Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity and the State in Africa

Takehiko Ochiai 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2022 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.- No.52

The aim of this article is to examine the historical evolution of Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity and its socio-political effects in the area of an African state characterised by personal rule. The Pentecostal-Charismatic movement or Pentecostalism is the most dynamic and globally far-reaching movement within contemporary Christianity. The Pentecostal movement or classical Pentecostalism began as a Christian revival campaign that was active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and centred on the western coast of the United States. It emphasised direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit. The charismatic movement, also known as neo-Pentecostalism, emerged primarily in the 1960s in North America and Europe. And the Third Wave movement of the Holy Spirit, sometimes called the neo-charismatic movement, arose in the 1980s among American evangelicals. It can be said that the three movements—the Pentecostal, charismatic and Third Wave movements—belong to the same broad thrust of Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity. The article focuses on the healing crusades organised by Christ for All Nations (CfaN), which is an international evangelistic ministry founded in the 1970s by Reinhard Bonnke, a German missionary aligned with the Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity, and discusses the interplay between the crusades and African states. To reiterate the findings of this analysis, the Pentecostal-Charismatic movement has a dichotomous effect on African politics: it can help stabilise African states by depoliticising African consciousness and forging close mutual arrangements with national leaders; on the flipside, it can destabilise the states by inflaming religious tensions.

A COSMOLOGICAL PAH SURVEY WITH SPICA

Takehiko Wada,Eiichi Egami,Naofumi Fujishiro,Tomotsugu Goto,Masatoshi Imanishi,Hanae Inami,Daisuke Ishihara,Hidehiro Kaneda,Kotaro Kohno,Yusei Koyama,Hideo Matsuhara,Shuji Matsuura,Tohru Nagao,Youichi 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1

We propose a cosmological survey to probe star formation and nuclear activityin galaxies at redshifts of z = 2 - 4 by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) features usingthe SPICA mid-infrared instrument (SMI)with a spectral resolution of R = 20. We will cover a wavelength range of 20-36 μmthat corresponds to z = 2 - 4 for the PAH features(11.3, 7.7, and 6.2 μm). The sensitivity will be $1\times10^{-19}$ W/m$^2$ (5 $\sigma$)in case of a referencesurvey that covers 4 arcmin$^2$ field in a one-hour observation. It corresponds to L$_{\rm IR}$=$2\times10^{11}$ $L_\odot$ at z=3and will give us more than 10000 galaxies in a 450 hour survey.

Tin Displacement Plating Using Alginate Gel Particle

Takehiko Kawano,Isao Shitanda,Masayuki Itagaki,Kunihiro Watanabe 한국표면공학회 2008 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2008 No.-

CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE, LARGE-SCALE LAND ACQUISTIONS AND LAND REFORM IN SIERRA LEONE

Takehiko Ochiai 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2017 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.- No.42

In Sierra Leone, the National Land Policy that would form the basis for the upcoming land reform was formally adopted by cabinet in 2015. This paper considers the mutual relationships between customary land tenure, largescale land acquisitions, and land reform in Sierra Leone. More specifically, it explores precisely what customary land tenure signifies in the Sierra Leone context, the mechanisms by which large-scale land acquisitions by foreign investors have occurred there, and what amongst both Sierra Leone’s customary land tenure and recent large-scale land acquisitions may change or remain the same under the country’s upcoming program of land reform. In terms of what land reform may change or leave untouched, the paper suggests three points: (1) that customary land titles in the Provinces of Sierra Leone may be reinforced via the extension of surveying and land registration systems, but (2) customary powers and application of these powers by Paramount Chiefs in managing the land, which take precedence over the people’s land titles, will be left largely the same, and (3) large-scale land acquisitions will likely continue to be encouraged in future.

