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Kang, Dong Woo,Choi, Chi Yeol,Cho, Yong-Hee,Tian, Huasong,Di Paolo, Gilbert,Choi, Kang-Yell,Min, Do Sik The Rockefeller University Press 2015 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.212 No.8
<▼1><P>Kang et al. show that genetic or pharmacological inactivation of the enzyme phospholipase D1 (PLD1) disrupts colitis-associated intestinal tumorigenesis by suppressing the self-renewal capacity of colon cancer stem cells.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Expression of the Wnt target gene phospholipase D1 (PLD1) is up-regulated in various carcinomas, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanistic significance of its elevated expression in intestinal tumorigenesis remains unknown. In this study, we show that genetic and pharmacological targeting of PLD1 disrupts spontaneous and colitis-associated intestinal tumorigenesis in <I>Apc<SUP>Min/+</SUP></I> and azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate mice models. Intestinal epithelial cell–specific PLD1 overexpression in <I>Apc<SUP>Min/+</SUP></I> mice accelerated tumorigenesis with increased proliferation and nuclear β-catenin levels compared with <I>Apc<SUP>Min/+</SUP></I> mice. Moreover, PLD1 inactivation suppressed the self-renewal capacity of colon cancer–initiating cells (CC-ICs) by decreasing expression of β-catenin via E2F1-induced microRNA (miR)-4496 up-regulation. Ultimately, low expression of PLD1 coupled with a low level of CC-IC markers was predictive of a good prognosis in CRC patients, suggesting in vivo relevance. Collectively, our data reveal that PLD1 has a crucial role in intestinal tumorigenesis via its modulation of the E2F1–miR-4496–β-catenin signaling pathway. Modulation of PLD1 expression and activity represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of intestinal tumorigenesis.</P></▼2>
당악천(Tang, Le Tian)강재철(Kang, Jae Cheol) 한국디자인리서치학회 2020 한국디자인리서치 Vol.5 No.1
This study analyzed economics on sustainable designs of the 3D greenery system in order to expect the ‘balloon effect’ such as creative design, resource efficiency, or economic effect. The purpose of this study was to point the way of future 3-dimensional sustainable designs. This study sampled the economic elements of the sustainable designs by quantitative, qualitative, and previous theoretical discussions regarding the economics of the 3D greenery system and analyzed the survey empirically. Also, this study validated the economic feasibility of the sustainable designs of the 3D greenery system with an expert interview. The results of this study were as follows. First, this study reestablished the definition of the 3D greenery system as 3D and multi-dimensional greenery systems such as horizontal or vertical systems, which integrate vertical and wall greenery systems and vertical gardens, select plants with different location conditions, and rely on various structures and other spatial structures. Second, this study showed that the economic elements of the sustainable designs of the 3D greenery system were recognized in the order of ‘resource efficiency,’ ‘creative economics,’ and ‘economic value’ through the survey. Third, this study analyzed the correlation to confirm that there are significant correlations among ‘resource efficiency,’ ‘creative economics,’ and ‘economic value.’ In this regard, the sustainable designs of the 3D greenery system can make value by considering the effective use of resources, creative designs, and economic value. Fourth, as a result of the expert interview, the sustainable designs of the 3D greenery system have a positive impact on economics and can create various economic effects in terms of creative economics, economic value, and resource efficiency. In conclusion, the significance of this study is that this study can be used as baseline data for design development in future business regarding the 3D greenery system. 본 연구는 입체녹화(立體綠化) 지속가능 디자인의 경제성을 분석하여 창조적 디자인, 자원 효율성, 경제 효과 등 ‘풍선효과’를 기대할 수 있다. 향후 입체녹화 지속가능 디자인의 방향성을 제시하고자 하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구의 방법은 입체녹화 지속디자인 경제성을 대상으로 정량적, 정성적 연구 및 선행연구 등 방법에 의해 지속가능 디자인의 경제성 요소를 추출하여 설문조사를 통한 실증분석을 실시하였다. 또한, 전문가 인터뷰를 통해 입체녹화 지속가능 디자인의 경제성의 타당성을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 입체녹화의 정의는 수직·벽면녹화 및 수직정원을 종합하여 서로 다른 입지 조건을 이용하여 식물 등을 선택하고 각종 구조물 및 기타 공간 구조물에 의존하게 하는 수평, 수직 등 3D 및 다차원 녹화방식으로 재정립하였다. 둘째, 설문조사를 통해 입체녹화 지속가능 디자인 경제성 요소는 ‘자원 경제성’, ‘창조적 경제성’, ‘경제 가치’ 순의 인식 수준이 나타났다. 셋째, 상관관계의 분석 결과, ‘자원 경제성’과 ‘창조적 경제성’ 및 ‘경제 가치’ 간 상호 유의미한 상관관계가 존재하였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 입체녹화 지속가능 디자인은 자원의 효율적인 사용, 창조적인 디자인, 경제 가치를 고려함으로 경제성을 창출할 수 있다. 넷째, 전문가 인터뷰 결과, 입체녹화 지속가능 디자인은 경제성에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 나타났고 창조적 경제성, 경제 가치, 자원 경제성 면에서 다양한 경제 효과를 창출할 수 있다. 끝으로 본 연구의 의의는 향후 입체녹화 관련 사업에 디자인 개발을 위한 기초자료로써 활용될 수 있다.
