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      • KCI등재

        High-Dietary Alpha-Tocopherol or Mixed Tocotrienols Have No Effect on Bone Mass, Density, or Turnover in Male Rats During Skeletal Maturation

        Katherine G. Tennant,Scott W. Leonard,Carmen P. Wong,Urszula T. Iwaniec,Russell T. Turner,Maret G Traber 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.7

        High levels of alpha-tocopherol, the usual vitamin E supplement, are reported to decrease bone mass in rodents; however, the effects of other vitamin E forms on the skeleton are unknown. To test the hypothesis that high intakes of various vitamin E forms or the vitamin E metabolite, carboxyethyl hydroxy chromanol, were detrimental to bone status, Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6 per group, 11-week males) for 18 weeks consumed semipurified diets that contained adequate alpha-tocopherol, high alpha-tocopherol (500 mg/kg diet), or 50% Tocomin (250 mg mixed tocopherols and tocotrienols/kg diet). Vitamin E status was evaluated by measuring plasma, liver, and bone marrow vitamin E concentrations. Bone density, microarchitecture (cross-sectional volume, cortical volume, marrow volume, cortical thickness, and cancellous bone volume fraction, trabecular number, thickness, and spacing), and cancellous bone formation were assessed in the tibia using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, microcomputed tomography, and histomorphometry, respectively. In addition, serum osteocalcin was assessed as a global marker of bone turnover; gene expression in response to treatment was evaluated in the femur using targeted (osteogenesis related) gene profiling. No significant differences were detected between treatment groups for any of the bone endpoints measured. Vitamin E supplementation, either as alpha-tocopherol or mixed tocotrienols, while increasing vitamin E concentrations both in plasma and tissues, had no effect on the skeleton in rats.

      • AHCISCOPUSKCI등재
      • KCI등재

        Meat quality of pork loins from Hereford×Berkshire female and intact male pigs reared in an alternative production system

        Yvette Robbins,박현석,Travis Tennant,Dana Hanson,Niki Whitley,민병록,오상현 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.9

        Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate pork quality from Hereford× Berkshire female and intact male pigs reared outdoors in an alternative production system. Methods: Berkshire purebred sows were artificially inseminated, once in the fall and again in the spring of the following year, with semen from Hereford boars and managed free of antibiotics in an outdoor hoop structure until the last month of pregnancy, after which they were moved to a pasture-based unit of 0.8 hectares with individual lots with a farrowing hut, shade, and water ad libitum. Piglets were weaned at 4 weeks of age and housed in a deep-bedded hoop structure, grouped by sex. Animals were harvested at market weight of 125 kg, approximately 200 days of age. Hot carcass weight was collected at the time of the harvest. After 24 hours of refrigeration, carcass characteristics were measured. Longissimus dorsi samples collected from the right side loin. Loins were cut into 2.54-cm thick chops and were used to measure marbling score, color score, drip loss, and ultimate pH. Sensory panel tests were conducted as well at North Carolina State University. For pork characteristics and sensory panel data, trial and sex were included in the statistical model as fixed effects. Hot carcass weight was included in the model as a covariate for backfat thickness. Results: Neither the subjective nor the objective color scores displayed any differences between the boars and the gilts. No difference was found for pH and marbling score between trials or sexes. Gilts had a thicker backfat measurement at the last lumbar and a narrower longissimus muscle area measurement when compared to the boars. The only difference in the sensory characteristics was found between the trials for texture and moisture scores. Conclusion: Consumers were not able to detect boar taint under the condition of this study, which is that the intact males were reared outdoors. Additional trials would be necessary; however, based on the results of the present study, outdoor rearing can be suggested as a solution to the issue of boar taint.

