‘성리학 대 실학’이라는 사상사 구도의 기원과 전개

허태용 ( Huh¸ Tae-yong ) 한국사상사학회 2021 韓國思想史學 Vol.- No.67

오늘날에도 많은 연구자들이 조선후기 사상사를 이해할 때 전제하는 ‘성리학 대 실학’이라는 구도는 신채호가 설정한 ‘유학 대 낭가사상’이라는 구도를 변주한 측면이 있는 것으로 보인다. 한민족을 주인공으로 하는 1인칭 주인공 시점의 민족사를 처음 만들어낸 신채호의 구상은 문명개화론과 자강론을 견지하던 후배 연구자들에 의해서 계승되었고, 그 과정에서 조선시대의 사상사는 성리학과 실학의 대립이라는 서사로서 구성되었다. 즉 신채호는 낭가사상에서 자강과 독립의 가능성을 찾으려 하였다면, 그의 후배들은 실학에서 자강과 독립을 가능성을 찾으려 하였다. 이 같은 문제의식은 해방 이후에 더욱 강화되면서 ‘성리학 대 실학’이라는 대립 구도로 확고하게 자리 잡았다. 하지만 이런 구도는 학문 탐구의 자세라기보다는 자강론을 실천하는 자세에 가깝기 때문에 조선후기 사상사를 이해하는 데 기여하기는 어렵다. The structure of thought history called “Neo-Confucianism versus Silhak”, which many researchers presuppose when understanding the history of thought in the late Joseon Dynasty, is understood to be a variation of the structure of “Confucianism versus Nanga ideology” set by Shin Chaeho. Shin Chaeho's conception, who first created the national history with the Korean people as the protagonist, was succeeded to junior researchers who maintained the theory of civilization enlightenment and self-strengthening. In other words, Shin Chaeho tried to find the possibility of self-strengthening and independence in the Nanga ideology, while his juniors tried to find the possibility of self-strengthening and independence in Silhak. As such problem consciousness was strengthened after liberation, it was firmly established in the confrontation structure of thought history called "Neo-Confucianism versus Silhak" However, this confrontation structure is difficult to contribute to understanding the history of thought in the late Joseon Dynasty, because this structure is more of an attitude of practicing self-strengthening theory rather than an attitude of academic inquiry.

청세조 『도덕경』 어주의 ‘무위’관념 연구

김태용 ( Kim¸ Tae-yong ) 한국중국학회 2021 중국학보 Vol.97 No.-

순치제는 명나라의 정치 체제를 계승하여 중국화 정책을 추진한 청나라 최초의 황제이다. 순치제는 도교가 악을 제거하고 선을 행하게 하며, 사특한 것을 바로 잡아 올바른 것으로 돌아가게 하며, 왕법을 준수하고 환란을 면하게 하는 데 일정한 역할을 한다고 생각했다. 순치제는 『도덕경』에서 일용상행의 이치와 치심치국의 도리를 모색하고자 하였다. 청세조어주에서 말한 무위는 무지로부터 시작된다. 무지의 지는 분별하는 마음이다. 군주는 백성의 분별하는 마음을 제거하여, 외재사물을 욕망하거나 집착하게 하지 못하게 해야 한다. 군주는 자신의 분별하는 마음과 주관적 마음을 제거하여, 백성을 분별없이 대해야 한다. 청세조어주는 무위가 하나의 위라고 한다. 그러나 모든 위가 무위인 것이 아니다. 사사로운 욕망 없이 공도에 따른 위만이 무위이다. 공도에 따른 정치를 실행하기 위해서 군주는 분별하는 마음을 제거한다. 군주가 분별하는 마음을 제거하면 사사로운 욕망은 없어지고 모든 백성을 포용할 수 있게 되어서 공도에 따른 정치를 실행할 수 있다. 청세조어주는 백성은 두터운 본성을 갖고 태어나지만, 성장하면서 외재사물의 영향으로 본성이 엷어진다고 한다. 군주는 고요함으로 자신의 본성을 중한 상태에 도달하게 한 후, 백성의 감정을 교화하여 본성을 회복시켜야 한다. 그런데 백성의 본성을 비슷하지만 완전히 동일하지 않기 때문에 감정을 교화하는 것은 한계가 있다. 그러므로 무위란 백성이 자신의 본성에 따라 살아갈 수 있도록, 군주가 백성의 타고난 본성의 다름을 인정하고 그 본성을 상해하지 않으며 존중하는 것이다. 이처럼 순치제는 『도덕경』 주해에서 무위정치의 근본이 무분별에 있다는 점을 강조하여, 청대 초기 사회적으로 만연한 계층적 갈등과 민족적 갈등을 해결할 방법을 모색한다. Shunchi was the first emperor of the Qing dynasty to succeed the political system of the Ming dynasty and promote the policy of Chineseization. Shunchi believed that Taoism played a certain role in eliminating evil and doing good, correcting extraordinary things and returning them to the right, observing the royal law and avoiding tribulation. Sunchi tried to find out the principle of daily use and continuously conduct, and the principle of cultivating the mind and governing the country in Daodejing. The emperor commentary of Qing Shizu said that Wuwei begins from Wuzhi. The zhi of Wuzhi is discriminating thought. The monarch must remove the discriminating thought of the people so that they do not desire or cling to external things. The monarch must get rid of his discriminating thought and his own subjective mind, so that treat his people without distinction. The emperor commentary of Qing Shizu said that Wuwei is one of the doing. but not all doing are Wuwei. Without personal desire, only doing according to the principle of public is Wuwei. In order to practice politics according to the principle of public, the monarch removes the discerning mind. When the monarch removes the discriminating thought, his private desires disappear and he can embrace all the people, and his politics according to the principle of public can implement. The emperor commentary of Qing Shizu said that the people are born with a thick nature, but as they grow up, their nature weakens under the influence of external things. The monarch has brought his nature to Zhong state by silence, and then edify the feelings of the people and restore their nature. However the nature of the people is similar, but not completely identical, so the method of edifying feelings has its limits. Therefore, Wuwei means that the monarch acknowledges the differences in the innate nature of the people and respects them without harming them so that the people can live according to their own nature. In this way, Sunchi emphasizes that the politics of Wuwei begins from indiscriminate, and so seeks ways to resolve the social class conflicts and national conflicts that were prevalent in the early Qing Dynasty.

