Non-Organ Specific Cancer Preventive Effect of Long-Term Administration of Korean Red Ginseng Extracts on the Incidence of Malignant Neoplasms

Taik-Koo Yun(윤택구),Shu Zheng,Soo-Yong Choi,Shan Rong Cai,Yun-Sil Lee,Xi Yong Liu,Kyung Ja Cho,Kun Young Park,Hyo Young Yun,Ji Young Yun 고려인삼학회 2009 고려인삼학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5

Rat에서 $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ATPase 활성도와 $Na^{+},\;K^{+}$ 배설에 미치는 질산 우라늄의 영향

이기호,윤택구,Lee, Kee-Ho,Yun, Taik-Koo 대한방사선방어학회 1989 방사선방어학회지 Vol.14 No.1

우라늄 피폭으로 발생하는 다뇨증과 급성 신부전증의 원인을 밝히기 위하여, 질산 우라늄을 정맥주사한 후 소변으로 배설되는 $Na^{+},\;K^{+}$의 전해질 양과 $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ adenosine triphosphatase($Na^{+}-K^{+}$ATPase) 활성도 변화를 측정하였다. 질산 우라늄 투여 24시간 이내에 $Na^{+},\;K^{+}$의 배설량이 크게 증가 하였고, 투여 3일 후에는 대조군과 비교하여 유의하게 감소하였다. 이때 $Na^{+},\;K^{+}$의 소변내 농도도 정상 대조군 범위 이하였다. 한편 $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ATPase활성은 투여 3일후에 고농도 질산 우라늄 투여 (30mg/kg BW) 시에만 감소 하였고, 저농도 투여군(5mg/kg BW, 15mg/kg BW) 에서는 활성 변화가 없었다. In order to evalulate the cause of polyuric acute tubular necrosis, we measured electrolytes, $Na^{+}\;and\;K^{+}$ excreted in urine, and activities of $Na^{+}-K^{+}$adenosine triphosphatase ($Na^{+}-K^{+}$ATPase) Excretion of $Na^{+}\;and\;K^{+}$ significantly increased in 24hr exposure on the uranyl nitrate and then decreased below the normal level after 3 days. The concentration of $Na^{+}\;and\;K^{+}$ in urines of the rats treated uranyl nitrate was less than that of the normal rats. The activities of $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ATPase decreased only in the group treated with high dose group of uranyl nitrate (30mg/kg BW) on the 3rd day but were not changed in the low dose groups(5 mg/kg BW and 15mg/kg BW).

인삼(Panax ginseng) 항암 효과에 관한 문헌고찰 - 실험연구와 역학연구 결과를 중심으로 -

김준연,이덕희,윤택구,신해림,Kim, Joon-Youn,Lee, Duk-Hee,Yun, Taik-Koo,Morgan, Gareth,Vainio, Harri,Shin, Hai-Rim 대한예방의학회 2000 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.33 No.4

Objective : We have reviewed the potential cancer preventive and other relevant properties of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, which has been traditionally used as a natural tonic in oriental countries. Data identification and study selection: Publications on Panax ginseng and its relation to cancer were obtained from the Medline database (1983-2000) and by checking reference lists to find earlier reports. The reports cover experimental models and human studies on cancer-preventive activity, carcinogenicity and other beneficial or adverse effects. In addition, possible mechanisms of chemoprevention by ginseng were also considered. Results : Published results from a cohort and two case-control studies in Korea suggest that the intake of ginseng may reduce the risk of several types of cancer. When ginseng was tested in animal models, a reduction in cancer incidence and multiplicity at various sites was noted. Panax ginseng and its chemical constituents have been tested for their inhibiting effect on putative carcinogenesis mechanisms (e.g., cell proliferation and apoptosis, immunosurveillance, angiogenesis); in most experiments inhibitory effects were found. Conclusion : While Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer has shown cancer preventive effects both in experimental models and in epidemiological studies, the evidence is currently not conclusive as to its cancer-preventive activity in humans. The available evidence warrants further research into the possible role of ginseng in the prevention of human cancer and carcinogenesis.

