수학과 그룹별 자기 주도 학습이 문제해결능력 신장에 미치는 영향 : 중학교 2학년 과정을 중심으로 Gentered to the 2nd Grade curriculum of Middle School

오후진,김태흥 한국학교수학회 2001 韓國學校數學會論文集 Vol.4 No.2

In its seventh revision to start in 2001, mathematics will have a new emphasis in the middle school curriculum. Mathematics subject is now composed of practical things in the use of mathematics. Also, the future of new generation, which has been known as the information age, places much focus on problem-solving in order to collect, analyze, synthesize, and judge various kinds informations. This demand of problem-solving ability is not only related with mathematical education but, along the entire educational process, its related to actual life. With this change of social structure, the importance of school education is increasing rapidly. Therefore, in order to grow abilities and create new knowledge, adapted this new method of self-oriented learning in groups to middle school 2nd graders for one year, the results were as follow : 1. Students developed their ability of the use of mathematical terms and signs correctly. 2. Students' mathematical knowledge and problem-solving ability improved as they had increased interest in mathematics. 3. Students' peership was enhanced through their communication and cooperative activities in groups during the class. 4. Students themselves were more willing to volunteer and participate during the class.

교사의 교육과정 재구성 특성에 관한 질적 메타분석

임태원,홍후조 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2021 교육과학연구 Vol.52 No.3

본 연구는 지속적인 학교의 자율성 확대에 따라 교육과정 실천가이자 개발자로서 자리매김한 교사의 역할에 주목하여 교사의 교육과정 재구성의 특성과 촉진 요인, 저해 요인을 질적 메타분석을 통해 탐색하였다. 이를 위하여 2012년부터 2021년까지 국내 등재 학술지에 게재된 사례연구 12편을 분석 대상으로 선정하였으며, 선행연구를 토대로 설정한 분석틀을 적용한 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교육과정 재구성의 특성으로 가장 두드러지는 재구성의 범위는 주제 중심 재구성과 수업 방법 중심 재구성으로 확인되었다. 교사들은 교육과정을 재구성하기 위하여 학습 내용을 재구성하였으며 내용의 재배열, 추가, 대체, 생략, 축약하는 방법을 사용하였다. 둘째, 교사의 교육과정 재구성을 촉진하는 요인은 교사 요인과 환경 요인으로 대별되었다. 교사들은 교육과정 재구성 동기로 교사로서의 가치관과 신념에 영향을 받았으며, 학습자의 흥미 유발과 학습 동기에 대한 관심이 교육과정 재구성을 촉진하였다. 환경 요인으로는 교사학습공동체의 지원과 집단지성의 활용이 가장 두드러지게 나타났다. 셋째, 교사의 교육과정 재구성을 저해하는 요인은 교사 요인, 환경 요인으로 종합하였으며 추가적으로 학습자료와 관련한 내용이 확인되었다. 교사는 교육과정의 재구성이 개인의 교육과정 역량에 의존하는 데 따른 부담과 자신감 결여를 보였으며, 학습자료인 교과서 중심의 수업 문화가 재구성의 자율성을 제한하는 요인으로 확인되었다. 이 외에도 업무 과중, 학교 문화, 평가의 경직성 등이 환경 요인으로 분석되었다. 끝으로 위와 같은 연구 결과를 토대로 교사의 교육과정 재구성을 지원하고 어려움을 해소하기 위한 향후 연구 방향과 제도적 차원의 개선 방안을 제언하였다. This study focused on the role of teachers as curriculum designers and practitioners, and it explored the characteristics, facilitating factors, and impeding factors of curriculum reconstruction for teachers. To achieve this, this study selected 12 case studies reported in journals in Korea from 2012 to 2021 as objects of analysis. Results may be summed up as follows. First, this study has found out how themebased reconstruction and instructional method-based reconstruction are characterized by curriculum reconstruction. To reconstruct the curriculum by teachers in detail, this study reconstructed learning content, and used methods to rearrange, add, replace, omit, and abbreviate the content. Second, teacher factors and environmental factors facilitated the curriculum reconstruction for teachers. Teachers were influenced by teachers' values and beliefs such as motivation of curriculum reconstruction, and the learner's interest in learning facilitated curriculum reconstruction. This study has shown that the support of a teacher learning community and the use of collective intelligence were the most prominent environmental factors. Third, teacher factors and environmental factors had impeded the teachers' curriculum reconstruction in various ways. Teachers were burdened and lacked self-confidence due to their reliance on the individual curriculum competency of curriculum reconstruction, and this study has found that the textbook-centered instructional culture as learning material compromised the autonomy of reconstruction. In addition, heavy workload and evaluation structure were analyzed as environmental factors. Based on these findings, the researchers suggested the necessity of research performance to explore the facilitating factors of curriculum reconstruction in depth and devise a method for removing impeding factors.

