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The preparation of CIGS (Cu(In,Ga)Se2) by a solution route method
Theeranun Siritanon,Thapanee Sarakonsri,Chanchana Thanachayanont 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2009 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.10 No.4
Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) nanoparticles which are used as a precursor material for a CIGS absorber layer for CIGS-based solar cells were successfully synthesized by a simple solution route. The dispersed metal ions were reduced simultaneously in the solutions using zinc particles. The types of solvent, size of zinc particle, and reaction temperature were studied as the parameters of synthesis. The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that suitable conditions to synthesize CIGS particles were ethylene glycol as a solvent, zinc powder (45 micrometers) as a reducing agent and 60 degree Celsius as a reaction temperature. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) nanoparticles which are used as a precursor material for a CIGS absorber layer for CIGS-based solar cells were successfully synthesized by a simple solution route. The dispersed metal ions were reduced simultaneously in the solutions using zinc particles. The types of solvent, size of zinc particle, and reaction temperature were studied as the parameters of synthesis. The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that suitable conditions to synthesize CIGS particles were ethylene glycol as a solvent, zinc powder (45 micrometers) as a reducing agent and 60 degree Celsius as a reaction temperature.
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Thitima Waket,Thapanee Sarakonsri,Katerina E. Aifantis,Stephen A. Hackney 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.2
Both tin (Sn) and sulfur (S) can act as hosts for lithium-ions and, therefore, Sn/C and SnS/C nanocomposites, prepared by thesolution method, have the potential to be used as anodes in next-generation Li-ion batteries. One of the key factors in the designof promising anodes is the ability of their microstructure to accommodate the Li-insertion and de-insertion; hence, in thepresent study, various carbon types were employed, and the metal volume fractions (S and Sn) were varied in order todetermine the most promising microstructures. Particularly, the types of carbons, which were considered in this study, wereartificial graphite (AG), mesocarbonmicrobeads (MCMB), and graphene (GC). To prepare Sn/graphene composites, theamount of Sn was made to vary between 10 wt.% and 20 wt.%. As for the SnS/C materials, the Sn and S ratios were 10 : 10and 20 : 20, and the types of carbon used were MCMB and AG. X-ray diffraction showed that Sn and SnS phases develop withingraphite, and scanning electron microscopy revealed that these phases disperse well in graphite. Furthermore, transmissionelectron microscopy allowed for a better observation of the nanometer dimensions of the particle size in all the samples.
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Plasma modified carbon supported Pt and PtRu electrocatalyst materials for PEMFCs
Suwit Suthirakun,Thapanee Sarakonsri,Suparerk Aukkaravittayapun,Thiraphat Vilaithong 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2009 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.10 No.4
In this study, Pt and PtRu supported on N2 plasma treated carbon were prepared by a simple microwave-assisted solution method using ethylene glycol as both a reducing agent and the solvent. The N2 plasma treatment of the carbon supporter provided C-N and C = N functional groups on the surface of the carbon support which are the active sites for hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. Moreover, by employing microwave heated polyol, Pt and PtRu solutions can be reduced by ethylene glycol and become Pt metal or PtRu alloy on the carbon support. Depending on these procedures and physical and electrochemical characterizations, Pt and PtRu supported on plasma treated carbon were obtained and their catalytic activity studied. X-ray diffraction patterns of the catalysts prepared indicated the crystallographic structure of Pt/C and PtRu/C. TEM images of the catalysts prepared showed the particle size of Pt/C catalysts to be about 1.67 nm and for the PtRu/C catalyst it was about 1.04 nm. The catalysts prepared were homogeneously distributed on the carbon supports. Among the catalysts prepared and commercial Pt catalysts, PtRu catalyst supported on plasma treated carbon showed the highest electrochemical activity. In this study, Pt and PtRu supported on N2 plasma treated carbon were prepared by a simple microwave-assisted solution method using ethylene glycol as both a reducing agent and the solvent. The N2 plasma treatment of the carbon supporter provided C-N and C = N functional groups on the surface of the carbon support which are the active sites for hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. Moreover, by employing microwave heated polyol, Pt and PtRu solutions can be reduced by ethylene glycol and become Pt metal or PtRu alloy on the carbon support. Depending on these procedures and physical and electrochemical characterizations, Pt and PtRu supported on plasma treated carbon were obtained and their catalytic activity studied. X-ray diffraction patterns of the catalysts prepared indicated the crystallographic structure of Pt/C and PtRu/C. TEM images of the catalysts prepared showed the particle size of Pt/C catalysts to be about 1.67 nm and for the PtRu/C catalyst it was about 1.04 nm. The catalysts prepared were homogeneously distributed on the carbon supports. Among the catalysts prepared and commercial Pt catalysts, PtRu catalyst supported on plasma treated carbon showed the highest electrochemical activity.
