are allowed to be phonologically null. However, the otherwise illegal reconstruction or recovery of distantly-displaced or phonologically silent adjuncts is made successful as part of the corresponding process for argumental elements that they adjoin to. In essence, we attribute the argument vs. adjunct distinction to the labeling processing that arguments and adjuncts enter into in different ways.

적응 MMSE 전왜곡기를 이용한 OFDM-16QAM의 HPA 비선형성 보상

곽의식,서종수 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1997 논문집 Vol.29 No.2

Being a multi-carrier modulation scheme OFDM system has a better BER performance than single carrier modulation system in multipath fading environment. Since the envelope of OFDM signal is not constant, when OFDM signal is amplified by High Power Amplifier (HPA) in non-linear mode, OFDM system suffers serious performance degradation due to ICI (Interchannel interference), ISI (Intersymbol interference) and spectral regrowth. In this paper an adaptive MMSE (Minimum mean square error) predistorter is proposed in order to compensate for the performance degradation of OFDM-16QAM signal caused by HPA nonlinearity. Our result shows that the adaptive MMSE predistorter compensates for the HPA nonlinearity, and significantly improves the BER performance of nonlinearly amplified OFDM-16QAM system.

전도도법에 의한 치환 피리딘들의 해리상수 측정과 그의 온도와 압력에 따른 영향

黃正儀,鄭倧在,金學成,尹永炷,朴義煥 慶北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

Generally, pyridine and most of substituted pyridines act as base in aqueous solutions. The strengths of their basicities can be expressed quantitatively by the dissociation constant of base or its conjugated acid. Generally, the acidity of substituted pyridines can be expressed by K_a of the following reaction. ◁그림 삽입▷ (원문을 참조하세요) The dissociation constants of these subtituted pyridines have not been reported under high pressure but under atmospheric pressure. In this papers, the dissociation constants of some substituted pyridines were measured under high pressure by the conductometry. From the ionic conductivity of hydrogen ion, the dissociation constants (K_a) were calculated. The K_a values were increased with increasing temperature and were decreased with increasing presure. The charateristics of dissociation process of some substituted pyridines were deduced from the thermodynamic properties calculated from the dissociation constants.

N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine-N, N', N'-triacetic acid를 配位子로한 Co(Ⅲ)錯物의 異性化反應速度

鄭倧在,金昌鎭,黃正儀 慶北大學校 1976 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

Two isomers of the [Co(H_2O)hedta] complex, equatorial geometry and polar geometry have been prepared, and their structures have been estimated by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, visible absorption spectra and kinetic study. The rate constants of the isomerization change between the polar isomer and the equatorial isomer were 2.12×10^-4 sec^-1 and 3.59×10^-5 sec^-1 at 60℃ in pure water and water-dimethylsulfoxide mixtures, respectively. The activation enthalpy ΔH^≠ is 16.8kcal/mole and the activation entropy ΔS^≠-25.4 e.u. in pure water, while in water-dimethlsulfoxide mixtures ΔH^≠is 26.4kcal/mole and ΔS^≠-0.24 e.u. No evidence of the isomerization from the equatorial geometry to the polar geometry can be obtained. The kinetic study suggested that the isomerization of the aqua complex proceed more rapidly in the pure water than in the water-dimethylsuloxide mixtures, and that the equatorial isomer is the more stable than the polar isomer.

電氣的 開始法에 의한 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate의 重合과 이들 膜의 電氣的 性質

黃正儀,鄭倧在,車星極 慶北大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.25-26 No.-

The electroinitiated polymerization of 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) has been studied at the various voltages, from 2 to 2500 volts. The rate of polymerization was increased with increasing voltages. It was supposed that the orientation and migration effect of monomer accelerating the rate. The membranes were molded between two separated glass plates. These membranes have been used to measure the membrane potentials and the transport number of Na^+ ion and water. The measured membrane potentials and calculated values, which were related by Scatchard theory, gave satisfactory agreement below 0.1m. This was due to permselectivity of HEMA membranes, which had high fixed-OH group in the pore as a pendent. The main deviations of measured membrane potentials (E_c) and the maximum possible values of electrical potentials (E_max) were due to transport numbers of Cl^-ion and water. Therefore it seems to be make an useful strong hemodialysis HEMA membranes by electroinitiated grafting polymerization.

