Duplication of the odontoid process with other congenital defects of the craniocervical Junction: case report and review of the literature

Tyler Zeoli,Joe Iwanaga,CJ Bui,Aaron S. Dumont,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2020 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.53 No.4

Duplication of the odontoid process remains a rare developmental pathology that is underrepresented in the current literature. As the pivot point for the craniovertebral junction, the odontoid process is vital for the integrity of the atlanto-axial joint and the ability of the head and cervical spine to rotate correctly. The pathogenesis being incompletely understood, it has been proposed that odontoid process duplication involves faulty sclerotome migration and disruption of the axis ossification center. Patients presenting with this pathology usually have associated structural abnormalities. A detailed anatomical and embryological understanding of the odontoid process is necessary for successful management and treatment of patients presenting with odontoid process duplication. We present a rare case of a patient with a duplicated odontoid process in association with C2-C3 fusion, incomplete anterior arch of C1, variant inferior bony process of the transverse process of C1, and enlarged right jugular foramen.

Understanding Heavenly Parent : Love Is Not a Concept, but Is a Substantial Reality

Tyler Hendricks 통일사상학회 2020 통일사상연구 Vol.18 No.-

세계평화통일가정연합의 한학자 총재는 하나님을 하늘부모님(Heavenly Parent), 즉 하늘아버지와 하늘어머니로 높이 세운다. 가정연합에서는 늘 이러한 용어들이 사용되어왔지만, 그 의미에 대한 설명은 아직 불충분하다. 이에 본 연구는 하늘부 모님에 대해 신학적으로 설명하기 위한 개념적 틀을 제시하고자 한다. 먼저 한 분 이신 하나님에 대한 인식에서 시작하여, 어떻게 이 한 분 하나님이 둘, 즉 남성(양 성)과 여성(음성)이 되었는지 설명하였다. 이어서 어떻게 이 둘이 수수적 관계를 형성하여 넷, 즉 하늘부모, 하늘아버지, 하늘어머니, 하늘자녀가 되었는지 설명하 였다. 필자는 이것이 문선명 총재가 말했었던 ‘하늘부모님의 탄생과 결혼’이었다 고 가정한다. 관계적 존재론(relational ontology)를 사용하면, 하늘부모님, 하늘아버 지, 하늘어머니는 한분 안에 세분이 계시며, 세분 안에 한분이 계시는 비시간적 하 늘부모님(Three-in-One and One-in-Three, the non-temporal Heavenly Parent)이시 다. 하늘부모님은 사위기대의 시간적 전개, 즉 창조에 참여함으로써 그 정점에서 하늘자녀를 세우신다. 이 사위기대의 완성으로 천상과 지상의 하나됨이 개시된다. 참부모님은 성혼을 통해 이 완성을 성취하였다. Dr. Hak Ja Han Moon lifts up God who is Heavenly Parent, Heavenly Father and Heavenly Mother. Unificationism has always used these terms but has never explained them. In this paper I present a conceptual framework by which to do so. I begin with God as one person, then explain how this one person became two, male and female. I explain how those two established a reciprocal relationship through feminine attraction and masculine action, and become four—Heavenly Parent, Heavenly Father, Heavenly Mother and Heavenly Child(ren). I postulate that this was Heavenly Parent’s birth and marriage, of which Dr. Sun Myung Moon spoke. I explain, utilizing relational ontology, that the Heavenly Parent, Heavenly Father and Heavenly Mother are Three-in-One and One-in-Three, the non-temporal Heavenly Parent. Heavenly Parent participates in the temporal evolution of the fourth position, the creation, culminating in Heavenly Child(ren). The perfection of the fourth position initiates the oneness of heaven and earth. True Parents accomplished this perfection in their Holy Wedding.

Practical Vitamin D Supplementation Using Machine Learning

Tyler Fugere,Zhongning Jim Chen,Issam Makhoul 대한골대사학회 2020 대한골대사학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Background: Patients with breast cancer are at increased risk of developing osteoporosis. Maintaining normal levels of vitamin D may decrease the risk of osteoporosis, and vitamin D levels must be corrected in patients who develop osteoporosis before beginning bone modifying agents. Therefore, it is important to correct insufficient vitamin D levels in a timely manner. In clinical practice, current guidelines for replacement regimens often fail to rapidly correct vitamin D levels. The goal of this study was to review data in order to predict what replacement regimen(s) were most effective at repleting vitamin D levels. Methods: For this retrospective cohort study, data was collected from medical records of 2,164 female patients with breast cancer with Institutional Review Board approval. Total level change per week was the primary outcome and was compared for the most commonly used vitamin D replacement regimens adjusted for age, race, body mass index, creatinine clearance, endocrine therapy, and initial level. Results: Higher weekly doses of vitamin D supplementation had a more significant impact on the rate of correction compared to lower daily doses. Generalized linear model was used to develop an online calculator that predicts time to vitamin D level correction adjusted for significant patient characteristics for 5 common replacement regimens as well as no intervention. Conclusions: When choosing a vitamin D replacement regimen for patients with vitamin D deficiency, we recommend clinicians use the online calculator to ensure that the chosen regimen will enable the patient to reach vitamin D sufficiency in a timely manner.