Li, Lun,Ying, Xiang-Ji,Sun, Tian-Tian,Yi, Kang,Tian, Hong-Liang,Sun, Rao,Tian, Jin-Hui,Yang, Ke-Hu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5
Background and Objective: A comprehensive overall review of gastric cancer (GC) risk and protective factors is a high priority, so we conducted the present study. Methods: Systematic searches in common medical electronic databases along with reference tracking were conducted to include all kinds of systematic reviews (SRs) about GC risk and protective factors. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological qualities and the quality of evidence using R-AMSTAR and GRADE approaches. Results: Beta-carotene below 20 mg/day, fruit, vegetables, non-fermented soy-foods, whole-grain, and dairy product were GC protective factors, while beta-carotene 20 mg/day or above, pickled vegetables, fermented soy-foods, processed meat 30g/d or above, or salty foods, exposure to alcohol or smoking, occupational exposure to Pb, overweight and obesity, helicobacter pylori infection were GC risk factors. So we suggested screening and treating H. pylori infection, limiting the amount of food containing risk factors (processed meat consumption, beta-carotene, pickled vegetables, fermented soy-foods, salty foods, alcohol), stopping smoking, avoiding excessive weight gain, avoidance of Pb, and increasing the quantity of food containing protective components (fresh fruit and vegetables, non-fermented soy-foods, whole-grain, dairy products). Conclusions: The conclusions and recommendations of our study were limited by including SRs with poor methodological bases and low quality of evidence, so that more research applying checklists about assessing the methodological qualities and reporting are needed for the future.
노거수의 건강성 평가체계 정립을 위한 위험 지표인자의 검증
장종펑,시아티엔티엔,강호철,강태호,Zhang, Zhong-Feng,Xia, Tian-Tian,Kang, Ho-Chul,Kang, Tai-Ho 한국조경학회 2018 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.46 No.4
노거수에 대한 보호 및 관리 강화는 유적의 보존에 있어 매우 중요한 부분이다. 본 연구는 노거수의 건강성 평가체계정립을 위한 위험 지표인자를 검증하여 위험에 처해 있는 노거수의 보호 및 관리에 평가 방법을 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 선행 연구에서 도출된 지표와 상대적 중요도를 토대로 100점을 기준으로 변환점수를 계산하여 평가점수표를 작성하였고, 평가 점수표의 합계에 따라 5등급으로 평가를 실시하였다. 그리고 연구의 실증을 위해 양동마을의 노거수를 사례대상으로 현장조사와 실내 측정을 통해 각 지표의 실제 위험도를 평가하고, 위험등급을 산출하였다. 양동마을 내 노거수의 건강성 평가 결과는 약 70%가 C등급으로 나타나 세심한 보호 관리가 필요하다. 연구결과, 5등급 점수표에 의한 등급별 판단 기준 설정 및 건강성 평가체계 수립은 양동마을의 실제상황을 반영할 수 있어 실용성과 과학성이 있는 것으로 판단된다. The protection and management of old trees is important in the context of heritage protection and landscape construction. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk indicators of the health evaluation system for the old trees, and to provide methods for the protection and management of the old trees that are at risk. According to the index and weighted values obtained in the previous study the scores can be calculated on a 100-point scale. According to the score, the grades are divided into 5 levels. This study takes the case of a total of 30 old trees, including a Chinese juniper, located in Gyeongju Yangdong village, to evaluate the degree of danger in their actual condition. The results showed that of the Chinese juniper tree is at the healthy level, with the score of about 70, and is therefore in Level C. The trees in Yangdong village at high risk should be improved quickly. The standards set for the 5-level score graph and the establishment of a health evaluation system can reflect the actual situation of the old trees in Yangdong village, so it is both practical and scientific.
