Systems biology approaches to investigating the roles of extracellular vesicles in human diseases

András Gézsi,Árpád Kovács,Tamás Visnovitz,Edit I. Buzás 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-

substantial attention as carriers of complex intercellular information. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes in health and disease. They are also considered to hold promise for future diagnostics and therapy. EVs are characterized by a previously underappreciated heterogeneity. The heterogeneity and molecular complexity of EVs necessitates high-throughput analytical platforms for detailed analysis. Recently, mass spectrometry, nextgeneration sequencing and bioinformatics tools have enabled detailed proteomic, transcriptomic, glycomic, lipidomic, metabolomic, and genomic analyses of EVs. Here, we provide an overview of systems biology experiments performed in the field of EVs. Furthermore, we provide examples of how in silico systems biology approaches can be used to identify correlations between genes involved in EV biogenesis and human diseases. Using a knowledge fusion system, we investigated whether certain groups of proteins implicated in the biogenesis/release of EVs were associated with diseases and phenotypes. Furthermore, we investigated whether these proteins were enriched in publicly available transcriptomic datasets using gene set enrichment analysis methods. We found associations between key EV biogenesis proteins and numerous diseases, which further emphasizes the key role of EVs in human health and disease.

Development of Polyspermic Embryos in IVP Systems of Farm Animals

Tamás Somfai,Kazuhiro Kikuchi,Takashi Nagai,Kei Imai 한국동물번식학회 2008 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.32 No.2s

THE DETERMINANTS OF TRUSTING AND RECIPROCAL BEHAVIOUR : EVIDENCE FROM AN INTERCULTURAL EXPERIMENT

CSONGOR CSUKÁS,PAULO FRACALANZA,TAMÁS KOVÁCS,MARC WILLINGER 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2008 Journal of Economic Development Vol.33 No.1

In this paper we provide evidence that trust and reciprocity, the two key elements of social capital, are affected by country differences. Based on the amounts sent and returned in the investment game by student subjects we find evidence on trusting and reciprocal behaviour and we show significant cross-country differences between the levels of trust and reciprocity. We also show that the answers for ‘trust in strangers’ type attitudinal questions have a significant effect either on trusting or reciprocal behaviour, while gender does not affect any of them. We report that reciprocity is affected by the same variables as trust: in particular stated trust has a significant influence on reciprocal behaviour, which can be explained by attitudes such as projective reasoning. Furthermore, we find that questionnaire based rankings of countries are poor predictors of trusting behaviour rankings, which is mainly due to the differences in strength of correlation between stated trust and trusting behaviour country-by-country. In this paper we provide evidence that trust and reciprocity, the two key elements of social capital, are affected by country differences. Based on the amounts sent and returned in the investment game by student subjects we find evidence on trusting and reciprocal behaviour and we show significant cross-country differences between the levels of trust and reciprocity. We also show that the answers for ‘trust in strangers’ type attitudinal questions have a significant effect either on trusting or reciprocal behaviour, while gender does not affect any of them. We report that reciprocity is affected by the same variables as trust: in particular stated trust has a significant influence on reciprocal behaviour, which can be explained by attitudes such as projective reasoning. Furthermore, we find that questionnaire based rankings of countries are poor predictors of trusting behaviour rankings, which is mainly due to the differences in strength of correlation between stated trust and trusting behaviour country-by-country.

Cost–benefit analysis of remote sensing data types for mapping mosquito breeding sites

Zoltán Kenyeres,Norbert Bauer,László Bertalan,Gergely Szabó,András Márkus,Tamás Sáringer‑Kenyeres,Szilard Szabó 대한공간정보학회 2023 Spatial Information Research Vol.31 No.4

Environmentally friendly biological mosquito control by Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulations needs appropriate breeding maps. The mapping accuracy depends on the quality of the used remote sensing data. Further, the mapping is expected to be cost-effective. Our aim was to study the effect of the quality of various remote sensing data on the applicability of the maps. We depicted larval habitats by manual interpretation in Quantum GIS 3.16.1 software using remote sensing data of SENTINEL, Google Earth, commercial geoTIFF RGB orthophoto, individual unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) RGB, and multispectral mosaics. Based on our results, after classification of the target area by sorting, mixed-use of remote sensing data is required to achieve a highly cost-efficient mapping: RGB aerial photographs with 0.5 m per pixel resolution can be used efficiently in areas dominated by grassland habitats, while forest areas need customised footage taken by UAS or drones during the foliage-free period (15 cm per pixel resolution, multispectral technique). Our cost–benefit analysis showed that the aim-optimised method could reduce investment to 6–8% and the cost of data collection to 20–50% of the highest budget. This result is significant for all participants of biological mosquito control.

