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우수령,李根宅,朴斗涌 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1991 環境硏究 Vol.10 No.2
The logic of Modern Architecture in the early part of the 20th century was begun to be criticized intensely, and functionalism, idealism, philosophy of university brought about the loss of identity. The attempt to retrieve the humanity by a methodology for solutions of given problems leads contemporary architecture to the pluralism. Consequently, contemporary architecture is to harmonize architecture with environment, and that is possible when we introduce the concept of place into architecture. The concept of place is not new, but rediscovery. Place is every-where human exists. For a long time a place has been understood in Genius Loci and a guardian deity. It is parted into natural and man-made place, and they are subdivided into romantic, classical, cosmic, complex landscape/architecture. Place is not abstract or geometrical but concrete. By definition, combination and concentration of space and control of the direction, place is where man orients, shelters and feels enclosure, intimacy, security and position. A method to express a sense of place based on a mental image of human who experiences a place is embodied through visualization, complementation and symbolization and when a sense of place is expressed. It is possible that man orients and is individualized.
Min, Too Jae,Park, Sang-Hee,Ji, Yi-Hwa,Lee, Yoon-Sook,Kim, Tae Woo,Kim, Jae Hwan,Kim, Woon-Young,Park, Young-Cheol The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2011 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.26 No.6
<P>A large reservoir of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is available in the colon and this could promote colon cancer metastasis by enhancing tumor cell adhesion, intravasation, and extravasation. Furthermore, adhesion molecules like ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin play important roles in the adhesion of tumor cells to endothelium. This study was designed to determine whether morphine can attenuate the expressions of adhesion molecules up-regulated by the supernatant of LPS-stimulated HCT 116 colon cancer cells (LPS-Sup). In this study, we divided to three groups by cell-growth medium of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs): the control group was incubated in growth factor-free endothelial medium, the Sup group was incubated in the supernatant of HCT 116 cells (Sup), and the LPS-Sup group was incubated in LPS-Sup. To observe effect of morphine to the adhesion molecules expressions in the LPS-Sup group, we co-treated morphine with LPS or added it to LPS-Sup. Adhesion molecule expressions on HUVECs in all three groups were measured during incubation period. Consquentially, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin expressions on HUVECs were significantly lower when morphine was co-treated with LPS than not co-treated. Thus, we suggest that morphine affects the expressions of adhesion molecules primarily by attenuating LPS stimuli on tumor cells.</P>
Morphine Postconditioning Attenuates ICAM-1 Expression on Endothelial Cells
Min, Too Jae,Kim, Joong-il,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Noh, Kyung Hee,Kim, Tae Woo,Kim, Woon-Young,Lee, Yoon-Sook,Park, Young Cheol The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2011 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.26 No.2
<P>The purpose of this study is to determine 1) whether morphine postconditiong (MPostC) can attenuate the intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) expression after reoxygenation injury and 2) the subtype(s) of the opioid receptors (ORs) that are involved with MPostC. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to 6 hr anoxia followed by 12 hr reoxygenation. Three morphine concentrations (0.3, 3, 30 µM) were used to evaluate the protective effect of MPostC. We also investigated blockading the OR subtypes' effects on MPostC by using three antagonists (a µ-OR antagonist naloxone, a κ-OR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine, and a δ-OR antagonist naltrindole) and the inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) chelerythrine. As results, the ICAM-1 expression was significantly reduced in the MPostC (3, 30 µM) groups compared to the control group at 1, 6, 9, and 12 hours reoxygenation time. As a consequence, neutrophil adhesion was also decreased after MPostC. These effects were abolished by coadministering chelerythrine, nor-binaltorphimine or naltrindole, but not with naloxone. In conclusion, it is assumed that MPostC could attenuate the expression of ICAM-1 on endothelial cells during reoxygenation via the κ and δ-OR (opioid receptor)-specific pathway, and this also involves a PKC-dependent pathway.</P>
學校建物의 施設規模에 關한 硏究 : 國民學校 便器個數決定法을 中心으로 Focusing on the Proper Number of Lavatories in Primary School
朴斗涌,尹煐 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1985 연구보고 Vol.13 No.1
This is a study on the appropriate number of lavatories to be installed in the rest rooms of primary schools in Korea. For effective planning of lavatories in primary schools, reviews were made on various current laws and regulations, which serve as a study basis, and other alternative plans, and the blue prints of the newly-built primary school buildings founded since 1980 in Daegu. Through a survey of primary school children by means of questionaires, the author attempted to determine the most appropriate number of lavatories for primary schools in Korea. The following are conclusions obtained through the questionaires for primary school children, direct observations, and Note *1: 1. Table 15 is presented as the most appropriate number of lavatories in the Korean primary schools. 2. It is desirable that the current laws and regulations governing the number of lavatories in the Korean primary schools be changed as Table 15. 3. When classrooms and rest rooms are designed in a building the number of classrooms using each rest room should be equally assigned in order to avoid a concentration of children crowding on a specific rest room. 4. As is illustrated in the blue prints in 2-3, when a comparison is made between the number of lavatories installed presently at primary schools and the proposed number by this study, the number presently being used is sufficient and fulfills the requirement. The number of water closets, however, is critically short of requirement by schools. Therefore, when plans are made for lavatories at primary schools in the future, it is desirable that the appropriate number of lavatories this paper proposes be adopted. In addition, as the mental and physical growth of primary school children has come to be faster than any time before, it is advisable to set up boys' and girls' restrooms separatly when plans for upper-grade students' restrooms are made.
박두용,김치환 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1993 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.2
건축공간계획은 건축공간의 조직체계 및 규모와 관련된 디자인 문제의 해결을 목표로 하므로 물리적 계획의 특성을 내포하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 물리적 특성을 건축공간계획에 체계적으로 반영하기 위한 CASP의 배경 및 특성을 고찰하고 관련기법 및 실행과정, 알고리즘의 특성을 분석하므로써 의사결정과 관련된 측면에서 CASP도입의 필요성과 기초적인 방향을 제시하였다. CASP알고리즘 체계는 자동적으로 실행되지만, 각 단계별 결과는 디자이너 창조적 의도에 따라서 활용될 수 있다. 다라서 CASP는 디자인에 요구되는 '창조성'을 보다 합리적인 의사결정과 함께 건축공간계획에 수용할 수 있는 것이다. Computer technology have influenced on the various aspects of architectural design. Computer-Aided Space Planning(CASP), as a part of the most important application of computer technology, is related to the solutions of location and area design problem on the physical planning of architectural design. It is the ultimate goal of CASP to establish automatically the lauout as the results of solution for the above design problems. Though this automation could be a point of argument in connection with the concept of 'creativity' in design, the practical value of CASP could accommodate the 'creativity' developed the aspect of decision making in design, not restricted to artistic aspect.