기후변화에 대응한 목재수급 정책과제

민경택(Min, Kyung-Taek),장철수(Chang, Cheol-Su),허경태(Hur, Gyong-Tae),이동필 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 정책연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

Wood products have many attributes that make them a smart choice when it comes to climate change. First, much of the carbon absorbed by growing trees is stored in products. Using more wood also means less fossil fuel consumption. Wood is endlessly renewable, and life cycle assessment studies show that it requires substantially less energy to manufacture than other materials such as steel and concrete. Wood buildings can be easily deconstructed and reused, which means they can continue to store carbon indefinitely. And using wood from sustainably managed forests helps to ensure that forests and their carbon storage potential continue to grow, which contribute to local community economy. This report focuses on international forest policies related to climate change and their implications to Korean forestry and the forest products sector, and some policy suggestions are made. Climate change and climate change mitigation are currently hot topics at the international level. Forest is carbon sink but also regarded as carbon emitter when it is deforested and degraded. REDD(Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and HWP(Harvested Wood Products) are important issues at the post-Kyoto Protocol. Illegal logging is also a major issue in the wood products trade. Major developed countries adopt wood promotion policies to tackle climate change and construct a low-carbon green economy. They promote the merits and provide some technical information when using wood. In Korea, wood consumption is about 27 million cubic meters per year, and self-sufficiency of wood is 13.5%. Domestic wood is used to produce pulp and particle boards in large part. Poor forest resource structure, high cost in wood harvest, negative perceptions to harvest, and low infrastructures are challenging issues in domestic wood supply. The Korean government also adopts Low Carbon Green Growth as a policy base. The demand for wood biomass energy is increasing. These are opportunities to the wood industry. But high production cost in wood harvest and the thin wood consumption culture are weaknesses. We should establish a wood promotion strategy to overcome weaknesses and exploit opportunities. We made some policy suggestions to promote wood use as follows: 1) campaign to increase the utilization and consumption of wood in the public side 2) develop and disseminate durable wood goods, such as engineered wood 3) adopt carbon labelling to show the carbon sequestration function of wood products 4) increase wood supply through utilization of forest residues, short-rotation coppice in idle farmland, and international cooperaton 5) establish technical standards to certify the safety of wood products 6) legislate wood utilization to tackle climate change.

VARIATION OF 24-HOUR INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN SILICONE OIL–FILLED EYES

Chang, Joo Hyun,Shin, Jae Pil,Kim, In Taek,Park, Dong Ho Lippincott 2016 Retina Vol.36 No.1

<P>Purpose:To evaluate the variation of 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) in silicone oil (SO)-filled eyes.Methods:Prospective, nonrandomized comparative case series of 42 eyes of 21 patients, each with an SO-filled eye after vitrectomy. The fellow eyes served as controls. Each subject slept the usual 8 hours, and IOPs were measured at 4-hour intervals over 24 hours, twice before sleep (5:30 and 9:30 pm), twice during sleep (1:30 and 5:30 am), and twice after sleep (9.30 am and 1:30 pm). Intraocular pressure was measured in the sitting position using a Goldmann applanation tonometer. The SO-filled eyes and fellow eyes were compared with respect to diurnal-to-nocturnal and nocturnal-to-diurnal IOP changes.Results:At all 6 time points, SO-filled eyes had higher mean IOPs than fellow eyes (all P < 0.05). For both groups, mean nocturnal IOP was higher than mean diurnal IOP (both P < 0.001). Changes in diurnal-to-nocturnal IOP and nocturnal-to-diurnal IOP between SO-filled eyes and fellow eyes did not differ significantly (P > 0.05, respectively). The peak IOP occurred in the nocturnal period for all fellow eyes and for 94.7% of SO-filled eyes.Conclusion:The IOP of SO-filled eyes varied over a 24-hour period, peaking largely in the nocturnal period, as observed for the IOP of fellow eyes.</P>

십이지장 결핵 2예의 내시경적 고찰

장린,박충기,민영일,장영운,우정택,방익수,최학림,장주희 대한소화기내시경학회 1985 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.5 No.1

Today, the duodenal tuberculosis is a very rare disease. Final diagnosis of duodenal tuberculosis is difficult due to inconsistent symptoms and nonspecific duodenal lesions. We found 2 cases of duodenal tuberculosis by gastrascopy. In gastroscopic findings, there were undetermined ulcers and irregular nodular mucosal changes.

동대문시장의 복합형의류상가 피난계획에 관한 연구

권창룡,임만택 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(계획계)

As we all know, one of the biggest tourist site in Seoul is, of course, Dongdaemun Market. There is a shopping paradise called Dongdaemun Market, this shopping complex has been changing rapidly in order to attract more customers and try to maintain it's name and value, distinguish it's unique characters from other shopping malls. The change of Dongdaemun Market, the combination of a traditional and a trendy way, can be a nice model for other shopping malls. But it is facing some difficulties in spite of its recent outstanding progress. One of them is to reorganize Dongdaemun Market area. However, like every other shopping mall, Dongdaemun Market also has a few problems which should be tackled first so as to grow up further. This research, we would like to focus on the emergency planning of Dongdaemun Market and give some possible advice for potential complex shopping malls in the future.