마우스 태아 일차 배양 세포내 고분자 화합물과 Benzo ( a ) pyrene 의 결합에 관하여

임인경,이왕식,윤택구 ( In Kyoung Lim,Wang Sik Lee,Taik Koo Yun ) 생화학분자생물학회 1985 BMB Reports Vol.18 No.1

We describe here the binding of benzo(a)pyrene to the cellular macromolecules of mouse embryonic fibroblasts in primary culture. On the 3rd day of the culture, DME medium containing 10% FCS was removed and the cells were incubated with fresh medium containing 1μM, 2 μM and 4μM of benzo(a)pyrene for 24 hours. Cell growh was inhibited more than 20% after the first 48 hours and more than 50% after 96 hours. B(a)P cytotoxicity was not so severe with the 24 hour treatment. ³H-B(a)P was applied to the cell monolayers and more than 90% remained in the culture medium after a 24 hr incubation and about 2 to 10% was loosely bound to the cell surface. The ³H-B(a)P tightly bound to the cellular macromolecules was less than 0.5%. The contents of cellular DNA, RNA and protein were not changed with the treatment of 2 to 8 μM of B(a)P for 24 hours. Specific binding of ³H-B(a)P to DNA was linearly increased depending on the concentration of B(a)P lower than 2 μM, and it was saturated at 24μ μmoles/㎎ with higher than 2 μM of B(a)P. Specific activity of ³H-B(a)P-protein adduct was also lineraly increased with 2 μM of B(a)P, but it was not saturated up to 8 μM of B(a)P.

Binding of Benzo(a)pyrene to the Cellular Macromolecules of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts in Primary Culture.

임인경,이왕식,윤택구,Lim, In-Kyoung,Lee, Wang-Sik,Yun, Taik-Koo 생화학분자생물학회 1985 한국생화학회지 Vol.18 No.1

마우스 [NIH (GP)] 태아세포 일차 배양계에 투여된 Benzo(a)pyrene과 세포내 고분자 화합물의 결합량 측정을 시도하였다. $0.5\;{\mu}M\;-8.0\;{\mu}M$의 $^3H$-B(a)P 첨가 배지로 24시간 배양한 후, $^3H$-B(a)P의 세포내외 분포도를 조사한 결과, 가해준 $^3H$-B(a)P의 90% 이상은 배지내에 잔류되어 있었고, 2-10%는 세포 표면에 가볍게 부착되었으며 (alcohol soluble fraction) 0.5%미만은 세포내 고분자 화합물에 결함되었다(alcohol insoluble fraction). B(a)P 24시간 처리군의 세포내 DNA, RNA 단백철 농도는 대조군에 비하여 변화가 없었다. 이때 DNA에 결합되어 냐타나는 $^3H$-B(a)P의 비활성도는 첨가된 B(a)P 농도에 비례하여 증가하다가 $2\;{\mu}M$이상 투여시 $24\;{\mu\mu}moles/mg$으로 포화됨을 확인하였다. 단백질과의 결합량은 B(a)p $2\;{\mu}m$ 까지는 농도에 비례증가하였으며, $8\;{\mu}m$까지 B(a)P와 단백질 결합이 계속 증가하는 것을 확인 하였다(r=0.99). We describe here the binding of benzo(a)pyrene to the cellular macromolecules of mouse embryonic fibroblasts in primary culture. On the 3rd day of the culture, DME medium containing 10% FCS was removed and the cells were incubated with fresh medium containing $1\;{\mu}M$, $2\;{\mu}M$ and $4\;{\mu}M$ of benzo(a)pyrene for 24 hours. Cell growh was inhibited more than 20% after the first 48 hours and more than 50% after 96 hours. B(a)p cytotoxicity was not so severe with the 24 hour treatment. $^3H$-B(a)P was applied to the cell monolayers and more than 90% remained in the culture medium after a 24 hr incubation and about 2 to 10% was loosely bound to the cell surface. The $^3H$-B(a)P tightly bound to the cellular macromolecules was less than 0.5%. The contents of cellular DNA, RNA and protein were not changed with the treatment of 2 to $8\;{\mu}M$ of B(a)P for 24 hours. Specific binding of $^3H$-B(a)P to DNA was linearly increased depending on the concentration of B(a)p lower than $2\;{\mu}M$, and it was saturated at $24\;{\mu\mu}moles/mg$ with higher than $2\;{\mu}m$ of B(a)p. Specific activity of $^3H$-B(a)P-protein-protein adduct was also lineraly increased with $2\;{\mu}m$ of B(a)p, but it was not saturated up to $8\;{\mu}M$ of B(a)p.