VXIbus 시스템 모듈화의 試作에 관한 연구

張太和,方孝昌,金元厚 한국항공대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

본 논문에서는 새로운 방식의 통합계측 시스템으로 각광받고 있는 VXIbus(VMEbus Extension for Instrumentation)시스템에 적합한 신호발생기의 모듈화방안에 관하여 연구하였다. 신호발생기의 모듈화를 위하여 우선적으로 기본적인 시스템의 사양을 결정하였으며, 이러한 사양에 따라서 신호발생기를 설계 및 제작, 실험하였다. 설계 및 제작된 신호발생기를 기본으로 신호발생기와 VXIbus controller와의 통신을 위해서 인터페이스회로를 설계하였으며, 인터페이스를 통한 신호발생기의 제어를 위하여 모듈형신호발생기의 내부동작을 규정하였다. In this paper, Modulization method of signal generator suitable for VXIbus system which make appearance before the footlights as new form of total instrumentation system is studied. For modulization of signal generator, First, Basic specification of system had been determined, and Next, according to specification, Signal generator was designed, tested and realized. Interface circuits which are based on this signal generator are designed for communication between signal generator and VXIbus controller. As signal generator is controlled by interface, internal behavior of module type signal generator is specified.

사회극이 학대받은 아동의 자아존중감 및 정서적 부적응 행동에 미치는 효과

김태후,강문희 서울여자대학교 특수치료전문대학원 2006 심리치료: 다학제적 접근 Vol.6 No.1

The Purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sociodrama to increase self-esteem and to decrease emotionally maladjusted behaviors of abused children. Self-esteem variable were composed of four factors in this study; global, social-peer, home-parents, school-academic self-esteem. Emotionally maladjusted behavior were composed of five factor; withdrawn, hyperactive, aggressive, regressive, compulsive behavior. For this study, 8 abused children were selected, 5th, 6th grade elementary school students, under the care of national child protection agency(1391) in A district. Sociodrama were carried out for 12 sessions, each 90 minutes session was conducted twice a week from March 20th in 2006 to April 29th in 2006. The sociodrama were mainly directed by researcher and two assistants. The major results were as follows. First, after the sessions, there was significant increase in global self-esteem and school-academic self-esteem of abused children. But home-parents self-esteem was significantly decreased on the contrary. Second, after the sessions, there was significant decrease in emotionally maladjusted behaviors of abused children, particularly withdrawn and hyperactive behavior. Third, as the sociodrama sessions were conducted, the emotionally maladjusted behaviors of abused children were decrease, positive self-expression was increased. The results of this study suggest that sociodrama is an effective intervention for increasing self-esteem and decreasing emotionally maladjusted behavior of abused children. Therefore this study would be helpful to counseling and psychotherapy programmes for the adjustment of abused children. 본 연구에서는 사회극이 학대받은 아동의 자아존중감 향상과 정서적 부적응 행동 감소에 효과가 있는 것인지 알아보기 위하여 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 사회극은 학대받은 아동의 자아존중감을 증진시키는데 효과가 있을 것인가? 둘째, 사회극은 학대받은 아동의 정서적 부적응 행동을 감소시키는 데 효과가 있을 것인가? 셋째, 사회극 참여에 따라 아동의 행동(정서적 부적응 행동,긍정적 자기표현 행동)은 어떻게 변화하는가? 이러한 연구목적을 위하여 A지역의 아동보호지원센터에 학대로 신고 접수되어 시설에서 보호하고 있는 5,6학년 아동 8명에게 1주 2회, 90분씩, 6주 동안 12회에 걸쳐 사회극을 실시한 결과 는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회극 실시 후 자아존중감의 하위요인 중 일반적 자아존중감과 학업적 자아존중감이 유의미하게 증가하였고, 사회적 자아존중감은 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 가정적 자아존중감은 유의미하게 감소하였다. 둘째, 사회극 실시 후 사전 · 사후 검사에서 집단원들의 정서적 부적응 행동이 전체적으로 유의미하게 감소하였다. 셋째,집단 원들의 행동관찰에서 사회극이 진행됨에 따라서 집단 초기에 비하여 종결 단계에 정서적 부적응 행동은 감소하고 긍정적 자기표현 행동은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같이,사회극이 학대받은 아동들의 자아존중감과 정서적 부적응 행동의 변화에 효과가 있음이 밝혀 졌다. 학대받은 아동들을 위한 치료적 개입의 일환으로 사회극의 개발 및 적용의 필요성이 절실히 요구되어진다.