연장 가골에 골 이식 대체물 투여가 골 경화에 미치는 영향 : 가토 경골에서의 방사선 및 골 밀도의 변화 Changes of Radiography & Bone Mineral Density in the Tibia of Rabbits

오창욱,김풍택,박병철,송해룡,박일형,백준호,박형진 경북대학교 병원 2003 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.7 No.1

목적 : 골 연장술 후 생기는 연장 가골에 황화 칼슘과 이종 이식골을 투여하여 골 경화 속도에 대한 영향을 알아보기 위한 실험이었다. 연구대상 및 방법 : 성장중인 뉴질랜드 화이트 토끼(2.0-2.5㎏)의 경골 간부에 골막을 보호하고, 절골술을 시행하고, 5일간의 휴지기후 외고정 장치를 이용하여 1주일 동안 7㎜가 연장될 때까지 하루 1㎜씩 2회의 리듬을 가지고 골 연장을 실시하였다. 제1 실험 군 7마리에는 연장이 끝난 직후 황화 칼슘(Osteoset^(ⓡ), Wright medical USA) 1정, 제 2 실험 군 7마리에는 이종 이식골의 일종인 Lubboc 5㎟을 각각 연장된 가골 부에 주입하고, 단순 연장한 대조군 7마리와 함께, 방사선 및 골 밀도비를 측정하고 추시하여, 골 경화의 진행속도를 비교하였다. 방사선 촬영은 전후면 및 측면사진을 1주 간격으로 촬영하였고, 골밀도 측정은 DEXA(dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry, Lunar^(ⓡ)) 장치를 2주일 간격으로 시행하였다. 결과 : 방사선 소견상, 제 1실험군의 연장가골의 완전 경화시간은 평균 14주, 제 2실험군은 154 주로 각각 대조군의 16.9주보다 단축되었으며, 골 밀도 비에서도, 두 실험군에서 최고치가 대조군의 값보다 높고, 최고치까지의 경과기간도 빨랐다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 연장 가골에 황화칼슘 및 이종 이식골의 투여가 골 경화의 기간을 단축시킬 수 있고, 외고정 장치의 빠른 제거에 도움이 될 수 있음을 알았다. Purpose : This study was designed to know the effect of calcium-sulfate and xenograft on the distracted callus after lengthening. Materials & Methods : We had operation of subperiosteal osteotomy and external fixation on the tibial diaphysis of young New Zealand White rabbits(2.0-2.5㎏); after 5 days of latency period, 7㎜(1㎜/day, 2times/day) of tibial lengthening was reached in a week. At 1 week after lengthening, the 1st experimental group of 7 rabbits received a pellet of calcium sulfate(Osteoset, Wright medical, USA) in the distraction gap, and the 2nd experimental group of 7 rabbits received 5㎜ 2 of xenogrfat(Lubboc) in the distraction gap. But, the control group of 7 rabbits did not receive any of above materials. We compared three groups with the changes of radiographic findings at every week and bone mineral ratio(DEXA) at every two weeks. Results : The time to complete consolidation of distraction callus of both experimental group(calcium sulfate;14 weeks, xenograft; 15.4 weeks) was shorter than that of control group(16.9 weeks) in radiographic findings. Maximum value of bone mineral ratio of distraction callus was higher and the time to reach the highest value was also shortened in the both experimental group compared to control group. Conclusion : By use of bone substitutes as like calcium sulfate or xenograft in the distraction callus with external fixator, it may be possible to shorten the consolidation period and the fixator-wearing period.

가스보조식 이중행정 유압브레이커의 민감도 해석에 의한 성능 향상

류택직(Taek Jik Ryoo),장효환(Hyo Whan Chang) 유공압건설기계학회 2009 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11

A gas-assisted hydraulic breaker uses both hydraulic and pneumatic energies and an appropriate balance between two energies mostly effects its performance. Mathematical modeling of the breaker is established and verified by experiment. Through sensitivity analysis using AMESim, the key design parameters are selected and nearly optimized to maximize the output power as well as the impact energy for long and short strokes. As the results, the impact energy and output power are increased significantly compared with the current design. The dynamic characteristic of the piston displacement is also improved by the design change.

적층각 변화에 따른 복합재료 회전익의 구조적 연성에 관한 연구

변창환,유용석,오택열 경희대학교 산학협력기술연구원 1997 산학협력기술연구논문집 Vol.3 No.-

This study is made allowance for using one dimensional modeling method that extracts equivalent stiffness matrix used the reduction of degree of freedom in order to sufficiently express the cross section of rotor blade and the material properties of composite. Modern helicopter rotor blade which are made from anisotropic material is very important a subject on the tailoring based on coupling tearms by changing of ply angle. In basing on this, we have searched for coupling terms by changing of ply angle of composite rotor blade and the dynamic behaviour of rotor blade for each coupling term.

