Cytological, genetic, and proteomic analysis of a sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) mutant Siyl‑1 with yellow–green leaf color

Tong‑Mei Gao,Shuang‑Ling Wei,Jing Chen,Yin Wu,Feng Li,Li‑Bin Wei,Chun Li,Yan‑Juan Zeng,Yuan Tian,Dong‑Yong Wang,Hai‑Yang Zhang 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.1

Background Both photosynthetic pigments and chloroplasts in plant leaf cells play an important role in deciding on the photosynthetic capacity and efficiency in plants. Systematical investigating the regulatory mechanism of chloroplast development and chlorophyll (Chl) content variation is necessary for clarifying the photosynthesis mechanism for crops. Objective This study aims to explore the critical regulatory mechanism of leaf color mutation in a yellow–green leaf sesame mutant Siyl-1. Methods We performed the genetic analysis of the yellow-green leaf color mutation using the F2 population of the mutant Siyl-1. We compared the morphological structure of the chloroplasts, chlorophyll content of the three genotypes of the mutant F2 progeny. We performed the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and compared the protein expression variation between the mutant progeny and the wild type. Results Genetic analysis indicated that there were 3 phenotypes of the F2 population of the mutant Siyl-1, i.e., YY type with light-yellow leaf color (lethal); Yy type with yellow-green leaf color, and yy type with normal green leaf color. The yellowgreen mutation was controlled by an incompletely dominant nuclear gene, Siyl-1. Compared with the wild genotype, the chloroplast number and the morphological structure in YY and Yy mutant lines varied evidently. The chlorophyll content also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The 2-DE comparison showed that there were 98 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among YY, Yy, and yy lines. All the 98 DEPs were classified into 5 functional groups. Of which 82.7% DEPs proteins belonged to the photosynthesis and energy metabolism group. Conclusion The results revealed the genetic character of yellow-green leaf color mutant Siyl-1. 98 DEPs were found in YY and Yy mutant compared with the wild genotype. The regulation pathway related with the yellow leaf trait mutation in sesame was analyzed for the first time. The findings supplied the basic theoretical and gene basis for leaf color and chloroplast development mechanism in sesame.

실리콘 웨이퍼 공정용 알루미나 정전척의 제작과 특성에 관한 연구

천희곤,조동율,이영섭,박용균,최성호,정광진,Serguei Spoutai 울산대학교 기계부품 및 소재 특성평가연구센터 1999 연구보고서 Vol.1999 No.-

정전척의 유전체 물질로 열전도도와 유전특성 그리고 기계적 특성이 우수한 알루미나에 TiO₂첨가하여 유전체의 비저항을 변화시켜서 정전척(electrostatic chuck)에서 발생하는 정전력인 쿨롱힘(coulomb force)과 존슨-라벡힘(Johnsen-Fahbeck firce_의 영향을 규명하려 하였다. 그리고 비저항, 인가전압, 온도, 습도가 정전력에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 고찰하였으며, 인가전압에 따른 응답 특성에 관하여 고찰하였다. Alumina electrostatic chucks for silicon wafer process with wide range of electrical resistivity were fabricated by controlling the amount of TiO₂ addition (0 wt%, 1.3 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.8 wt%). The dependence of electrostatic force on applied voltage, temperature and humidity was investigated. In addition, response characteristics on applied voltage and relationship between electrical resistivity and electrostatic force characteristics such as Coulomb force and Johnsen-Rahbeck force were discussed

고령 환자에서 요골동맥을 이용한 관동맥 조영술의 안정성과 유용성

전국진,김준홍,홍택종,전동진,신영우 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.4

효율적 인력물자 운반용 적·하화대의 개발 및 활용

황춘수,장통일,임현교 한국안전학회 2003 한국안전학회지 Vol.18 No.2

In recent years, the Korean Army made use of fork-lifters or conveyors when loading and/or unloading military material in order to prevent accidents and to promote efficiency of military material handling activities. However, in troops smaller than battalions, manual material handling activities are still committed for many reasons. In this thesis, a brand new loading/unloading device for efficient military material handling for manual workers was developed, and its validation study was conducted through objective assessment based on electromyography, subjective assessment based on Body-Map technique developed by Corlett and Bishop, and finally work performance comparison. The results of EMG analysis showed that muscular workload improved by 24% when using the device compared to manual work without the device, and complain of each body part was remarkably reduced. In addition, remarkable effectiveness enhancement was observed in the work performance. Consequently, it could be concluded that ergonomic devices like one developed in this research should he studied further in the ergonomic sense as well as in the economical sense.