벼 大單位 增産團地栽培에 關한 經營實態調査 : 慶南地方의 5個 團地를 中心으로

金厚根,金正敎,尹泰圭,河湖成,張權烈 慶尙大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Recently large scale cooperative rice production system has been promoted. This cooperative rice production system is intended to promote introducing a set of new technology which may not be suitable for individual small scale farms to adopt. And this system is believed to be one of important public programs to achieve productivity growth policy goal in Korea. Nevertheless, there seem to exist several problems for this public program to widely introduce to over-all nation. This is one of main objectives that this study intends to investigate. In order to study comparative characteristics of the large scale rice cooperative farm in terms of resource base and organization 99 farms which are member farms and 100 farms which are non-member individual farms have been selected and interviewed from five large scale cooperative farm areas in Gyeong-Nam Province in 1974. The important findings can be summarized as follows: 1) Most of operators af both classes belong to age cohert 40∼50, but the average educational level for member farm operators is higher than that for non-member. 2) The average scale Of rice paddy for member farms, 13.1 tanbO, is larger than that for non-member, 10.6, and the same thing is true for average size of rice paddy plots which is, respectively, 805 pyeong and 690. 3) Completely irrigated paddy for member farms is 99 percent of total paddy owned whereas that for non-member is 81, and consolidated paddy for member farms is 67 percent while that for non-member is 26.4. On the other hand, technically improved paddy other than indicated above for member farms is 32 percent, but that for non-member is only 8.3. 4) Number of rice varieties adopted is 9 for both classes. The most popular variety for member farm is Akibare(36%) whereas that for non-member is Sadominori(29.3%) and Akibare (28.4%). 5) Labor used is 13.5 man per tanbo for member farms and 12.4 for non-member. More labor is used for improving soil quality and protection for member farms whereas less labor is used for preparatory works such as seed bed, sterilization, and water management in the case of the member farm. 6) In the case of member farms, the type of work which is achieved cooperatively by more than 70 percent is purchasing or exchaging seeds, sterilization, and plant protection. Despite seed bad, water management, transplanting and the like being more or less suitable for cooperative work, the proportion of those works done cooperatively is relatively small as compared to what we expected. 7) According to farmers interviewed, variety selection, plant protection, seed bed, transplanting fertilization, water management, and harvesting works are more easier for cooperation, in order importance. 8) Cooperative farmers were cultivating a leading variety, Tongil, which showed higher yields than ordinary varieties and had a desire to be released a new high yielding variety which has a characteristics of highly resistance to dsease and insect. 9) Cooperative farmers were forced to begin the nusery bed earlier than the individual farmers and to emphasize on the disease and insect control with more frequencies. 10) Cooperative farmers had benefits in the seedling transplanting earlier and higher planting density than individual farmers. 11) Cooperative farmers had an intention to apply a deep fertilization method arid to dress heavier nitrogen with a reasonable ratio of the basal fertilization to the top dressing. 12) Cooperative farmers had a convenient irrigation system and were available to adopt a summer drainage method. 13) Cooperative farmers controlled the weed with agricultural chemicals arid recognized the control effect of weedcides. 14) In general, it was recognized that there happened somewhat benefit result in disease control in the cooperative farm while a reasonable control effect was not found in heavy prevailing case. The dominant diseases found in the cooperative farm were sheath bright, strip disease and they were to he prevented with a strong efforts. 15) Rice stem borer and grass leaf roller were effelctivey controlled in the cooperative farm, however, plant hoppers was not completely controlled by the usual method because of its unexpected prevalence. 16) The most difficult thing to cooperate they indicate is to supply an adequate amount of labor at appropriate time in tire labor peak season. In this sense, it seems necessary to introduce field machinary in order to achieve the objective of large scale cooperative rice production. 17) Farmers interviewed believe that technology concerning yield increase is most important. in this respect, it is important to develop such new technology, to diseminate its results and to train good quality extension workers. 18) 42 percent of member farm operators indicate that the cooperative system was successful and 25 percent indicate failed. 29 percent of non-member farmers think that the cooperative farm system was successful and 7 percent of them think failed. Thus 55 percent of non-member farmers indicate they are willing to join to the system in the next year, 7 percent of them are not and others have not decided yet. 19) 60 percent of member farmers think that the scale and number of members of the system were too much large to successfully cooperate and 67 percent of them believe that cooperation among members were not very developed, and 42 percent of members suppose what the leader of individual active farms were not very well functioning. 20) Number of member farmers who believe that the yield level in this year is increased as compared that before joining to the system is 3,4 percent, and no one indicated that the yield level is decreased. On the other hand, 22 percent of them believe that by participating to the system the same quality of paddy could produce more rice. 21) About 93 percent of member farmers believe that the system may not lie survived without support of government and i priority must be given to yield technology. 22) About 80 percent of member operators indicate that they would partioipate to the program in the next production year and 23 percent of them indicate that they would participate with the same amount of paddy land as this year. 23) The rice yield level for member and non-member farms is, respectively, 406kg and 346 per tanbo, and the former is 17.3 percent higher than the latter. 24) The cash expenses per tanbo for member and non-member farms is, respectively, 12,311 won and 10,398. 25) The gross revenud per tanbo for both classes is, respectively, 60,024 won, and 51,303 when evaluated by the official price level, and the net income is, respectively, 47,713 won and 40,905. As seen above, the fact that the rice yield level of member farmers, hence, the income level turns out to be higher seems to stem from two basic factors; that is, on the average, the member farmers are operating farm with an improved resource base and they seem to use more the so called conventional inputs with a better yield technology and management. Thus we may conclude that it is important to invest to improve resource quality, to innovate new yield technology and diseminate this innovation. At the same time, in order to more promote the cooperative system, it seems desirable to solve the following problem areas: 1) Number of member farms and paddy area covered by one cooperaitve unit seems better not to he very large. This seems so because there is on much scale economies owing to the nature of technology available to adopt, whereas a large member unit may restrict opportunity of individual members to deeply involve in the process of decision making. Thus we recommend to continue to study finding an optimum size of the unit. 2) As implied already, quality as well as quantity of extension workers and other local officers who lead this program area crucial factor to expand number of unit of the system and hence to achieve the objective of the program. 3) In order to get rid of labor deficit, especially in the labor peak season farm mechanization seems necessary. For this matter, it is worthwhile to promote, first of all, to invent suitable field machinery, secondly, land consolidation and other land improvement projects, and thirdly to innovate a new technology system suitable to mechanized farming. At any rate, it is also necessary for the government to supply an adequate amount of credit and other administrative support.