Patient and nonradiographic tumor characteristics predicting lipid-poor angiomyolipoma in small renal masses: Introducing the BEARS index

Tyler M. Bauman,Aaron M. Potretzke,Alec J. Wright,Joel M. Vetter,Theodora A. Potretzke,R. Sherburne Figenshau 대한비뇨의학회 2017 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.58 No.4

Purpose: To create a simple model using clinical variables for predicting lipid-poor angiomyolipoma (AML) in patients with small renal masses presumed to be renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from preoperative imaging. Materials and Methods: A series of patients undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN) for renal masses ≤4 cm was identified using a prospectively maintained database. Patients were excluded if standard preoperative imaging was not consistent with RCC. Chi square and Mann-Whitney U analyses were used to evaluate differences in characteristics between patients with AML and other types of pathology. A logistic regression model was constructed for multivariable analysis of predictors of lipid-poor AML. Results: A total of 730 patients were identified that underwent PN for renal masses ≤4 cm between 2007–2015, including 35 with lipid-poor AML and 620 with RCC. In multivariable analysis, the following features predicted AML: female sex (odds ratio, 6.89; 95% confidence interval, 2.35–20.92; p<0.001), age <56 years (2.84; 1.21–6.66; p=0.02), and tumor size <2 cm (5.87; 2.70–12.77; p<0.001). Sex, age, and tumor size were used to construct the BEnign Angiomyolipoma Renal Susceptibility (BEARS) index with the following point values for each particular risk factor: female sex (2 points), age <56 years (1 point), and tumor size <2 cm (2 points). Within the study population, the BEARS index distinguished AML from malignant lesions with an area under the curve of 0.84. Conclusions: Young female patients with small tumors are at risk for having lipid-poor AML despite preoperative imaging consistent with RCC. Identification of these patients may reduce the incidence of unnecessary PN for benign renal lesions.

나이관련황반변성 관련요인: 국민건강영양조사 2008-2012

Tyler Hyungtaek Rim,Se Woong Kang,Jae Pil Shin,Seung-Young Yu,Su Jeong Song,Christopher Seungkyu Lee,Sung Soo Kim,the Epidemiologic Survey Committee of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 한국망막학회 2018 Journal of Retina Vol.3 No.1

Purpose: To evaluate the associations between early/late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and systemic and ocular parameters using national population-based data. Methods: From 2008 to 2012, a total of 16,897 participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey underwent ophthalmologic examinations by the Korean Ophthalmological Society. Cases of early and late (neovascular and geographic atrophy) AMD were identified using digital fundus images. Risk factors were identified using logistic regression. Results: Age-standardized prevalence of early and late AMD among subjects aged 40 years and older was 5.5% and 0.6%, respectively. Increasing age was the most significant risk factor for both early and late AMD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.07–1.10; aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10−1.19, respectively). Patients who slept, on average, more than nine hours per day (aOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47−1.00) and who were in the lowest quintile (≤ 38.21 g/dL) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (aOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51−0.92) were significantly associated with a lower prevalence of early AMD. Increasing spherical equivalent (SE) [aOR: 0.53 of the first quintile of SE ≤ -1.38 diopters (D), 95% CI: 0.35−0.78; aOR: 1.41 of the fifth quintile of SE ≥ +0.69 D, 95% CI: 1.07−1.86] was associated with a higher prevalence of early AMD. Lower quartile of systolic blood pressure (≤ 110.0 mmHg) was associated with a lower prevalence of neovascular AMD (aOR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09−0.67). Conclusions: Aging was the most significant risk factor for both early and late AMD. Lower level of HDL cholesterol, longer duration of sleep, and myopia had protective associations with early AMD, while lower systolic blood pressure had a protective association with neovascular AMD.