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A survey of pre-service teachers’ acceptance of technology in Thailand
Timothy Teo,Jintavee Khlaisang,Thapanee Thammetar,Kobkul Sunphakitjumnong,Anirut Satiman,Nammon Ruangrit 서울대학교 교육연구소 2014 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.15 No.4
In the recent decade, Thailand has launched many initiatives to ensure that technology is integrated into the school curriculum. Despite the investment and efforts of the government, few studies have been conducted to examine users’ acceptance of technology. Given that educators are the change agents in many educational initiatives, it is important to gain insights into the factors that influence their uses of technology for teaching and learning. The aim of this study is to survey the level of technology acceptance among pre-service teachers in Thailand. In so doing, the level of technology acceptance among a national sample of 969 pre-service teachers was measured and whether their acceptance was significantly differentiated by gender, age, perceived technology competence, and computer experience was assessed. Using the Technology Acceptance Measure for Pre-service Teachers (Teo in Educ Psychol Meas 70(6):990–1006, 2010a; Multicult Educ Technol J 4(3):163–172, 2010b), the results provided preliminary evidence which suggests that pre-service teachers possess an above-average level of technology acceptance and that computer experience acted as a mediator of technology acceptance. To some degree, this study has contributed to the ensuing debates on technology acceptance in education and offered additional insights into the advancement of technology integration in Asia.
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Jarulertwathana, Nutpaphat,Laokawee, Viratchara,Susingrat, Warapa,Hwang, Seong-Ju,Sarakonsri, Thapanee Springer-Verlag 2017 Journal of materials science Materials in electron Vol.28 No.24
<P>Tin/graphene-based composites were synthesized as easy-to-prepare alternative anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was obtained from the oxidation of pristine graphite by modified Hummers' method followed by thermal treatment at 500 A degrees C for 5 h under N-2 atmosphere. Nitrogen-doped graphene (NrGO) sheets were prepared via thermal annealing of rGO and melamine (1:5 by weight) at 800 A degrees C for 1 h under N-2 environment. The chemical reduction method was used to synthesize the composites. The Sn content in Sn/rGO and Sn/NrGO was varied as 10 and 20 wt%. The rGO and NrGO supporting materials had large surface areas and were exfoliated graphite structure. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns showed that Sn/rGO and Sn/NrGO composites contained Sn and graphene-based supporter. The electron microscopic measurements granted the composite morphology, in which they consisted of small Sn particles anchored on rGO and NrGO surfaces. The 20Sn/rGO and 20Sn/NrGO composites delivered large reversible specific capacities of 793 and 755 mAh g(- 1), respectively, at a current density of 100 mA g(- 1). The prepared composites also provide high stability, indicating the promising anode performance for LIBs.</P>
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Directions of APEC Future Policy for ICT in Education
Mohamad Zaini bin Mohd,Zhou Ling,Zabani bin Darns,Ranbsun Wiboonupptaum,Thapanee Thummetha APEC국제교육협력원 2007 Asia-Pacific Cybereducation Journal Vol.3 No.1
'Directions of APEC Future Policy for JCT in Education' aims at identifYing trends of APEC policy for ICT in education, its related issues, and makes recommendations for future policies. The results of this research are expected to provide a benchmark for educational ICT policy making in APEC economies with reference to policy trends produced by this project. They also provide insights and hindsight on ICT educational policymaking to all parties concerned. APEC economies should find the results beneficial in terms of new policymaking and enhancement of present policies. The recommended policy areas should be translated to generate businesses suited for industries related to ICT and education. As to the methodology, from eleven APEC economies the sample is reduced to eight due to complications in communications and documentation. Information needed was obtained through the internet. The project leader organized and distributed the collected data online to other members of the project (PR. China & Thailand) for analysis. The technique of content analysis was applied and trends on APEC educational JCT policy were identified. Findings from the data analysis were tabulated and are attached as appendices in the APEC white paper.
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