니켈-카드뮴 蓄電池중의 니켈極의 特性에 미치는 電解質의 影響

黃正儀,鄭倧在,金昌鎬 慶北大學校 自然科學大學 1986 自然科學論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Properties of the Ni(OH) electrode in Nickel-Cadmium battery are studied by the cyclo-voltammetric method in base solutions (LiOH, NaOH, KOH)at 20℃. The nickel electrode was prepared chemical precipitation of Ni(OH)_2 on the conducting substrate. The redox current ratio(ipa/ipc) which is closely related to the charge ratio of the Ni(OH)_2 electrode is greater than unity. We can conclude that OH^-ions have been inserted into the Ni(OH)_2 intersheets or adsorbed on the Ni(OH)_2 layers. The electrooxidation of inserted or adsorbed OH^- ions can be explained through a catalytic process involving the participation of Ni(Ⅱ)→Ni(Ⅲ) electrochemical reaction. The reaction products such as (OH) or OH^- also were retained in the defects of Ni(OH)_2 crystalline layers. The redox current ratio is increased by the existence of molecular oxygen in the electrolyte, because the number of OH^- ion in IHP may be increased by reduction of molecular oxygen. Voltammograms run in LiOH solutions are comparable to those recorded in NaOH or KOH solutions. In the same perturbation conditions, redox current ratio related to the Ni(Ⅱ)/Ni(Ⅲ) redox couple values in LiOH are greater than those obtained in NaOH or KOH. The effect of LiOH solution may be ascribed to the presence of highly solvated cations Li^+. In order that OH- ions can be closely adsorbed on the electrode surface, chemical work must be done to take off some water molecules from its primary hydrated sheath. It is guessed that solvated cations take up these chemical works. The sequence of redox current ratio is Li^+>Na^+>K^+.

안티몬 전극을 이용한 고압하에서 용액의 pH측정

黃正儀,鄭倧在,車星極 慶北大學校 文理科大學 1978 文理學叢 Vol.5 No.-

The stick antimony electrode has advantage of simplicity in measuring pH. Its field of application has been very wide in industrial and medical part. But its accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility are somewhat poorer than those of glass electrode. In this study this electrode was applied in determining pH of the solution at various temperatures (15∼30℃) under high pressures (1∼2,500 bars). The emf(E) of the cell, Sb(Sb_2O_3/ HCl(aq.) /AgCl/ Ag, was messured and plotted against pH. In this plot standard emf(E°) of the cell was obtained by extrapolation. The relationship of emf(E) and pH at 25℃ under 1 bar was as follows, E=0.034+0.05918 pH. The slopes were decreased with increasing pressure, and emf(E) was increased. These phenomena may be caused to the activities of water, Cl^-, Sb_2, Sb_2O_3, Ag, and AgCl. In plot of pressure and pH the decrease of pH values was due to the increase of dissociation constant of hydrochoric acid. Even though the stick antimony electrode could be useful to 500 bars at 30℃, it could be useful to 1000 bars below 30℃.

에탄올-물 혼합용매내에서 2,4,6,N-Tetramethyl Pyridinium Iodide의 회합에 대한 압력효과

黃正儀,池鍾基,李永華,禹義夏 慶北大學校 物理化學硏究所 1984 硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-