Tian Ding,Yong-Guo Jin,S. M. E. Rahman,Jai-Moung Kim,Kang-Hyun Choi,Gye-Sun Choi,오덕환 한국식품위생안전성학회 2009 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.24 No.3
This study was conducted to develop a model for describing the effect of storage temperature (4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35oC) on the growth of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ready-to-eat (RTE) lettuce treated with or without (control) alkaline electrolyzed water (AIEW). The growth curves were well fitted with the Gompertz equation, which was used to determine the specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) of E. coli O157 : H7 (R2 = 0.994). Results showed that the obtained SGR and LT were dependent on the storage temperature. The growth rate increased with increasing temperature from 4 to 35oC. The square root models were used to evaluate the effect of storage temperature on the growth of E. coli O157 : H7 in lettuce samples treated without or with AIEW. The coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted determination coefficient (R2 Adj), and mean square error (MSE) were employed to validate the established models. It showed that R2 and R2 Adj were close to 1 (> 0.93), and MSE calculated from models of untreated and treated lettuce were 0.031 and 0.025, respectively. The results demonstrated that the overall predictions of the growth of E. coli O157 : H7 agreed with the observed data. This study was conducted to develop a model for describing the effect of storage temperature (4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35oC) on the growth of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ready-to-eat (RTE) lettuce treated with or without (control) alkaline electrolyzed water (AIEW). The growth curves were well fitted with the Gompertz equation, which was used to determine the specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) of E. coli O157 : H7 (R2 = 0.994). Results showed that the obtained SGR and LT were dependent on the storage temperature. The growth rate increased with increasing temperature from 4 to 35oC. The square root models were used to evaluate the effect of storage temperature on the growth of E. coli O157 : H7 in lettuce samples treated without or with AIEW. The coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted determination coefficient (R2 Adj), and mean square error (MSE) were employed to validate the established models. It showed that R2 and R2 Adj were close to 1 (> 0.93), and MSE calculated from models of untreated and treated lettuce were 0.031 and 0.025, respectively. The results demonstrated that the overall predictions of the growth of E. coli O157 : H7 agreed with the observed data.
Tian, Shu-Bo,Yu, Jian-Chun,Kang, Wei-Ming,Ma, Zhi-Qiang,Ye, Xin,Cao, Zhan-Jiang,Yan, Chao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.15
Our aim was to investigate the value of combined detection of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, CA 242 and CA 50 in diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in consecutive gastric cancer patients. Clinical data including preoperative serum CEA, CA 19-9, CA 242, and CA 50 values and information on clinical pathological factors were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were used to explore the relationship between tumor markers and survival. Positive rates of tumor markers CEA, CA 19-9, CA 242 and CA 50 in the diagnosis of gastric cancer were 17.7, 17.1, 20.4 and 13.8%, respectively, and the positive rate for all four markers combined was 36.6%. Patients with elevated preoperative serum concentrations of CEA, CA 19-9, CA 242 and CA 50, had late clinical tumor stage and significantly poorer overall survival. Five-year survival rates in patients with elevated CEA, CA 19-9, CA 242 and CA 50 were 28.1, 25.8, 27.0 and 24.1%, respectively, compared with 55.0, 55.4, 56.4 and 54.5% in patients with these markers at normal levels (p<0.01). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses, an elevated CA 242 level was determined to be an independent prognostic marker in gastric cancer patients. Combined detection of four tumor markers increased the positive rate for gastric cancer diagnosis. CA 242 showed higher diagnostic value and CA 50 showed lower diagnostic value. In resectable gastric carcinoma, preoperative CA 242 level was associated with disease stage, and was found to be a significant independent prognostic marker in gastric cancer patients.
Kang Yuan,Jiaming Zhang,Junlin Guo,Wan Tian 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.23 No.4
The seismic capacity of rural buildings is low and effective execution of the traditional seismic measures is difficult. Therefore, a new type of composite isolation system, which is suitable for rural buildings in frozen earth regions, is proposed in this work. The design parameters and dynamic response characteristics of this system under rare earthquakes were investigated via systematic dynamic elastic-plastic time-history analyses performed on four different types of models. These models were established by the finite element software ABAQUS, and a composite isolation structure, sliding isolation structure, sand cushion isolation structure, and traditional masonry structure were considered. Afterward, the seismic response characteristics and design parameters of the composite isolation system were obtained by comparing the dynamic response analysis results (acceleration, displacement, and bottom shearing force) of each model. The best isolation effect was realized for the composite isolation system, where the seismic energy can be effectively absorbed and the impact of frost heaving on buildings can be eliminated. Furthermore, this effect will improve with decreasing friction coefficient of the sliding layer and increasing seismic intensity. Based on the preset isolation rate of 40%, the design values of the friction coefficient were determined to be 0.1–0.35, which are appropriate for high-seismic-intensity regions.