난삭재료의 연삭성 평가

이상태,이후성,정윤교 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2000 産技硏論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The accuracy of machinindg using grinding wheels depend upon the combined parameters that are depth of cut, the speed of workpiece and wheel, the state of wheel surface and kinds of grinding wheel. If this parameters apply inadequately for grinding work, it'll break out the abnormal states such as grinding crack and grinding burn. Therefore, this paper aims at analysing the variations of grinding forces that are closely concerned this abnormal states, proposing the normal and proper conditions of grinding work, an making up the economic grinding.

세포질내 정자주입법(ICSI)에 있어서 정자흡입 및 난자내 주입방법에 관한 연구

이택후,김항진,송건호,김대근,전상식,박윤규,서태광,전병균,류은경,이은숙,문진수,김광철 경북대학교 의학연구소 2000 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.1

Study on Method of Sperm Aspiration and Injection into an Oocyte in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI) Immobilization of spermatozoa prior to intracytoplasmic sperm iniection(ICSI) sometimes results in crooked tail and this makes it difficult to aspirate sperm into an injection pipette tail first. Head-first sperm aspiration into an injection pipette avoid this problem due to the bigger size of the sperm head. The effect of head or tail-first sperm injection into an oocyte on fertilization cleavage, percentage of grade I embryos and development to blastocyst stage in ICSI program has been studied. A single living immobilized spermatozoa from oligoasthenozoospermic patient was injected into an oocyte head-first or tail-first according to the treatment. Eighteen hours after microinjection, oocytes ware inspected for survival and fertilization Fertilized oocytes with two pronuclei were cultured in 30μl drop of mHTF supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated follicular fluid(FF) at 37℃. On day 2. embryo transfer was performed with cleaved embryos. The remaining 2-8 cell stage embryos were co-cultured with BRL cells in mHTF + 10% FF for 72 hours and the developmental stage was observed. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance. A total of 164 oocytes from 36 cycles were assigned to earth treatment and ICSI was performed(88 head-first, tail-first). The rates of normal fertilization were 81.8% and 76.3% for head-first and tail-first, respectively. Of the fertilized oocytes, the percentage of cleaved embryos and the percentage of grade 1 embryo among cleaved embryos were 88.9% and 68.8%, 93.1% and 74.1% for head-first and tail-first, respectively. Of the 2-8 cell embryos cultured, 44.4%(16/36) and 50.0%(10/20) for head first and tail first, respectively developed to blastocyst stage. There were no differences in fertilization, cleavage, rates of grade 1 embryos, and development to blastocyst stage. In conclusion, head-first or tail-first sperm injection into an oocyte in ICSI program does not affect fertilization and subsequent embryo development to blastocyst stage in vitro.