부피 퍼센트 95%의 에탄올-물 혼합용매내에서 2,4,6,N-테트라메틸 피리디늄요오드(TeMPI)의 이온회합 상수(K)를 수정한 자외선분광 및 전기 전도도 혼용법으로 온도범위 25∼50℃, 압력범위 1∼2,000bars에서 결정하였다. K값은 압력이 증가함에 따라서 증가하였고 40℃에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 부분몰부피변화(ΔV)는 비교적 작은 음의 값이 었으며 ΔV의 절대값은 40℃에서 최소값을 보여주었다. TeMPI의 이온 크기 변수(a)는 40℃에서 최대값을 가졌다. ΔH˚값은 40, 25℃ 그리고 50℃에서 각각 영, 음수 및 양수로 나타났으며 엔트로피(ΔS˚)와 자유에너지(ΔG˚)와 같은 다른 열역학변수 값도 계산하였다. 이와 같은 실험결과로부터 우리들은 TeMPI가 압력증가에 대하여 안정화되고, 40℃까지는 온도증가에 따라서도 안정화됨을 보여주었다. 그러나 40℃에서는 TeMPI 두 분자에 있는 8개 메틸기의 분자간 소수성 상호작용으로 인하여 약한 이량체를 형성하고 50℃ 이상에서는 다시 열적으로 분해된다는 결론을 얻게 되었다. The ionic association constants(K) of 2,4,6,N-tetramethyl pyridinium iodide(TeMPI) in 95 volume percentage ethanol-water mixture were determined by a modified UV and conductance method at 25℃ to 50℃ under 1 to 2,000 bars. The K values increase with increasing pressure and have maximum value at 40℃. The partial molar volume change (ΔV) has relatively small negative value and the absolute values of Δ are minimum at 40℃. The ion size parameter(a) of TeMPI have maximum value at 40℃. ΔH˚ values are zero, positive and negative at 40℃, 25℃ and 50℃ respectively. Other thermodynamic parameters such as the changes of standard entropy (ΔS˚) and free energy(ΔG˚) were evaluated. From these experimental results, we came to conclusion that TeMPI is stabilized by the elevation of pressure and that of temperature below 40℃ but weakly dimerized at 40℃ because of the intermolecular hydrophobic interaction of eight methyl groups of two molecules. And it thermally decomposed above 50℃.

염화아세트산들의 해리반응에 미치는 온도와 압력의 영향

황정의,정종재,박용태,지종기,박의환 慶北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

The temperature and pressure dependences of the dissociation constants of mono-, di- and tri-chloroacetic acids were studied by the conductimetry in the range of 20-35℃ and 1-2500 bars. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔS, and ΔV were evaluated from the dissociation constants. The dissociation constants were increased as the temperature and pressure was increased respectively. The pressure effects can be explained by the fact that the increase of the charges of reaction species enhances the solvation of ions and reduces the reaction volume. As the more chlorines were substituted to acetic acid, the effect of pressure on the dissociation constants was decreased because of the enhanced solvation effect. From the thermodynamic data it can be estimated that there are two types of dissociation reactions. They are an enthalpy-dominated reaction and an entropy-dominated one.

실리콘樹脂를 利用한 文化財保護被膜에 對한 硏究

黃正儀,朴斗元,吳相午,鄭倧在,朴裕哲,郭永佑 慶北大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

金屬실리콘과 鹽化메틸을 鹽化第一구리를 觸媒로 하여 메틸실란을 合成하고 메틸실란을 加水分解하여 실록산의 被膜을 만드는 方法을 調査하였다. 이들 被膜이 文化財 保護被膜이 될 수 있는가를 檢討하기 爲해서 材料를 文化財의 材質인 몇 가지 物質에 適用하여 膜의 性能을 調査하였다. 特히 撥水效果, 汲水量 耐久性等을 調査하였으며 外觀上 아무런 變化가 없는 좋은 被膜이 될수 있다는 結果를 얻었다. The organohalogensilicone was synthesized metal silicone and methylchloride applying the direct synthetic method using copperous chloride as catalyzer. The synthesized organosilane was hydrolyzed to siloxane by various method and coated on various materials which are composed of the cultural assets. The coating film was examined to decide whether it is profitable one to protect the assets from efflorescence or air pollution. Referring to the water repellency, permiability of water and the weather test of the film it was qualified that this film was good enough to apply to the cultural assets as protecting film.