일차배양 마우스 태아 세포의 Glutathione - S - transferases 활동도와 Benzo ( a ) Pyrene 대사에 관한 연구

임인경,한병돈,이기호,윤택구 ( In Kyoung Lim,Byoung Don Han,Kee Ho Lee,Taik Koo Yun ) 생화학분자생물학회 1985 BMB Reports Vol.18 No.1

We examined the effect of BHA on the activities of glutathione-S-transferase(GST) and the metabolism of benzo(α)pyrene in the primary culture of embryonic fibroblasts derived from the NIH(GP) mice. Optimum pH of GST was 6.5 with 1.0 mM of 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene, 1.0 mM of reduced glutathione, and 50-100 ㎍ of cytosol proteins in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer. Optimum pH of GST with 0.5 mM 1,2-epoxy-3 (p-nitrophenoxy) propane, 10 mM of GSH and 50-100 ㎍ of cytosol proteins in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer was found to be 5.8. The activities of GST catalyzing CDNB were increased on the 5th day of the culture and maintained on the 7th day. The culture medium containing 100 μM BHA significantly increased the activities of GST with CDNB on the 7th day as compared with those of the control. The fractions of the conjugated B(α)P metabolites in both of the control and the BHA media were increased on the 7th day as compared with those on the 3rd day of the culture, after incubation with 4 μM ³H-B(α)P (500 mCi/m ㏖) for 24 hours. However, the binding levels of B(α)P to the cellular DNA, RNA and proteins were not changed depending on the culture days and the culture medium. BHA had no transplacental effect on the activities of glutathione-S-transferases and the metabolism of B(α)P in our experiment.

Radioiodine의 체내오염(體內汚染)에 대(對)한 긴급처치연구(緊急處置硏究)

정인용,김태환,정현우,진수일,윤택구,Chung, In-yong,Kim, Tae-hwan,Chung, Hyun-woo,Chin, Soo-yil,Yun, Taik-koo 대한수의학회 1988 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.28 No.2

Appreciable radiation exposures certainly occur in the workers who handle radioiodine in biochemical research, nuclear medicine diagnostics with the development of nuclear industries. But in the case of occurring the nuclear accidents, the early medical treatment of radiation injury should be necessary but little was reported in korea till now. Accordingly, to achieve of the basic data for protective roles and medical treatment of radiation injury, the present studies were carried out to evaluate the decontamination of radioiodine by the administration of the antithyroid drugs. The results observed are summarized as follows: 1. The administration of sodium iodide and potassium iodide results in rapid excretion of radioiodine and reduction of the whole body retention than the saline-only group. 2. Reguarding to thyroid protective effects, sodium iodide, potassium iodide and saline were effected significant in order. 3. In the control(saline) group, if administered with enough fluids, the whole body retention of radioiodine is reduced temporary shifts. But as far as radioprotective effects is concerned, saline was not more in the protective effects than the other groups. In conclusion, in case of nuclear accidents, if being administered sodium iodide and saline as quickly as possible, the radioprotective effects against the radiation hazard might be markedly increased in the internal contamination of radioiodine.

