Effects of electrolyte on ZnO nanostructures synthesized by galvanostatic electrochemical deposition and their UV sensing properties

Tonny-Roksana Rashid,PHANDUY THACH,정귀상 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.7

In this study, ZnO nanorods (NRs) and nanocombs (NCs) are synthesized by simple galvanostatic electrochemical deposition technique, without prepared any ZnO seed-layer or catalyst. The effect of the different morphologies on the UV sensing characteristics has been studied under ambient conditions. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra and time-dependent photoresponse of the ZnO nanostructures exhibited good optical properties. At room temperature, NCs showed superior response with 9% change of its resistance, few seconds response time and fully recovery. Inversely, in high temperature ZnO NRs indicated better response than NCs with the variation of 25% of its resistance. The dependence photoresponse on temperature demonstrated clearly how surface-defects affect on UV response of ZnO nanostructures. Our approach is to provide a simple and cost-effective way to fabricate UV detectors.

China-related Fake News in the 2019 Indonesian Presidential Elections

Tonny Dian Effendi 부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2022 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.6 No.1

The election is a domestic political event, but the campaign process is not limited by national territory. This study analyses fake news related to China during the campaign period of the 2019 Indonesian Presidential Election. The findings of this study show that China-related fake news was used to attack both presidential candidates, but the incumbent candidate experienced more fake news attacks in terms of number than his opponent. The content of the fake news focused on a few key issues: economic domination, foreign workers, intervention in domestic politics, infiltration of the election, and communism. Those issues also represent part of the Indonesian perception of China’s economy, political sovereignty, and ideological threat. The China-related fake news during the presidential election covered both domestic and international relations. Domestically, it targeted voters to influence the election results, and internationally, it made use of information about the perception of Indonesia-China relations. Although the fake news focused on domestic politics, it has the potential to impact state-to-state relations.

Ideational Factors in the Paradiplomacy Activities of Indonesian Cities

Tonny Dian Effendi 부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2022 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.6 No.3

Indonesian local governments conduct paradiplomacy activities after the central government implements the regional autonomy regulation. Several cities in Indonesia have established cooperation with other cities in other countries, including nongovernment organizations. Economic factors such as trade and investment, and local development are the driving factors of this cooperation. However, ideational factors, such as identity, cultural similarity, and historical aspects, may influence the decision of Indonesian cities to conduct paradiplomacy. This study discusses ideational factors for explaining paradiplomacy activities in Indonesia and focuses on city identity by examining the sister city cooperation of Bandung and Surabaya. By adopting the constructivist perspective in international relations (IR), this study finds that personal identity (corporate and type identity of city) influences local governments’ selection of city partners and cooperation fields. However, corporate identity is the driving factor for a sister city, and the type identity becomes the identity that is projected, constructed, and strengthened in the activities of the sister city. Theoretically, this study supports the adoption of IR theories that mainly explain the behavior of the state to elucidate these sub-national actors’ behavior in their international activities.

Long-distance Democracy and Political Parties in the Indonesian Overseas Elections

( Tonny Dian Effendi ) 부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2021 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.5 No.1

Indonesia is experiencing an increase of emigrants and diasporas population. Indonesian citizens living abroad have consequences for democracy, especially on fulfilling the political right to participate in elections. The relations between the citizen-home country and participation in the election may become part of long-distance democracy. In 2009, Indonesian citizens abroad had the opportunity to participate in the direct presidential election. Then, in 2014, they also had the opportunity to participate in the legislative elections. In 2019, they experienced simultaneous presidential and legislative elections. The overseas voters’ participation in presidential elections increases, but participation in legislative elections stagnates or declines. Indonesia’s long-distance democracy has practical and theoretical implications. First, political parties are starting to consider overseas voters. Second, political parties began to build relationships with Indonesian community groups abroad, organize their communication and campaign strategies, and pay attention to the diaspora issues. Third, although the number of voters abroad is minimal compared to domestic voters, the increase in the number of emigrants and diasporas and their participation in overseas elections will bring the study of political parties in Indonesia beyond national borders. In other words, Indonesia’s long-distance democracy will bring political party studies to a transnational level.

Drivers of integration of green into supplier selections: a systematic literature review

Tonny Ograh,Joshua Ayarkwa,Dickson Osei-Asibey,Alex Acheampong,Peter Amoah 경희대학교 글로벌 통상·금융연구원 2021 International Trade, Politics and Development Vol.5 No.2

This paper aims to provide a systematic review of extant literature on supplier selection by identifying drivers of integration of Environmental Sustainability (ES) into supplier selection, with the aim of classifying them under broad categories for the development of a framework showing the interrelationships among them.A search was ran for selected keyword themes using three powerful and rigorous search engines: Scopus, Google Scholar and Science Direct, to identify relevant articles from 12 peer-reviewed journals. These were desk reviewed through manual filtering to select drivers of integration of ES into supplier selection.Thirty-one drivers identified from 41 relevant articles as propelling integration of ES into supplier selection were then classified into five categories: strong policy direction, high level of commitment, desire for high reputation, robust technology and availability of green products. This yielded a framework showing the interconnectedness among the drivers.The study contributes to the body of knowledge by developing a classification of drivers of integration of ES into supplier selection. The interconnectedness brought to the fore a more subtle appreciation of the drivers of green integration, which could help expand current knowledge outside the narrow scope of isolated drivers. This study provides detailed analyses of drivers of green integration into supplier selection.This paper provides a comprehensive review of drivers of integrating green into supplier selection, which is lacking in the body of knowledge on ES.