UV/Cl₂(g)에 의한 Si-wafer 표면금속 오염물의 건식세정에 관한 연구

손동수,정광진,최성호,천희곤,조동율 울산대학교 1998 공학연구논문집 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구에서는 실리콘 웨이퍼 표면에 존재하는 미량의 Zn, Fe, Ti 금속 오염물들이 UV-excited chlorine radical을 이용한 건식세정 방법으로 제거되는 반응과정을 연구 하였다. 실리콘 웨이퍼 상에 진공증착법으로 원형패턴이 있는 Zn, Fe, Ti 박막을 증착시켜 상온 및 200℃에서 UV/CI₂세정하였을 때, 염소 래디컬(CI*)이 Fe, Zn, Ti와 반응하여 제거되는 것을 반응 전후 광학현미경과 SEM을 통해 표면 형상 변화를 관찰하였고, in-line으로 연결된 XPS를 통해서 반응 후 웨이퍼 표면에 남아있는 화합물의 화학적 결합상태를 관찰하였으며, UV/CI₂세정 후 실리콘 기판이 손상받는 정도를 알기 위해 AFM으로 표면 거칠기를 측정하였다. 광학현미경과 SEM의 분석에 의하면 Zn와 Fe는 쉽게 제거되는 반면 염화물을 형성하기 보다는 휘발성이 적은 산화물을 형성하는 경향이 강한 Ti은 약간만 제거되는 것을 확인하였다. XPS 분석을 통해서 이들 금속 오염물들이 chlorine radical과 반응하여 웨이퍼 표면에 금속 염화물을 형성하고 있는 것을 확인하였고, UV/CI₂세정처리를 하였을 때 실리콘 웨이퍼의 표면 거칠기가 약간 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 지금까지의 결과를 통해 볼 때, 습식세정과 UV/CI₂건식세정을 병행하면 플라즈마 및 레이저를 사용하는 다른 건식세정 방법에 비하여 보다 저온에서 실리콘 기판의 큰 손상 없이 비교적 용이하게 금속 오염물을 제거할 수 있음을 알수 있었다. The reaction mechanisms of dry cleaning of Zn, Fe and Ti trace contaminants on the Si wafer using UV/CI₂ have been studied by SEM, AFM and XPS analyses. The patterned Zn, Fe and Ti films were deposited on the Si wafer surface by thermal evaporation and changes in the surface morphology after dry cleaning using CI₂and UV/CI₂at 200℃ were studied by optical microscopy and SEM. In addition changes in surface roughness of Si wafer by the cleaning was observed by AFM. The chemical bonding states of the Zn, Fe and Ti deposited silicon surface were observed with in-line XPS analysis. Zn and Fe were easily cleaned in the form of volatile zinc-chloride and iron-chloride as verified by the surface morphology changes. Ti which forms involatile oxides was not easily removed at room temperature but was slightly removed by UV/CI₂at elevated temperature of 200℃. It was also found that the surface roughness of the Si wafer increased after CI₂and UV/CI₂cleaning. Therefore, the metallic contaminants on the Si wafer can be easily removed at lower temperature by continuous processes of wet cleaning followed by UV/CI₂dry cleaning.

유 ·청소년의 최대산소섭취량과 무산소성 역치 추정에 관한 연구

전태원,이병근,정동춘 師範大學 體育硏究所 1993 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.14 No.2

