Removal of leather tanning agent syntan from aqueous solution using Fenton oxidation followed by GAC adsorption

R. Thankappan,T.V. Nguyen,S.V. Srinivasan,S Vigneswaran,J. Kandasamy,P. Loganathan 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1

The optimum conditions for the removal of leather tanning agent syntan from aqueous solution byFenton oxidation at 22 8C for an initial syntan concentration of 500 mg/L were pH 3, and concentrationsof H2O2 and FeSO4 of 300 mg/L and 500 mg/L, respectively. Fenton oxidation followed by granularactivated carbon (GAC) adsorption in fixed-bed column resulted in more than 95% removal of dissolvedorganic carbon, compared to 55–70% removal by Fenton oxidation alone and GAC adsorption alone. Theremoval of individual organic fractions was also higher for the combined treatment compared to theFenton oxidation alone.

Efficacy of the Multifidus Retraining Program in Computer Professionals with Chronic Low Back Pain

Leo Rathinaraj Antony Soundararajan,Sreeja Mannickal Thankappan 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.3

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Purpose: To contrast the efficacy of two exercise programs—multifidus retraining program (MRP) and traditional back exercises (TBE)—on pain and functional disability in individuals with chronic low back pain. Overview of Literature: Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder. Mechanical low back pain does not involve nerve roots. Stability of the spine is provided by the ligaments and muscles of the lower back and abdomen. Although weakness of the superficial trunk and abdominal muscles are the primary risk factors, recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of weakness and lack of control of the deep trunk muscles, especially the multifidus and transverse abdominis muscles. Therefore, exercises to restore optimal lumbar multifidus function are important in rehabilitation strategies. Methods: Thirty individuals were randomly assigned to receive TBE, where exercises focused on the superficial muscles of abdomen and low back (control, group A) and MRP, where exercises focused on the deep multifidus muscles fibers (experimental, group B). Groups were examined to find the effect of these exercises on visual analog scale rated pain (visual analogical scale) and functional disability assessed by the Oswestry disability questionnaire. The exercise program lasted for 6 weeks on alternate days, with 20 repetitions of each exercise, with each move held for 5–8 seconds. Subjects were evaluated at the start of the study and after completion of the 6-week exercise program. Results: As compared to baseline, both treatments were effective in relieving pain and improving disability (p <0.001). The MRP group had significant gains for pain and functional disability when compared to the TBE group (both p <0.001). Conclusions: Both techniques lessen pain and reduce disability. MRP is superior to TBE in reducing pain and improving function.

Pattern of Tobacco Use and its Correlates among Older Adults in India

Mini, G.K.,Sarma, P.S.,Thankappan, K.R. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.15

Purpose: We examined tobacco use pattern and its correlates among older adults. Materials and Methods: We used data of 9,852 older adults (${\geq}60$ years) (men 47% mean age 68 years) collected by the United Nations Population Fund on Ageing from seven Indian states. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the correlates of tobacco use. Results: Current use of any form of tobacco was reported by 27.8% (men 37.9%, women 18.8%); 9.2% reported only smoking tobacco, 16.9% smokeless tobacco only and 1.7% used both forms. Alcohol users (OR:5.20, 95% CI:4.06-6.66), men (OR:2.92, CI :2.71-3.47), those reporting lower income (OR:2.74, CI:2.16-3.46), rural residents (OR 1.34, CI 1.17-1.54) and lower castes (OR:1.29, CI:1.13-1.47) were more likely to use any form of tobacco compared to their counterparts. Conclusions: Tobacco cessation interventions are warranted in this population focusing on alcohol users, men, those from lower income, rural residents and those belonging to a lower caste.