Current Cadastral Conditions in the East African Region: Potential Resurvey Plans and Oversea Business Opportunities for Korea Cadastral Survey Corporation

Oyana, Tonny J.,Nakileza, Bob,Akinyemi, Felicia 한국국토정보공사 2010 지적과 국토정보 Vol.40 No.1

This paper examines the status of the cadastral condition in the East African (EA) region with the view of suggesting resurvey modernization plans and oversea business opportunities that are available for Korea Cadastral Survey Corporation (KCSC). Modern cadastral systems play a fundamental macro-economic role with regards to the production, management, and distribution of geographic information about land ownership, use, and its value. Yet, in the EA region, most cadastral survey tasks are generally sporadic because they involve the survey of single land parcels while others are systematic because they involve the survey of multiple land parcels. Cadastre is mainly recorded in public registers and maps. Big cities including Kampala, Nairobi, Dar-es-Salaam, Kigali, and Bujumbura have some form of well-developed cadastral systems. The condition of cadastral systems is still predominately urban-based where cadastral maps are presented in fine scale while few rural surveys are published in coarse scale. The main land tenure system is largely customary or statutory. The way forward is for the KCSC to start a one-year pilot cadastral resurvey project. To help with the effort, this paper proposes six strategic goals of this much needed resurvey modernization work and oversea business opportunities.

Maize Breeding in Zimbabwe: Constraints and Opportunities

( Deckster Tonny Savadye ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 한국국제농업개발학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2011 No.-

Constraints and Potential of Sweet Pepper Cultivation in Plastic Houses in Indonesia

Nikardi Gunadi,A P. Everaarts,Witono Adiyoga,Tonny Koestoni. Moekasan,Subhan 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Evaluation of a Finite-Element Reciprocity Method for Epileptic EEG Source Localization: Accuracy, Computational Complexity and Noise Robustness

Yazdan Shirvany,Oskar Talcoth,Mikael Persson,Tonny Rubæk,Fredrik Edelvik,Stefan Jakobsson 대한의용생체공학회 2013 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.3 No.1

Purpose The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of an EEG source localization method that combines a finite element method (FEM) and the reciprocity theorem. Methods The reciprocity method is applied to solve the forward problem in a four-layer spherical head model for a large number of test dipoles. To benchmark the proposed method, the results are compared with an analytical solution and two state-of-the-art methods from the literature. Moreover,the dipole localization error resulting from utilizing the method in the inverse procedure for a realistic head model is investigated with respect to EEG signal noise and electrode misplacement. Results The results show approximately 3% relative error between numerically calculated potentials done by the reciprocity theorem and the analytical solutions. When adding EEG noise with SNR between 5 and 10, the mean localization error is approximately 4.3 mm. For the case with 10 mm electrode misplacement the localization error is 4.8mm. The reciprocity EEG source localization speeds up the solution of the inverse problem with more than three orders of magnitude compared to the state-of-the-art methods. Conclusions The reciprocity method has high accuracy for modeling the dipole in EEG source localization, is robust with respect to noise, and faster than alternative methods.

Dosage-Related Prebiotic Effects of Inulin in Formula-Fed Infants

Oswari, Hanifah,Widodo, Ariani Dewi,Handayani, Frieda,Juffrie, Mohammad,Sundjaya, Tonny,Bindels, Jacques,Hegar, Badriul The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the minimally meaningful dosage of inulin leading to a prebiotic effect in Indonesian infants. Methods: In a randomized controlled double-blinded, parallel, 3-arm intervention study, 164 healthy formula-fed infants aged 3 to 5 months first obtained formula-A (without inulin) during a 4-week adaptation period. Subsequently, 142 subjects were subjected to a 4-week feeding period by administering either formula-A (no inulin), formula-B (0.2 g/100 mL inulin) or formula-C (0.4 g/100 mL inulin). The primary outcome parameter was %-bifidobacteria in faecal samples determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. Secondary outcome parameters were faecal %-lactobacilli, pH and stool frequency, and consistency. Growth and tolerance/adverse effects were recorded as safety parameters. Results: Typical %-bifidobacteria and %-lactobacilli at the end of the adaptation period in the study population were 14% and 2%, respectively. For faecal pH, significant differences between formula groups A vs. C and A vs. B were found at the end of the intervention period. Testing for differences in faecal %-bifidobacteria and %-lactobacilli between groups was hampered by non-normal data set distributions; no statistically significant differences were obtained. Comparisons within groups revealed that only in formula group C, all the three relevant parameters exhibited a significant effect with an increase in faecal %-bifidobacteria and %-lactobacilli and a decrease in pH. Conclusion: A consistent prebiotic effect along with a decrease in pH and increase in %-bifidobacteria and %-lactobacilli was found only in the group administered 0.4 g inulin/100 mL.