Novel genes in Human Asthma Based on a Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation and Human Investigations

Gergely Temesi,Viktor Virág,Éva Hadadi,Ildikó Ungvári,Lili E Fodor,András Bikov,Adrienne Nagy,Gabriella Gálffy,Lilla Tamási,Ildikó Horváth,András Kiss,Gábor Hullám,András Gézsi,Péter Sárközy,Péter Ant 대한천식알레르기학회 2014 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.6 No.6

Purpose:Based on a previous gene expression study in a mouse model of asthma, we selected 60 candidate genes and investigated their possible roles in human asthma. Methods: In these candidate genes, 90 SNPs were genotyped using MassARRAY technology from 311 asthmatic children and 360 healthy controls of the Hungarian (Caucasian) population. Moreover, gene expression levels were measured by RT PCR in the induced sputum of 13 asthmatics and 10 control individuals. t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were carried out in order to assess associations of SNP frequency and expression level with asthma. Permutation tests were performed to account for multiple hypothesis testing. Results: The frequency of 4 SNPs in 2 genes differed significantly between asthmatic and control subjects: SNPs rs2240572, rs2240571, rs3735222 in gene SCIN, and rs32588 in gene PPARGC1B. Carriers of the minor alleles had reduced risk of asthma with an odds ratio of 0.64 (0.51-0.80; P=7×10-5) in SCIN and 0.56 (0.42-0.76; P=1.2×10-4) in PPARGC1B. The expression levels of SCIN, PPARGC1B and ITLN1 genes were significantly lower in the sputum of asthmatics. Conclusions: Three potentially novel asthma-associated genes were identified based on mouse experiments and human studies.

Selective hydrogenation of benzonitrile and its homologues to primary amines over platinum

Krisztina Lévay,Tamás Kárpáti,László Heged}us 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.101 No.-

Various supported precious metal (Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir) catalysts have been screened in the reduction of benzonitrile(BN), benzyl cyanide (BC) and 3-phenylpropionitrile (PPN) to benzylamine (BA), 2-phenylethylamine (PEA) and 3-phenylpropylamine (PPA), using our method for selective, heterogeneous,palladium-catalysed hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines developed previously. A readily availableplatinum on carbon catalyst (10% Pt/C) afforded the best results obtaining complete conversion ofnitriles, as well as comparatively high isolated yields (58–70%) and selectivities to primary amines(57–68%) under mild and optimized conditions [6 bar, 30 C, two immiscible solvents (dichloromethane/water or toluene/water), acidic additives (NaH2PO4, (NH4)H2PO4 or H2SO4)]. Contrary to the typicalhigh secondary amine selectivity of platinum, surprisingly, this Pt/C catalyst proved to be much moreeffective and selective in the formation of PEA and PPA than a Pd/C one applied earlier. To clear the divergencesin the primary amine selectivity observed, quantum chemical calculations (DFT) were accomplishedrelated to the adsorption interactions between the imine intermediates and platinum.

Investigation of the Possible Role of the Hippo/YAP1 Pathway in Asthma and Allergy

Lili E Fodor,András Gézsi,Ildikó Ungvári,Ágnes F. Semsei,Zsófia Gál,Adrienne Nagy,Gabriella Gálffy,Lilla Tamási,András Kiss,Péter Antal,Csaba Szalai 대한천식알레르기학회 2017 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.9 No.3

Purpose: Several lines of evidence indicate that the Hippo/Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) pathways might play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. To investigate the possible role of the Hippo/YAP1 pathway in the pathogenesis of asthma or its phenotypes. Methods: The levels of gene expressions of the members of the Hippo/YAP1 were compared. The presence of the proteins of the YAP1 and FRMD6 were analyzed with Western blot in induced sputum of 18 asthmatic subjects and 10 control subjects. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the YAP1 gene were genotyped in 522 asthmatic subjects and 711 healthy controls. The results were evaluated with traditional frequentist methods and with Bayesian network-based Bayesian multilevel analysis of relevance (BN-BMLA). Results: The mRNA of all the members of the Hippo/YAP1 pathway could be detected in the induced sputum of both controls and cases. A correlation was found between YAP1 mRNA levels and sputum bronchial epithelial cells (r=0.575, P=0.003). The signal for the FRMD6 protein could be detected in all sputum samples while the YAP1 protein could not be detected in the sputum samples, of the healthy controls and severe asthmatics, but it was detectable in mild asthmatics. The rs2846836 SNP of the YAP1 gene was significantly associated with exercise-induced asthma (odds ratio [OR]=2.1 [1.3-3.4]; P=0.004). The distribution of genotypes of rs11225138 and certain haplotypes of the YAP1 gene showed significant differences between different asthma severity statuses. With BN-BMLA, 2 SNPs, genetic variations in the FRMD6 gene proved to be the most relevant to exercise-induced asthma and allergic rhinitis. These 2 SNPs through allergic rhinitis and exercise-induced asthma were in epistatic interaction with each other. Conclusions: Our results provided additional evidence that the FRMD6/Hippo/YAP1 pathway plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. If additional studies can confirm these findings, this pathway can be a potential novel therapeutic target in asthma and other inflammatory airway diseases.