      • Evaluation of a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Library System: Preliminary Results

        Paul Golding,Vanesa Tennant 보안공학연구지원센터 2008 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.3 No.1

        The literature has indicated that libraries in developed countries are fast growing early adopters of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. The adoption of RFID in supply chain has reported superior growth, spurred by mandate compliance from global retailers such as Wal-Mart and Target. Numerous tests have been performed in a variety of supply chain environment to determine the performance requirements, physical characteristics and limitations to achieve a near 100% read rate. However, the literature is sparse on reports of performance testing in a library setting, and results from supply chain testing should be reluctantly applied to other environments. Based on the above, this study addresses this gap in the literature with the execution of test cases to examine the operational efficiencies of the inventory reader and the self-check station. The study was conducted at a university library with a test sample of 200 books of different types. The factors examined include tag placement, reader orientation sensitivity, read distance, and metal and other possible sources of electromagnetic interference. Each test case was executed repeatedly and the accuracy rate was recorded. Additionally, a spectrum analyzer was used to monitor possible sources of interference. The preliminary findings suggested that mobile phones and wireless computers have no effect on the performance of the self-check station or inventory reader. In addition, the preliminary results also suggest that metallic shelves affect the performance of the inventory reader with reduced read rate accuracy.

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        Status of paratyphoid fever vaccine research and development

        Martin, L.B.,Simon, R.,MacLennan, C.A.,Tennant, S.M.,Sahastrabuddhe, S.,Khan, M.I. Butterworths ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Vaccine Vol.34 No.26

        Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi (S. Paratyphi) A and B cause enteric fever in humans. Of the paratyphoid group, S. Paratyphi A is the most common serovar. In 2000, there were an estimated 5.4 million cases of S. Paratyphi A worldwide. More recently paratyphoid fever has accounted for an increasing fraction of all cases of enteric fever. Although vaccines for typhoid fever have been developed and in use for decades, vaccines for paratyphoid fever have not yet been licensed. Several S. Paratyphi A vaccines, however, are in development and based on either whole cell live-attenuated strains or repeating units of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen (O:2) conjugated to different protein carriers. An O-specific polysaccharide (O:2) of S. Paratyphi A conjugated to tetanus toxoid (O:2-TT), for example, has been determined to be safe and immunogenic after one dose in Phase I and Phase II trials. Two other conjugated vaccine candidates linked to diphtheria toxin and a live-attenuated oral vaccine candidate are currently in preclinical development. As promising vaccine candidates are advanced along the development pipeline, an adequate supply of vaccines will need to be ensured to meet growing demand, particularly in the most affected countries.

      • KCI등재

        Natural Iminosugar Derivatives of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Inhibit Glycosylation of Hepatitis Viral Envelope Proteins

        James R. Jacob,Keith Mansfield,Jung Eun You,Bud C. Tennant,Young Ho Kim 한국미생물학회 2007 The journal of microbiology Vol.45 No.5

        A silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) extract known to contain naturally occurring iminosugars, including 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) derived from the mulberry tree (Morus alba L.), was evaluated in surrogate HCV and HBV in vitro assays. Antiviral activity of the silkworm extract and one of its purified constituents, 1-DNJ, was demonstrated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and GB virus-B (GBV-B), both members of the Flaviviridae family, and against woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), both members of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. The silkworm extract exhibited a 1,300 fold greater antiviral effect against BVDV in comparison to purified 1-DNJ. Glycoprotein processing of BVDV envelope proteins was disrupted upon treatment with the naturally derived components. The glycosylation of the WHV envelope proteins was affected largely by treatment with the silkworm extract than with purified 1-DNJ as well. The mechanism of action for this therapy may lie in the generation of defective particles that are unable to initiate the next cycle of infection as demonstrated by inhibition of GBV-B in vitro. We postulate that the five constituent iminosugars present in the silkworm extract contribute, in a synergistic manner, toward the antiviral effects observed for the inhibition of intact maturation of hepatitis viral particles and may complement conventional therapies. These results indicate that pre-clinical testing of the natural silkworm extract with regards to the efficacy of treatment against viral hepatitis infections can be evaluated in the respective animal models, in preparation for clinical trials in humans.

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