Diffusion-based determination of protein homodimerization on reconstituted membrane surfaces

( Tyler A. Jepson ),( Jean K. Chung ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2021 BMB Reports Vol.54 No.3

The transient interactions between cellular components, particularly on membrane surfaces, are critical in the proper function of many biochemical reactions. For example, many signaling pathways involve dimerization, oligomerization, or other types of clustering of signaling proteins as a key step in the signaling cascade. However, it is often experimentally challenging to directly observe and characterize the molecular mechanisms such interactions―the greatest difficulty lies in the fact that living cells have an unknown number of background processes that may or may not participate in the molecular process of interest, and as a consequence, it is usually impossible to definitively correlate an observation to a well-defined cellular mechanism. One of the experimental methods that can quantitatively capture these interactions is through membrane reconstitution, whereby a lipid bilayer is fabricated to mimic the membrane environment, and the biological components of interest are systematically introduced, without unknown background processes. This configuration allows the extensive use of fluorescence techniques, particularly fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. In this review, we describe how the equilibrium diffusion of two proteins, K-Ras4B and the PH domain of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), on fluid lipid membranes can be used to determine the kinetics of homodimerization reactions. [BMB Reports 2021; 54(3): 157-163]

A True Family Values Head-Wing Strategy for Korean Unification

Tyler Hendricks 선문대학교 통일사상연구원 2022 The Journal of Unification Thought Vol.2 No.-

Unification Thought teaches that peace results from give and take action for the purpose of goodness. The true family values inherent in Unification Thought and Head-Wing Thought, which refer to the practice of sexual abstinence before marriage and absolute fidelity in marriage, serve as a common base for such give and take action. I will discuss how this optimizes human happiness, and how the violation of these values leads to the collapse of the individual, family and nation. I will examine the decline of the adherence to these values in North Korea and South Korea, and discuss prospects for their revival. I conclude with a recommendation that the Universal Peace Foundation call representatives of nations—most importantly North and South Korea—to have give and take action with these Head-Wing values as a common base.

Retroperitoneal Cystic Lymphangioma Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration

Tyler Black,Cynthia D. Guy,Rebecca A. Burbridge 대한소화기내시경학회 2013 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.46 No.5

Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangiomas are rare tumors of the lymphatic system. These tumors usually present in childhood and are often diagnosed incidentally with imaging procedures. Although benign, they can grow to large sizes and become symptomatic due to their compressive effects. They can cause diagnostic dilemmas with other retroperitoneal cystic tumors including those arising from the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has become an invaluable tool in the assessment of cystic lesions in the region of the pancreas. This case describes a 66-year-old female who presented with 3 months of abdominal pain. Radiographic imaging was suggestive of a cystic lesion in the region of the pancreas. EUS was performed confirming a cystic lesion adjacent to the tail of the pancreas with subsequent fine needle aspiration fluid analysis consistent with a cystic lymphangioma.

FS-ACO: An Algorithm for Unsafe U-Turn Detours in Service Vehicle Route Optimization Applications

Tyler Parsons,Jaho Seo 제어로봇시스템학회 2023 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

The Dome Technique for Managing Massive Anterosuperior Medial Acetabular Bone Loss in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: Short-Term Outcomes

( Tyler J. Humphrey ),( Colin M. Baker ),( Paul M. Courtney ),( Wayne G. Paprosky ),( Hany S. Bedair ),( Neil P. Sheth ),( Christopher M. Melnic ) 대한고관절학회 2023 Hip and Pelvis Vol.35 No.2

Purpose: The dome technique is a technique used in performance of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) involving intraoperative joining of two porous metal acetabular augments to fill a massive anterosuperior medial acetabular bone defect. While excellent outcomes were achieved using this surgical technique in a series of three cases, short-term results have not been reported. We hypothesized that excellent short-term clinical and patient reported outcomes could be achieved with use of the dome technique. Materials and Methods: A multicenter case series was conducted for evaluation of patients who underwent revision THA using the dome technique for management of Paprosky 3B anterosuperior medial acetabular bone loss from 2013-2019 with a minimum clinical follow-up period of two years. Twelve cases in 12 patients were identified. Baseline demographics, intraoperative variables, surgical outcomes, and patient reported outcomes were acquired. Results: The implant survivorship was 91% with component failure requiring re-revision in only one patient at a mean follow-up period of 36.2 months (range, 24-72 months). Three patients (25.0%) experienced complications, including re-revision for component failure, inter-prosthetic dual-mobility dissociation, and periprosthetic joint infection. Of seven patients who completed the HOOS, JR (hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score, joint replacement) survey, five patients showed improvement. Conclusion: Excellent outcomes can be achieved using the dome technique for management of massive anterosuperior medial acetabular defects in revision THA with survivorship of 91% at a mean follow-up period of three years. Conduct of future studies will be required in order to evaluate mid- to long-term outcomes for this technique.