This study have two different purpose; one is to compare the cardiorespiratory function of male and female four student groups: elementary-, middle-, high-, and college level, the other is to produce the prediction equations for evaluating the maximal oxygen uptake and AT of the same groups. The all subjects in this study were 157: elementary school, middle school, high school, and college, is 49, 41, 28, 39 respectively. 1. Maximal Oxygen Consumtion 1) Body size components The body weight, FFW, VO₂max of both sex showed very high positive correlation:0.88∼0.94. However, male subjects’ slope was 8∼15% higher than that of females. On the other hand, Both male and female subjects’body weight, FFW and VO₂max/㎏ showed very low negative correlation:-.05∼ -.14. 2) Breathing components At the VO₂level, ?? was significantly low in accordance with the school levels; V?? of college level was most low among the four school levels. Minute ventilation(??) between male and female was neally same at the beginning stage of exercise. When their VO₂ reached at 1.5ℓ/min point, however, there was significant difference between male and female subjects’ ??. Like minute ventilation, male subjects’breathing rate(BR) was significantly lowered in accordance with the rise in school levels(p<.01). Female subjects BR, however, did not show significant difference among the four school levels although it was fewly decreased by the rise in school levels. 3) Circulation components The heart rate at every sumaximal intensity was significantly different between male and female, and among four levels of school as well. In other words, male subjects’submaximal heart rate was higher than that of female subjects by the rise in school level. Maximal heart rate, however, did not show significant sifference at all cases. Subjects’O₂pulse, compared at the point of VO₂1.0ℓ/min, did not show any significant difference between male and female, and among four grades as well. When it compared at the range of VO₂1.5∼2.5ℓ/min, however, there were significant differences between male and female, and among four levels of school as well. 4) The respiratory exchange ratio components The respiratory exchange ratio(R) at every sumaximal intensity was not significantly different between male and female, and among four levels of school as well. The respiratory exchange ratio(R) was increased gradually in accordance with the exercise intensity. 2. Anaerobic threshold The difference of AT-VO₂between male and female was gradually grown large by the level-up of their school levels; elementary school students had lowest AT-VO₂among four levels of school. There was not significant difference in AT-VO₂/㎏among four levels of school although AT-VO₂/㎏ was also higher in male than female. Like AT-VO₂,the difference of AT-HR between male and female was rapidly grown large by the level-up of their school levels. 3. The prediction equations of VO₂max, AT-VO₂and AT-HR Both male and female subjects’R and coefficients of variation of the prediction equations on VO₂max was 0.92∼0.95 and 10.8∼12.5% respectively. Both male and female subjects’R and coefficients of variation of the prediction equations on VO₂/㎏ was 0.40∼0.50 and 11.3∼16.0% respectively. Both male and female subjects’R and coefficients of variation of the prediction equations on AT-VO₂was 0.74∼0.88 and 6.6∼11.7% respectively. Both male and female subjects’R and coefficients of variation of the prediction equations on AT-HR was 0.52∼0.58 and 4.9∼6.7% respectively. Four prediction equations for each sex presented as follows. _______________________________________________________________________ VO₂max M Y=0.589+0.064AGE +0.021WT+0.003HT+0.358BSA ml/min F Y=-1.879+0.024AGE+0.039WT+0.025HT-1.587BSA _______________________________________________________________________ VO₂max /kg M Y=39.4+1.29AGE-0.50WT+0.04HT+5.57BSA ml/㎏/min F Y=-21.1+0.396AGE+0.343WT+0.857HT-65.63BSA _______________________________________________________________________ AT-VO₂ M Y=1.462+0.021AGE+0.029WT-0.011HT+0.157BSA l/min F Y=-0.199+0.019AGE-0.004WT-0.010HT+2.063BSA ________________________________________________________________________ AT-HR M Y=300.6-1.76AGE+0.31WT-0.79HT+5.73BSA beats/min F Y=270.6-2.063AGE-3.005WT-1.859HT+255.1BSA ________________________________________________________________________

정전분무를 이용한 MOCVD에 의해 증착된 TiO_2 박막의 특성 연구

이영섭,박용균,이성재,조동율,천희곤 울산대학교 2002 공학연구논문집 Vol.33 No.1

정전분무(electrostatic spray)를 이용한 MOCVD방법은 원료를 함유하는 용액을 이용함으로써 이송관의 가열이 필요 없이 장치를 간단하게 할 수 있고, 용액의 유량과 전기장의 세기에 따라 초미세 입자제어도 가능하며, 출발 용액으로부터 박막의 조성을 조절할 수 있는 등의 여러 가지 특징을 가지고 있다. 온도가 증가함에 따라 입자성장과 반응가스에 의한 표면의 밀도가 감소하여 표면조도가 증가하였다. 증착 시간이 증가함에 따라 막의 두께는 증가하지만, 증착시간이 지날수록 +전하를 띤 액적들은 이미 생성된 막의 영향으로 -가 인가된 기판으로의 전하이동을 방해받으므로 island성장과 모세관현상의 표면형상은 거칠고, porous해졌다. 인가전압이 증가할수록 분무시 액적의 사이즈가 작아지므로 막의 표면은 치밀해졌으며, 표면에는 완전분무하지 못한 모액적에 의해 생긴 입자의 수도 적은 경향을 보였다. 산소 분말이 증가할수록 Ti와 O의 세기는 증가하나, C의 세기는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. The electrostatic spray assisted MOCVD has the advantages of simple apparatus without the gas lines, easy control of nano-sized droplets by applied voltage and solution rates and easy control of compositions of thin films by controlling the composition of starting solution. At lower deposition temperatures the morphology of the layers are less porous and rough. With increasing deposition time and thus increasing layer thickness the morphologies of the layers are shift to porous top layer with dense bottom layer and then porous top layer with big sized grain of bottom layer as the result of low growth rates. XPS can be seen that Ti and O intensity increases but C intensity decreses with increasing O_2 flow rates.

