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Consumer Behavioral Systems to Approach or Avoid Generic Medicine (GM) Consumption in Japan
Takefumi Hosoda,Jay R. Fraser,Myung-Sook Kim,Hongsik John Cheon 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.5 No.2
Generic medicine (GM), which is an alternative drug product for branded medicine (BM), is used less in Japan than in other OECD countries. Therefore, we investigate why the medical consumers of Japan avoid the use of GMs even though the efficacy and safety of the medicines have already been proven. We theorize that effectiveness or risk of GMs are related to the consumer attitude toward GMs is affected by the behavioral approach/activation system (BAS) which promotes actions to reach the desired state, and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) which suppresses behaviors to avoid negative outcomes. To see which of the BAS and BIS dimensions are related to GM usage, we surveyed 374 Japanese consumers and found that Quality, Efficacy, Safety, & Cost-effectiveness with the BAS, and Functional Risk, Financial Risk, Social Risk, Physical Risk, Psychological Risk, & Time Risk with the BIS had a significant effect on consumer attitude to GMs. These results are important in that they 1), confirm the role of BAS/BIS in attitudes to GMs, 2), provide guidelines when marketing GMs, 3), help governments promote the use of GMs as a cost-saving measure, and 4), guide future surveys regarding consumer attitudes to GMs.
^31P-NMR Spectroscopy Evaluation of the Human Masseter Muscle in Normal and Bruxing Subjects
Negoro, Takefumi,Marcel, Tom,McNeill, Charles,Hatcher, David,Chew, Wilbert,Hiraba, Katsunari,Goto, Shigemi,Miller, Arthur J. Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 2001 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.26 No.2
^31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides a noninvasive tool to assess muscle metabolism during rest, exercise, and recovery. Each averaged spectrum demonstrated seven peaks: phosphomonoester(PME), inorganic phosphate(Pi), phosphodiester(PDE), creatine phosphate(PCr), and γ-,α-,β- phosphorus nuclei of ATP. Abnormal PME or PDE levels can characterize muscle disease and function. It was investigated as to whether these two substances, and the relationship between Pi/PCr and pH, were at different levels in young adult bruxing subjects versus normal young adults. During contraction of the masseter muscle involved with chewing or clenching, the PCr peak would diminish while the Pi peak would increase. Ecpressing changes in Pi, PCr, PME and PDE to the total phosphate(total P) that includes these four spectra and the three ATP peaks, indicates a percentage change for each of the separate components. The Pi/total P ratio increased, and the PCr/total P ratio decreased significantly during chewing and clenching in both groups. Changes in PME and PDE were similar for the control and bruxing subjects. Pi/PCr increased as pH decreased in both the control and bruxing subjects. In the control subjects, the Pi/PCr ratio during. The correlation coefficient of a linear regression analysis between Pi/PCr and pH was significantly lower in bruxing subjects (r=-0.643) than that of control subjects (r=-0.864). These findings suggests the concept that metabolism of masseter muscle in bruxing subjects may not perform similarly to normal subjects but similar changes in PME and PDE to control subjects. Also it is considered the possibility that the rapid decline in pH in bruxing subjects may have been associated with the development of muscle fatigue.
Selection on milk production and conformation traits during the last two decades in Japan
Kenji Togashi,Takefumi Osawa,Kazunori Adachi,Kazuhito Kurogi,Kota Tokunaka,Takanori Yasumori,Tsutomu Takahashi,Kimihiro Moribe 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.2
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare intended and actual yearly genetic gains for milk production and conformation traits and to investigate the simple selection criterion practiced among milk production and conformation traits during the last two decades in Japan. Learning how to utilize the information on intended and actual genetic gains during the last two decades into the genomic era is vital. Methods: Genetic superiority for each trait for four paths of selection (sires to breed bulls [SB], sires to breed cows [SC], dams to breed bulls [DB], and dams to breed cows [DC]) was estimated. Actual practiced simple selection criteria were investigated among milk production and conformation traits and relative emphasis on milk production and conformation traits was compared. Results: Selection differentials in milk production traits were greater than those of conformation traits in all four paths of selection. Realized yearly genetic gain was less than that intended for milk production traits. Actual annual genetic gain for conformation traits was equivalent to or greater than intended. Retrospective selection weights of milk production and conformation traits were 0.73:0.27 and 0.56:0.44 for intended and realized genetic gains, respectively. Conclusion: Selection was aimed more toward increasing genetic gain in milk production than toward conformation traits over the past two decades in Japan. In contrast, actual annual genetic gain for conformation traits was equivalent to or greater than intended. Balanced selection between milk production and conformation traits tended to be favored during actual selection. Each of four paths of selection (SB, SC, DB, and DC) has played an individual and important role. With shortening generation interval in the genomic era, a young sire arises before the completion of sire’s daughters’ milk production records. How to integrate these four paths of selection in the genomic era is vital.