마르크스의 역사철학에서 결정론문제 : 경제결정론을 중심으로

고창택 東國大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the problem of determinism(Determinismus) in Marx's materialist conception fo history, to elucidate deterministic and indeterministic versions of Marx's historical materialism. The concept and type of determinism in Marx's historical materialism is, first economic determinism based on the base(Basis)-superstructre(U¨berbau) model, secondly technological determinism based on the forces of production(Produktivkra¨fte) -relations of production(Produktionverha¨tnisse) model, thirdly theoy of class determination based on the analysis of class struggle. The propositions of economic determinism : (a) The forms of social consciousness, the legal and political superstructure and ideology correspond(entsprechen) with the relations of production/economic structure. (b) The mode of production determines(bestimmt) the social, political, and spiritual processes of life, that is, the legal and political superstructure, ideology, and forms of social consciousness. The propositions of technological determinism : (c) The relations of production/economic structure correspond to a definite stage of development of the forces of production. (d) changes in the relations of production are alaways a result of changes in the forces of production. The proposition of theory of class determination : (e) The class struggle is determinate cause of social change in throughout history. No doctrine in Marxist's intellectual history has received more attention-critical, puzzled, celebrative and misinterpreted-than that of 'economic determinism.' My argument, therefore, on Marx's economic determinism is that Marx employed two sorts of determinism. (1)The proposition of hard economic determinism : (f) The causal determination is entirely or almost exclusively one-way, with economic base determining the superstructure and not vice versa. (2)The proposition of soft economic determinism : (g) Economic base determines the superstructure but the superstructure act on economic base. Some regard Marx as hard economic derterminist and some consider Marx as soft economic determinist. But, for me, Marx's hard economic determinism is incompatible with his philosophy of history and is committed to logically improper claims. But also, marx's economic determinism is articulated ambiguously and incoherently. So, two(soft and hard)economic determinist interpretations are substituted for the technological-determinist interpretation or the dialectical interpretation. Marx's economic determinism is not free from ambiguities. The various relations between the base and superstructure are not precisely defined. Engels was award of determinist misinterpretations and he tried to correct them. Engels' dialectical version insisted upon a dialectical interaction between base and superstructure, but contends that the economic base "in the last instance"(in letzter Instanz) alaways prevail. In conclusion, Marx's determinism and Engels'' dialectical version do seem ambiguous from the standpoint of causality, they are truer to their holistically explanatory intention than any determinist explanation could be.

피치각 조정형 송풍-역풍 겸용 축류팬에서 배연용 피치각 선정을 위한 실험적 연구

장택순(Taek-Soon Chang),허진혁(Jin-Huek Hur),문승재(Seung-Jae Moon),이재헌(Jae-Heon Lee),유호선(Ho-Sun You),임윤철(Yun-Chul Im) 대한설비공학회 2008 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.2

In this study, the experimental study has carried out to select pitch angle on the backward flow in an axial fan that has adjustable pitch blades. With the change of pitch angle of axial fan with adjustable blade, air flow rate, pressure and air flow direction can be changed. Because of this merit, adjustable axial fan can be used in the backward flow. For the selection of the backward flow pitch angle, fan performance test method is selected by KS B 6311. Dynamic pressure, static pressure, electric current and voltage are measured in each pitch angles of axial fan that are 36°, -16°, -21°, -26°, -31° and -36°. In the result of test, fan performance curves at several pitch angle has been investigated. Finally, pitch angle of -26° has been selected to get largest flow rate at backward flow situation.

火力發電設備의 材質經年劣化 評價를 위한 實驗的 硏究

朴昌彦,金熙奎,鄭澤龍 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 1991 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

For the reactor vessel of the fossil power plants and petrochemical plant operating under high temperature and high pressure, Cr-Mo steels are commonly used. Thus, it is important to predict the remaining service life of the structural component in order to avoid a serious damage in human life and economy, resulting from the unexpected failure of the component due to the temper embrittlement under the severe operating condition for a long period of time. Microstructural changes such as the formation in solute element zone precipitation and growth of coarse precipitates, segregation of impurities a grainboundary due to the long period of operation cause the changes in electrochemical such as corrosion resistance, etching characteristics, polarization characteristics and material properties such as material hardening, softening embrittlement, and physical properties such as electric resistance, inductance acoustic characteristics. Therefore, in order to evaluate the remaining service life of component in a nondestructive manner, grainboundary etching method(GEM) and small punch(SP) have been used. In this research, however, electrochemical polarization method was proposed to nondestructively evaluate the material degradation of the structural component by using a currentpotential curve that can be determinaed from an electrochemical polarization experiment. Comparison of the current density obtained from the electrochemical polarization method and the shift in FATT(Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature) from the Charpy V-notch test and the Shift in DBTT(Ductile Brittlement Transition temperature) from the small punch test and surface roughness of grain from chemical etching test was mace to find correlation between them. The results are summarized as follows : Electrochemical polarization method showed a clear difference in minimum current density(Ir) according td the degree of material degradation. There is a nice correlation between the minimum current density from the EPR and (△FATT)cvn from CVN test. A good relationship of current density and (△DBTT)sp from the SP test was found in Cr-Mo steel. There is good relationship between the degree of material degradation and surface roughness of GEM. The GEM was successfully used as a non-destructive evaluation method of material degradation, compared to the SP and EPR test.