인삼의 세포독성분획의 작용기작에 관한 연구 ( 2 ) - 인삼중의 Ethyl acetate 분획이 동물암세포에서 고분자 물질의 합성에 미치는 영향

윤연숙,이세영,기병수,윤택구 ( Yeon Sook Yun,Se Yong Lee,Byung Soo Kim,Taik Koo Yun ) 생화학분자생물학회 1980 BMB Reports Vol.13 No.4

The ethyl acetate fraction from Korean Ginseng roots has been shown to be cytotoxic to murine lymphocyitic leukemia L5178Y cells and murine Sarcoma 180 cells. This ethyl acetate fraction which was extracted from Korean Ginseng root inhibited the growth of murine leukemia L5178Y cells and murine Sarcoma 180 cells in vitro by an exponential function of its concentration, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in murine ascitic Sarcoma 180 cells were also inhibited in vitro in a similar fashion, The cytotoxicity of this fraction correlates to the inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of marcomolecules. The synthesis of DNA and RNA were much more sensitive to this fraction than that of potein, indicating that the inhibitory action on the biosynthesis of nucleic acids is responsible for the inhibition of protein synthesis, However, the cytotoxic activity of this fraction does not seem to be due to the inhibitory activity on the DNA synthesis or to the gross inhibition of RNA synthesis since the synthesis of DNA and RNA were inhibited only 40-45% at the concentration where 70% cell death occurred, In order to examine the possibility that the cytotoxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction is due to the inhibitory activity on the particular RNA species, we compared the inhibitory activity of this fraction on various RNA species with that of actinomycin D. At lower concentrations, this fraction inhibited the synthesis of the heterogeneous nuclear RNA much more than any other RNA species. The synthesis of ribosomal RNA was also sensitive, while the messenger RNA and transfer RNA synthesis were relatively insensitive to this fraction. At high concentration, the fraction inhibited the synthesis of all species of RNA.

인삼의 세포독성분획의 작용기작에 관한 연구 ( 1 ) - 인삼중의 Petroleum Ether 분획이 동물암세포에서 고분자 물질의 합성에 미치는 영향

윤연숙,이세영,김병수,윤택구 ( Yeon Sook Yun,Se Yong Lee,Byung Soo Kim,Taik Koo Yun 생화학분자생물학회 1980 BMB Reports Vol.13 No.4

The petroleum ether fraction from Korean Ginseng roots has been proved to be cytotoxic to murine lymphocytic leukemia L5178Y cells and murine Sarcoma 180 cells. This petroleum ether fraction which was extracted from Korean ginseng roots inhibited the growth of murine leukemia L5178Y cells and murine Sarcoma 180 cells in vitro, And it also inhibited DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in murine ascitic Sarcoma 180 cells in vitro. The cytotoxicity of this fraction and it`s inhibitory effect on biosynthesis of macromolecules were exponential function of its concentration, The cytotoxicity correlated to the inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of macromolecules, especially to the inhibitory action on protein synthesis, The inhibitory action of this fraction on the protein synthesis was due to the inhibition of polysome formation: at the concentration which causes 90% inhibition of protein synthesis all the polysomes were dissociated into monosomes, Since messenger RNA degradation was not occurred at this concentration, petroleum ether fraction seems to interfere specifically the initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

성장이 활발한 세포에서 c - fos 암 유전자의 발현

임인경,이기호,이도종,윤택구,한병돈,유주현 ( In Kyoung Lim,Kee Ho Lee,Do Jong Lee,Taik Koo Yun,Byoung Don Han,Ju Hyun Yu ) 생화학분자생물학회 1987 BMB Reports Vol.20 No.2

We describe here the expression of c-fos oncogene in the growth-stimulated cells, e.g., mouse prenatal tissues, FCS treated NIH-3T3 fibroblast and A549 human lung cancer cells. Total cellular RNA was isolated from A/J and C57BL/6J mouse embryos at the 13th and 17th day of pregnancy. RNAs isolated from mouse prenatal tissues were strongly hybridized with c-fos. NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast and A549 lung cancer cells were stimulated by the 15% FCS after two to three days of serum depletion. During the serum stimulation, c-fos expression was detected at time intervals by the dot blot analysis. c-fos induction was detected from 30` after serum stimulation in NIH-3T3 cells, which was turned off after 2 hrs. On the other hand, c-fos induction in the A549 lung cancer cells was independent of the serum stimulation.