Masahiro Takeuchi,Takefumi Katsuki,Kumiko Yoshida,Kumiko Yoshida,Michinori Iwamura,Toshihiro Inokuchi,Akira Furutani,Tomoe Katoh,Kazuaki Kawano,Keiji Hirata 한국유방암학회 2021 Journal of breast cancer Vol.24 No.5
Locally advanced breast cancer (tumor > 5 cm, widespread infiltration of the skin and muscle, or metastases to lymph nodes) is difficult to resect by surgery, and even when it is resectable, there is a high probability of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Therefore, systemic therapy should be administered first. However, as cutaneous infiltration progresses, the patient's quality of life is impaired by pain, bleeding, presence of exudates, and a foulsmelling odor. Treatment with Mohs paste with systemic therapy can control symptoms associated with skin infiltration and can also be expected to decrease tumor volume. Herein, we report a case in which a tumor was resected following Mohs paste and systemic chemotherapy administration, and the skin defect was reconstructed with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. We also review the literature for previously reported cases of breast cancer involving Mohs paste.
Masanori Nakayama,Takefumi Furuya,Eisuke Inoue,Eiichi Tanaka,Katsunori Ikari,Atsuo Taniguchi,Hisahi Yamanaka,Masayoshi Harigai 대한골다공증학회 2020 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.6 No.2
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with osteoporosis medication use in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Patients with RA who enrolled in our cohort completed self-administered questionnaires which included questions regarding their osteoporosis medications. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of variables with the use of these medications. Results: Among 5660 Japanese patients with RA who responded to the questionnaires (mean age, 61.8 years; 86.0% female), 1983 patients (35.0%) and 1211 patients (21.4%) reported taking osteoporosis medications and antiresorptive agents, respectively. In multivariate models, age, female sex, lower body mass index (BMI), self-reported fracture history, Japanese Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (JHAQ-DI), daily dosage of prednisone (PSL), weekly dosage of methotrexate (MTX), and concomitant use of hypertension and hyperlipidemia medications were significantly associated with the use of osteoporosis medications (P < 0.05). Among women with RA, the use of hypertension medications was significantly correlated with the use of both osteoporosis medications and antiresorptive agents (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Age, female sex, a lower BMI, duration of RA, self-reported fracture history, JHAQ-DI, daily dosage of PSL, weekly dosage of MTX, and the use of medications for hypertension and hyperlipidemia appear to be associated with the use of osteoporosis medications in Japanese patients with RA.
Growth Mechanisms for Atypical Forms of Silicon Nanowires
Minoru Aoyagi,Takefumi Hiraguri,Takahiro Ueno,Makoto Okuda,Yuuta Hishinuma 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.1
An investigation was carried out into the growth mechanisms for atypical forms of silicon nanowires (Si-NWs) synthesized using a vapor-liquid-solid growth process assisted by hydrogen radicals. Sn or Au nanoparticles, which act as catalysts during Si-NW growth, were produced by hydrogen radical treatment of Sn or Au thin films covering a silicon substrate. The Si-NWs were synthesized from silane gas excited by hydrogen radicals in the presence of these nanoparticle catalysts. In addition to normal Si-NW structures, atypical forms such as tapered, branched, bent, corrugated and block types, were synthesized. The growth of tapered, branched and bent-type Si-NWs was caused by contraction of the catalytic nanoparticles, adhesion of nanoparticles to the side wall of growing Si-NWs, and non-uniform supersaturation of the nanoparticles with Si, respectively. Growth of corrugated- and block-type Si-NWs was induced by an excess supply of Si atoms to the growing Si-NWs.