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Intramolecular Charge Resonance in Dimer Radical Anions of Di-, Tri-, Tetra-, and Pentaphenylalkanes
Tojo, Sachiko,Fujitsuka, Mamoru,Majima, Tetsuro American Chemical Society 2012 Journal of organic chemistry Vol.77 No.11
<P>Intramolecular dimer radical anions of di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaphenylalkanes were investigated on the basis of absorption spectral measurements during γ-radiolysis in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) glassy matrix at 77 K and theoretical calculations. The absorption spectrum of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethane (1,1,2,2-Ph<SUB>4</SUB>E) radical anion showed two bands in the near-infrared (NIR) region (900–2600 nm). One band observed at shorter wavelength than 2000 nm is assigned to the intramolecular charge resonance (CR) band between two phenyl groups of the 1,1-diphenylmethyl chromophore (1,1-dimer radical anion). The intramolecular CR band of the 1,1-dimer radical anion was observed for various alkanes having 1,1-diphenylmethyl chromophore such as 1,1,1-triphenylmethane (1,1,1-Ph<SUB>3</SUB>M), 1,1,1,1-tetraphenylmethane (1,1,1,1-Ph<SUB>4</SUB>M), and so on. The other intramolecular CR band observed at longer wavelength than 2200 nm is assigned to intramolecular dimer radical anion between two phenyl groups of the 1,2-diphenylethyl chromophore (1,2-dimer radical anion). The intramolecular CR band of the 1,2-dimer radical anion was observed for various alkanes having a 1,2-diphenylethyl chromophore, such as 1,1,2-triphenylethane (1,1,2-Ph<SUB>3</SUB>E), 1,1,2,2-Ph<SUB>4</SUB>E, and 1,1,1,2,2-pentaphenylethane (1,1,1,2,2-Ph<SUB>5</SUB>E) and so on. No dimer radical anion was observed for 1,<I>n</I>-diphenylalkanes (<I>n</I> > 2) without 1,1-diphenylmethyl chromophore. The relationship between the structure and negative charge delocalization over two phenyl groups connected by an sp<SUP>3</SUP> carbon is discussed.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/joceah/2012/joceah.2012.77.issue-11/jo300144r/production/images/medium/jo-2012-00144r_0003.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jo300144r'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
ACTIVE CONTROL OF LEACHATE MOVEMENT USING LANDFILL STRUCTURE -NUMERICAL STUDY-
( Yasumasa Tojo ),( Nobutoshi Tanaka ),( Toshihiko Matsuto ),( Takayuki Matsuo ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1
Numerical study was carried out to investigate active control of water flow by landfill structure. Formulas that explain water movement in each part of a landfill were derived from past studies. Three types of landfill structure were assumed and actual rainfall data of three cities were adopted. Water diversion at each landfill part and the pressure head on the landfill bottom were evaluated. As a result, the following information was obtained. Hydraulic conductivity of intermediate cover soil is important to promote lateral diversion and to control the vertical infiltration ratio. Application of a capillary barrier at the landfill bottom is absolutely effective for avoiding a positive pressure head on the liner.