THE APPLICATION OF SHARIA AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE NATIVE COURT SYSTEM IN COLONIAL NORTHERN NIGERIA (1900-1960)

Takehiko Ochiai 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2020 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.- No.49

The aim of this article is to examine the history of the application of Sharia (Islamic Law) in colonial Northern Nigeria, focusing on the evolution of the native court system. In the article, we discuss how Sharia was practised in Northern Nigeria during the colonial period by dividing it into three phases. During the First Phase (1900-1932) Sharia was preserved, and native courts enjoyed a degree of autonomy under colonial administrators’ flexible, self-restrained supervision (the ‘preservation period’). However, in the Second Phase (1933-1953), native courts like Alkali and Emir Courts were tied to English ones through the appeals system. A ‘hierarchy among courts’ (in which the former were defined as inferior and the latter as superior), as well as a ‘normative hierarchy’ (in which Islamic criminal law was restricted by the codified Criminal Code), were established, reinforcing Sharia’s subjugation to the modern judiciary (the ‘period of subjugation’). In the Third Phase (1954-1960), the attempt by the Nigerian Muslim-led Government of the Northern Region to reach a political compromise did not restore Sharia (which had been subjugated by the colonisers), but rather created a situation in which Sharia’s application was restricted to personal law (the ‘period of compromise’).

A STUDY ON PULVERIZING CHARACTERISTIC OF VIBRATION MILL USING RING MEDIA FOR HIGH CAPACITY PULVERIZATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSE BIOMASS

Takehiko TAKAHASHI 한국신재생에너지학회 2017 AFORE Vol.2017 No.11

Thresholds of Genotoxic and Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens

Takehiko Nohmi 한국독성학회 2018 Toxicological Research Vol.34 No.4

Exposure to chemical agents is an inevitable consequence of modern society; some of these agents are hazardous to human health. The effects of chemical carcinogens are of great concern in many countries, and international organizations, such as the World Health Organization, have established guidelines for the regulation of these chemicals. Carcinogens are currently categorized into two classes, genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens, which are subject to different regulatory policies. Genotoxic carcinogens are chemicals that exert carcinogenicity via the induction of mutations. Owing to their DNA interaction properties, there is thought to be no safe exposure threshold or dose. Genotoxic carcinogens are regulated under the assumption that they pose a cancer risk for humans, even at very low doses. In contrast, non-genotoxic carcinogens, which induce cancer through mechanisms other than mutations, such as hormonal effects, cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, or epigenetic changes, are thought to have a safe exposure threshold or dose; thus, their use in society is permitted unless the exposure or intake level would exceed the threshold. Genotoxicity assays are an important method to distinguish the two classes of carcinogens. However, some carcinogens have negative results in in vitro bacterial mutation assays, but yield positive results in the in vivo transgenic rodent gene mutation assay. Non-DNA damage, such as spindle poison or topoisomerase inhibition, often leads to positive results in cytogenetic genotoxicity assays such as the chromosome aberration assay or the micronucleus assay. Therefore, mechanistic considerations of tumor induction, based on the results of the genotoxicity assays, are necessary to distinguish genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens. In this review, the concept of threshold of toxicological concern is introduced and the potential risk from multiple exposures to low doses of genotoxic carcinogens is also discussed.

Extended-Nano Fluidics and Optical Absorption Detection by TLM for Bioanalysis

Takehiko KITAMORI 한국생물공학회 2012 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.4

Impact Perforation Image Processing Using a Neural Network

Takehiko Ogawa,Syoichi Tanaka,Hajime Kanada,Hideaki Kasano 제어로봇시스템학회 2006 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.10

The Bifurcated Development of Land Policy in Sierra Leone

Takehiko OCHIAI 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2016 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.- No.40

Land policy in Sierra Leone has varied considerably between two regions of the country: the Western Area and the Provinces. The Western Area has its historical origin in the British Colony of Sierra Leone, and the English-style system of land tenure was introduced to and has remained fundamentally unchanged in the Colony (now the Western Area). The Provinces, on the other hand, originated from the British Protectorate of Sierra Leone, and the traditional system of land tenure based on customary law has been maintained there. In the Protectorate (now the Provinces), Paramount Chiefs have been regarded as a ‘custodian’ of land and have had a strong say on land matters. The aim of this paper is to examine the bifurcated development of land policy in Sierra Leone from a historical viewpoint. First, Sierra Leone’s administrative and judicial systems which have been closely linked to the dual land tenure system are described in order to grasp an overall picture of Sierra Leone as a bifurcated state. Having done this, the paper examines the historical development of land policy in the Western Area by dividing it into three periods: (1) the settlement period (1787-1807), (2) the period of Crown rule (1808-1961), and (3) post-independence period (1961- ), while the evolution of land policy in the Provinces is analysed in relation to three issues: (1) land tenure, (2) agricultural development, and (3) mineral resource development. Finally, the bird’s-eye overview of the National Land Policy, which was officially approved in 2015, is provided.