Antifungal Activity of Extracellular Hydrolases Produced by Autolysing Aspergillus nidulans Cultures

Melinda Szilágyi,Fruzsina Anton,Katalin Forgács,유재혁,István Pócsi,Tamás Emri 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.5

Carbon-starving Aspergillus nidulans cultures produce high activities of versatile hydrolytic enzymes and, among these,ChiB endochitinase and EngA β-1,3-endoglucanase showed significant antifungal activity against various fungal species. Double deletion of engA and chiB diminished the antifungal activity of the fermentation broths and increased conidiogenesis and long-term viability of A. nidulans, but decreased the growth rate on culture media containing weak carbon sources. Production of ChiB and EngA can influence fungal communities either directly due to their antifungal properties or indirectly through their effects on vegetative growth. Our data suggest saprophytic fungi as promising future candidates to develop novel biocontrol technologies.

SPATIAL CLUSTERING FROM<i>GALEX</i>-SDSS SAMPLES: STAR FORMATION HISTORY AND LARGE-SCALE CLUSTERING

Heinis, Sé,bastien,Budavá,ri, Tamá,s,Szalay, Alex S.,Arnouts, Sté,phane,Aragó,n-Calvo, Miguel A.,Wyder, Ted K.,Barlow, Tom A.,Foster, Karl,Peter, Friedman G.,Martin, D. C IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.698 No.2

CD137 Expressed on Neutrophils Plays Dual Roles in Antibacterial Responses against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections

Nguyen, Quang-Tam,Nguyen, Thu-Ha T.,Ju, Seong-A.,Lee, Yea-Sol,Han, Seung Hyun,Lee, Sang-Chul,Kwon, Byoung S.,Yu, Rina,Kim, Gyu Yeol,Lee, Byung Ju,Kim, Byung-Sam American Society for Microbiology 2013 Infection and immunity Vol.81 No.6

<P>Severe sepsis and septic shock caused mainly by bacterial infections are life-threatening conditions that urge the development of novel therapies. However, host responses to and pathophysiology of sepsis have not been clearly understood, which remains a major obstacle for the development of effective therapeutics. Recently, we have shown that stimulation of a costimulatory molecule, CD137, enhanced survival of mice infected with the Gram-positive (G<SUP>+</SUP>) intracellular bacterium <I>Listeria monocytogenes</I> but decreased survival in a polymicrobial sepsis model. Herein, we report that CD137 deficiency or blocking of CD137 signaling decreased antibacterial responses of mice infected with G<SUP>+</SUP> bacteria (<I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>, <I>Streptococcus pneumoniae</I>, and <I>Enterococcus faecalis</I>) but increased these responses in mice infected with Gram-negative (G<SUP>−</SUP>) bacteria (<I>Escherichia coli</I>, <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I>, and <I>Salmonella enterica</I> serovar Typhimurium). Consistent with these findings, stimulation of CD137 by administration of agonistic antibody enhanced responses against G<SUP>+</SUP> bacteria, whereas it decreased these responses against G<SUP>−</SUP> bacteria. Neutrophils were responsible for CD137-mediated opposite roles in control of G<SUP>+</SUP> and G<SUP>−</SUP> bacterial infections. Stimulation of CD137 enhanced activities of neutrophils against <I>S. aureus</I> but decreased these activities against <I>E. coli</I>, while CD137 blocking produced opposite results with the stimulation of CD137 <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I>. Furthermore, we found that combined signaling of CD137 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) induced synergistic production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by neutrophils, but combined signaling of CD137 and TLR4 did not. Our data strongly suggest that CD137 may play a dual role in sepsis in association with TLRs.</P>