Biochars from a Giant Miscanthus for Removing Heavy Metals

Taeyong Shim,Changkook Ryu,Seunghun Hyun,Jinho Jung 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Error Structure Analysis for Multiple Dual-polarization Radar using Ensemble Learning

Taeyong Kwon,Seongsim Yoon,Hongjoon Shin,Sanghoo Yoon 한국자료분석학회 2023 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.25 No.6

Accurate quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) was essential for the prediction and prevention of natural disasters. Recently, radar has been attracting attention as a technique for performing QPE with high spatiotemporal resolution. In particular, the QPE was improved by introducing a dual-polarization technique that observed several hydrometeorological variables at various scales compared to the single polarization radar that utilized only the existing reflectivity-precipitation relationship. This study aimed to analyze the error structure of dual-polarization radar by predicting gauged rainfall using ensemble models. The location of the radar was Gwanaksan, Garisan, and Gwangdeoksan which belonged to the Bukhan river basin. The Pearson correlation coefficients between reflectance-precipitation and gauged rainfall were examined initially. After that, each gauged rainfall was predicted using ensemble learning, which included random forest (RF), gradient boost, and XGboost. Mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and R squared were evaluated as the predictive performance. Hyper-parameters were optimized by 5-fold cross-validation, and the reliability of the research results was obtained by 10 iterations. The result showed that RF had better predictive performance than other models. Gauged stations that operated at high altitudes were not good enough for the QPE because of the mountain effect. Due to the mountain range effect, the importance of the Gwanaksan radar at an altitude of 3 km was very high.

Pixel Design Optimization of Fringe-Field Switching Mode for Applying Negative Liquid Crystals in High-Resolution Mobile Displays

TaeYong Jung,DaeLim Park,Ji-Sub Park,Joun-Ho Lee,Sungho Kim,Byeong Koo Kim,Hak-Rin Kim IEEE 2015 Journal of display technology Vol.11 No.3

<P>We demonstrate an optimized fringe-field switching pixel structure to apply negative liquid crystals (nLCs) for high-resolution mobile displays. Pixel transmittance can be improved by applying nLCs, but the driving voltage increases because Δε of the nLC is lower than that of the positive LC (pLC). In spite of applying an nLC, a similar driving voltage can be achieved by changing the pixel structure. It is easy to obtain a low driving voltage in a strong electric field by applying a thinner passivation layer using photo acryl (PAC). In addition, while the edge electrodes of the conventional Vcom-on-top (VOT) structure are operated with in-plane switching, all electrodes of the pixel-on-top (POT) structure are operated with fringe-field switching. Therefore, the driving voltage can be reduced by applying a POT structure with PAC. Furthermore, crosstalk can be improved because the capacitance (Cdp) between data lines and pixel electrodes is reduced by applying a POT structure. As a result, applying the proposed structure with nLC has two advantages. First, transmittance increases by more than 20% based on 4.5-in-high definition pixels. Second, crosstalk in the POT structure is more stable than that in the VOT structure, despite variations in low gate voltage (VGL). Consequently, because of higher transmittance and stable crosstalk, the proposed POT structure with nLC can be used for mobile displays.</P>

Enhanced thermal conductivity and EMI shielding performance in multi-functional hybrid films based on polyvinyl alcohol

Taeyong HA,Hwan Seok CHOI,Byoung Gak KIM,Yong Seok KIM,Won-Gun KOH,Youngjae YOO 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Advanced Manufacturing with Robot

Taeyong Choi,Hyunmin Do,Chanhun Park,Kwangcho Chung,Dongil Park,Jinho Kyung 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

Trustworthy Livestock Management System based on AIoT

Taeyong Yun,Tai-Won Um,Jinsul Kim 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2023 The Journal of Contents Computing Vol.5 No.2

Due to the difficulty in finding labor and rising labor costs in the livestock industry, there is a growing demand for smart livestock farming, which combines advanced IT technology with traditional livestock management. Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), which incorporates Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Internet of Things (IoT) devices, is being touted as a technology that can detect livestock diseases and changes in the barn environment, and respond quickly and automatically to problem situations without human intervention to increase productivity. However, trust issues due to malfunctions and failures are recognized as a barrier to the use of these AIoT devices in smart livestock farms. This paper proposes a highly trustworthy AIoT technology for smart livestock farms. Specifically, image recognition-based AIoT devices for smart livestock farms and their trust management techniques are described.

Post-processing of Direct Teaching Trajectory in Industrial Robots

Taeyong Choi,Chanhun Park,Hyunmin Do,Kwangcho Chung,Dongil Park,Jinho Kyung 한국지능시스템학회 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.12 No.3

Direct teaching of the industrial robot is a novel technique to easily teach manipulators. However, teaching data by human hand cannot help having large noise errors ranging from low to high frequency. To use teaching data, post-processing to correct the teaching trajectory is required. Here, a novel shape-based trajectory correction method to rebuild teaching data with the feature information of curvature and velocity is proposed. The proposed method is tested on square and circular objects.

Origin of High Thermal Conductivity in Disentangled Ultra-high Molecular-weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) Thin Films

Taeyong Kim(김태용) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2023 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.5