Isolation and Identification of Cytotoxic and Biological Active Toxin from the Puffer Fish Arothron stellatus

Veeruraj, Anguchamy,Pugazhvendan, Sampath Renuga,Ajithkumar, Thipramalai Thankappan,Arumugam, Muthuvel Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2016 Toxicological Research Vol.32 No.3

This study is to investigate the biological, biochemical and cytotoxic effects of puffer fish (Arothron stellatus) toxin extracts under in-vitro condition. Extracted toxins from various organs of puffer fish were purified by using active charcoal column, and Bio-gel-P2 column chromatography. The lethality of toxin was tested in crabs, which consists of neurotoxic compounds. The degree of the brine shrimp lethality assay was found directly proportional to the concentration of the toxin extracts, which was well supported by hemolytic assay. The experimental results suggested that the gonad was found higher toxins than the liver and muscles. The mortality rate of brine shrimp nauplii was increased with the raise of concentrations of toxin level. Among the different doses and time dependent cytotoxic effect of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells were showed $4.0{\mu}g/mL$ of toxin, which was effectively inhibited cancer cell proliferation. HPLC and TLC analysis was revealed that the A. stellatus toxin contains tetrodotoxin (TTX), related compounds 4-epi TTX and anhydro-TTX. The present results suggested that the A. stellatus contain TTX as a major and anh-TTX as a minor toxin. It could be the potential candidate in the field of anticancer drug discovery against human cervical cancer cells. The present data is confirming that the puffer fish toxin as an interesting source of novel bioactive natural compounds with potent applications in pharmacology.

Isolation and Identification of Cytotoxic and Biological Active Toxin from the Puffer Fish Arothron stellatus

Anguchamy Veeruraj,Sampath Renuga Pugazhvendan,Thipramalai Thankappan Ajithku,Muthuvel Arumugam 한국독성학회 2016 Toxicological Research Vol.32 No.3

This study is to investigate the biological, biochemical and cytotoxic effects of puffer fish (Arothron stellatus) toxin extracts under in-vitro condition. Extracted toxins from various organs of puffer fish were purified by using active charcoal column, and Bio-gel-P2 column chromatography. The lethality of toxin was tested in crabs, which consists of neurotoxic compounds. The degree of the brine shrimp lethality assay was found directly proportional to the concentration of the toxin extracts, which was well supported by hemolytic assay. The experimental results suggested that the gonad was found higher toxins than the liver and muscles. The mortality rate of brine shrimp nauplii was increased with the raise of concentrations of toxin level. Among the different doses and time dependent cytotoxic effect of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells were showed 4.0 μg/mL of toxin, which was effectively inhibited cancer cell proliferation. HPLC and TLC analysis was revealed that the A. stellatus toxin contains tetrodotoxin (TTX), related compounds 4-epi TTX and anhydro-TTX. The present results suggested that the A. stellatus contain TTX as a major and anh-TTX as a minor toxin. It could be the potential candidate in the field of anticancer drug discovery against human cervical cancer cells. The present data is confirming that the puffer fish toxin as an interesting source of novel bioactive natural compounds with potent applications in pharmacology.

Induction of in vitro root tubers in Holostemma annulare (Roxb.) K. Schum. for the production of bioactive metabolites

Padmavathi Amma Somasekharan Nair Smitha Devi,Achuthan Sudarsanan Hemanthakumar,Thankappan Suvarna Preetha 한국식물생명공학회 2022 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.49 No.3

Holostemma annulare (Family Asclepiadaceae) is an invaluable vulnerable medicinal plant; the root tubers are used in Ayurveda medicine and by folk healers to treat various ailments. In this study, Schenk and Hildebrandt medium fortified with the cytokinins 6-benzyl adenine, kinetin, and auxins, including indole 3-butyric acid, indole 3-acetic acid, α-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, were checked for their efficiency on root tuber induction from different explants. Adventitious root tubers were more successfully induced from in vitro leaf segments and shoots when cultured in Schenk and Hildebrandt medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of α -naphthaleneacetic acid. In addition, preliminary phytochemical analysis of in vitro root tubers and identification of different secondary metabolites were conducted. Thin layer chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography analysis of the crude methanolic extracts of the in vitro root tuber identified the presence of lupeol, a bioactive triterpene. Adventitious root tuber induction offers a novel method for the in vitro production of bioactive metabolites that can be scaled up by bioreactors, thus ensuring the conservation and sustainable utilization of H. annulare. The study warrants further scale-up production and pharmacological investigation that can be extended for pharmaceutical needs.