Thermal MOCVD와 DC pulsed PA-MOCVD에 의해 증착된 TiN 박막 연구

박용균,이영섭,이태수,이성재,조동율,천희곤 울산대학교 2001 공학연구논문집 Vol.32 No.1

유기화합물(TDEAT;Ti[N(C2H5)2]4)과 NH3를 이용하여 thermal MOCVD와 dc pulsed plasma assisted MOCVD(PA-MOCVD)인 2종류의 TiN박막을 증착하여 비교하였다. TiN박막의 특성분석은 XRD, AES, FE-SEM, α-step과 XPS로 연구하였다. DC pulsed plasma assisted MOCVD로 증착된 Tin박막은 ion bombardment 효과에 의해 열적으로 증착된 것보다 더 fine한 columnar구조를 나타내므로써 막의 결정질이 향상되었다. 플라즈마에서의 아르곤 이온의 충돌로 인해 탄소(C)는 오히려 유기 화합물보다 탄소 라디칼로 존재하였다. 따라서 탄소 라디갈은 기판의 강한 (-) potential에 의해 TiN박막에 trap되기 때문에 탄소(C)는 열적으로 증착된 TiN박막보다 더 많은 양이 존재하는 것으로 추정된다. By using of (TDEAT;Ti[N(C2H5)2]4)and ammonia gas source, we deposited two different TiN thin films with thermal MOCVD and dc pulsed plasma assisted MOCVD (PA-MOCVB). The properties of TiN thin films were studied by XRD, AES, FE - SEM, α - step and XPS analyses in this work. The TiN films deposited by dc pulsed PA - MOCVD have a little higher density and a fine columnar structure, compared with thermally deposited TiN thin films. This may be due to ion bombardment effect resulting in improved crystallinity in films. Carbon in the film may exist in the form of carbonic radical rather than organic compound because of collision with Ar ion in the plasma. Consequently, the content of carbon in the film of dc pulsed PA - MOCVD was higher than that in thermally deposited TiN films, because carbon radicals could be trapped in the film by strong negative potential of the substrate.

Study on Satisfaction According to Result of Participants in DIY Woodworking Program

Chun, Tong-Whan,Kim, Kwang-Roul Korea Furniture Society 2008 한국가구학회지 Vol.19 No.6

This study was the research of the satisfaction of participation in short DIY Woodworking program organized by university as productive leisure activity. It is the study of what satisfactions-factors of the participants are and how the satisfaction is continued with activities of the participants later on, and finally how the satisfaction influences the choice of leisure activity further. Questionnaire is consist of total 41 survey standards like the article for facility, education, service and cost & the demographic contents of the participants. It was executed by the participants in program at sight from Aug. $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ 2008, and the valid samples 156 copies were definitely analyzed. The result of analysis shows first that the majority of the participants in the short leisure program are the beginner who took part in such program for the first time. What them interests are the convenient facility & use of tools. Second, the reasonable fees in terms of material cost & preparation of personal tools influenced positively on satisfaction of participation. Third, the dissatisfaction of participants regarding educational method and service could be solved by that the trainer who makes practical lesson had been informed of the course in advance.

Study of Factors of Relationship Marketing at DIY Woodworking Workshop

Chun, Tong Whan,Kim, Kwang-Roul Korea Furniture Society 2009 한국가구학회지 Vol.20 No.6

While the population conducting the production-oriented leisure activity is spread, the expertly franchised types of woodworking workshop based on good organization and economic power are also undergoing rapid growth with the related industries. Such tendency needs the systemized marketing strategy for woodworking workshop industry, but most of the woodworking workshops are regarding the deal with customers as simple exchange business in the market. The factors of the relationship marketing hereupon should be constituted as basic material for the study of the relationship marketing of DIY woodworking workshop. This study was intended to select the appropriate factors for relationship marketing and to apply the related theoretical backgrounds on the basis of the preceding studies regarding the factors of relationship marketing. As the factors it was selected that service and expertise of staff under the category of the characteristics of staff, reasonable price, diversity of products and convenience of facility in woodworking workshop under the category of the customer-oriented service, and communication and favorite program under that of the relation-oriented service.