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Utilizing Natural and Engineered Peroxiredoxins As Intracellular Peroxide Reporters
Tobias P. Dick,Koen Van Laer 한국분자세포생물학회 2016 Molecules and cells Vol.39 No.1
It is increasingly apparent that nature evolved peroxiredoxins not only as H2O2 scavengers but also as highly sensitive H2O2 sensors and signal transducers. Here we ask whether the H2O2 sensing role of Prx can be exploited to develop probes that allow to monitor intracellular H2O2 levels with unprecedented sensitivity. Indeed, simple gel shift assays visualizing the oxidation of endogenous 2-Cys peroxiredoxins have already been used to detect subtle changes in intracellular H2O2 concentration. The challenge however is to create a genetically encoded probe that offers real-time measurements of H2O2 levels in intact cells via the Prx oxidation state. We discuss potential design strategies for Prx-based probes based on either the redoxsensitive fluorophore roGFP or the conformation-sensitive fluorophore cpYFP. Furthermore, we outline the structural and chemical complexities which need to be addressed when using Prx as a sensing moiety for H2O2 probes. We suggest experimental strategies to investigate the influence of these complexities on probe behavior. In doing so, we hope to stimulate the development of Prx-based probes which may spearhead the further study of cellular H2O2 homeostasis and Prx signaling.
Emerging Market Lending:Is Moral Hazard Endogenous?
Tobias Broer 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2007 Journal of Economic Development Vol.32 No.2
This paper shows how growth in financially open developing countries is affected when relations with international lenders suffer from the danger of moral hazard. We find that if entrepreneurs can gamble with foreign creditors’ money, borrowing under standard debt contracts is constrained by a No-Gambling Condition similar to that in Hellmann, Murdock, and Stiglitz (2000). However, this incentive constraint is endogenous in the development process: growth increases entrepreneurs’ own capital at risk and thus reduces incentives to gamble. But capital accumulation also decreases the profitability of investment, which has the opposite effect. General equilibrium under moral hazard shows a unique and stable steady state, but involves at least temporary rationing of profitable projects and possibly positive net investment by developing countries in international financial markets.
Playing Blind-Man’s Buff: Estimating North Korea’s Cyber Capabilities
Tobias Feakin 통일연구원 2013 International journal of korean unification studie Vol.22 No.2
This paper aims to create a clearer understanding of the size and scope of North Korean cyber capabilities. Due to the opaque and secretive nature of the North Korean regime, and the difficulties of attribution in cyberspace, it is problematic to present a complete picture of the North’s malicious activities in cyberspace. This paper presents an open source literature based review of this issue. It begins by defining terminology used to describe cyber threats, and whilst seemingly these threats are new, cyberspace has merely facilitated a new method of achieving old ends. North Korean motivations for developing cyber capabilities are examined, followed by an examination of the historical context to their development of such efforts, and a breakdown of the various North Korean military departments involved cyber activities is presented. An analysis of the growing private sector-led evidential trail of North Korean cyber attacks is followed by an assessment of the impacts that these attacks have had on South Korean policymaking, and operational responses. Finally the author examines the potential impacts fornational and regional destabilisation that unabated North Korean cyberattacks could have, concluding that severe damage to South Korea’s economic, political and international reputation could be a distinctly negative consequence.
Interdisciplinary assessment-oriented treatment of fibromyalgia: a case report
Tobias Romeyke,Elisabeth Noehammer,Harald Stummer 한국한의학연구원 2018 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.7 No.2
Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) have often tried many outpatient treatments, and breakthrough pain frequently stops them from performing everyday tasks and participating in society. FM-pain that has become chronic, therefore, affects quality of life. This case study describes the administration of interdisciplinary inpatient pain therapy due to a primary diagnosis of fibromyalgia with integrated complementary medicine. The female patient, who had several concomitant disorders and had been suffering from pain for many years, benefited from the holistic treatment approach in terms of a reduction in pain and an improvement in physical functions and mental health. The ability to have a positive effect on pain symptoms in the longer term is essential. Compliance with the treatments used should also be improved, so that a healthier lifestyle and better pain management can continue after discharge from hospital. These results are supported by other study results and should provide the impetus for major studies to evaluate holistic pain therapies in FM.
Photometric Defocus Observations of Transiting Extrasolar Planets
Tobias C. Hinse,Wonyong Han,Joh-Na Yoon,Chung-Uk Lee,Yong-Gi Kim,Chun-Hwey Kim 한국우주과학회 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.1
We have carried out photometric follow-up observations of bright transiting extrasolar planets using the CbNUOJ 0.6 m telescope. We have tested the possibility of obtaining high photometric precision by applying the telescope defocus technique, allowing the use of several hundred seconds in exposure time for a single measurement. We demonstrate that this technique is capable of obtaining a root-mean-square scatter of sub-millimagnitude order over several hours for a V ~10 host star, typical for transiting planets detected from ground-based survey facilities. We compared our results with transit observations from a telescope operated in in-focus mode. High photometric precision was obtained due to the collection of a larger amount of photons, resulting in a higher signal compared to other random and systematic noise sources. Accurate telescope tracking is likely to further contribute to lowering systematic noise by exposing the same pixels on the CCD. Furthermore, a longer exposure time helps reduce the effect of scintillation noise which otherwise has a significant effect for small-aperture telescopes operated in in-focus mode. Finally we present the results of modelling four light-curves in which a root-mean-square scatter of 0.70 to 2.3 milli-magnitudes was achieved.