보육시설장의 리더십 역할이 조직성과에 미치는 영향

김종후,임태균 인제대학교 2009 仁濟論叢 Vol.24 No.1

This research aims to analyze the relationship between the nursery facility principal’s leadership style and the organizational performance. By collecting data from nursery facilities and analyzing them, the followings are found. First, the nursery facility teachers perceived most frequently the facility principals’ leadership styles as pathfinding style, following by empowering, aligning and modeling. Second, although the teachers' perception of the facility principal’s leadership styles did not differ according to the teachers' ages, the teachers’ perception demonstrated significant difference according to the period of employment at the current nursery facility. Third, while the teachers' degree of job satisfaction did not differ among teachers of different age groups, the degree of job satisfaction showed big disparity in accordance with the teachers' period of employment. Fourth, although the teachers' organizational involvement did not differ according to the teachers' ages, the teachers who had been employed for a longer time at the current nursery facilities demonstrated higher levels of organizational involvement. Fifth, the facility principals' leadership styles, the teachers' degree of job satisfaction, and the teacher’s organizational involvement showed a positive correlation(O.68). Sixth, among the different leadership styles of the facility principals, only modeling style was found to affect the teachers' job satisfaction. Seventh, among the leadership styles of the facility principals, modeling style and pathfinding style affected the teachers' organizational involvement.

유산균들의 콜레스테를 저하성, 내산성, 내담즙성, 항생제 내성 비교

박소영,고영태,정후길,양진오,정현서,김영배,지근억 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.3

기능성 요구르트의 제조에 사용되는 유산균은 인체에 유익한 생리활성과 우수한 생존능력을 보유하고 있는 것이 바람직하다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 유산균주의 산과 담즙 및 항생제에 대한 내성을 조사하였으며 in vitro에서 콜레스테롤 저하능을 조사하였다. In vitro에서 콜레스테롤 저하능이 우수한 13균주를 선발하여 이들의 동결건조 분말을 고 콜레스테롤 식이의 실험쥐에 투여하였다. 그 결과 8균주는 비 투여구보다 유의적으로 18.3~27.3%의 콜레스테롤 저하능을 나타냈다(P≤0.05). 이들 중에서 Bifidobacterium infantis AM-220, Lactobacillus AM-245, Streptococcus MA-1의 3균주를 이용하여 요구르트를 제조한 후 동결건조 분말을 이용하여 급여실험을 수행한 결과, 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL 함량이 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. For a probiotic yoghurt it is desirable to utilize lactic acid bacteria with a high survival rate and beneficial function to human beings. We have examined a variety of lactic acid bacteria to assess the acid and bile tolerance and antibiotic resistance. In addition, an in vitro culture experiment was performed to evaluate their ability to reduce cholesterol levels in the growth medium. Thirteen strains were selected from in vitro cholesterol assays and fed to Sprague-Dawley rats with a high-cholesterol diet. Among the 13 strains tested, 8 strains were shown to reduce serum cholesterol levels significantly after 24 days of administration in vivo. Rats were fed lyophilized yoghurt powder fermented with a combination of 3 selected strains: Bifidobacterium infantis AM-220, Lactobacillus AM-245, and Streptococcus MA-1. The levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were significantly lower (p≤0.05) in rats fed the yoghurt powder compared with control group. These studies suggest that yoghurt fermented with appropriately selected lactic acid bacteria may have a anticholesterolemic effect.

국산 감잎으로부터 추출한 폴리페놀화합물군이 지질대사에 미치는 영향

백경연,손준호,박무희,성태수,최청 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 2000 생명자원과 산업 Vol.4 No.-

한국산 감잎으로보터 polyphenol 화합물군을 분리 및 정제하여 5주간 고지방 식이를 한 후, 혈장 및 간장에서의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 혈장에서는 polyphenol 화합물군 Ⅱ에서 총지질, 총콜레스테롤이 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 또한 간장에서는 총지질, 중성지질이 대조군에 비해서 유의성 있는 결과가 나타났다. 5주 동안 고지방 식이를 한 후 분변을 채취하여 총지질, 총콜레스테롤 및 중성지질을 측정한 결과 감잎에서 추출한 polyphenol 화합물 군이 고지방식이 만을 섭취 시킨 대조군에 비해 다소 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 감잎 화합물군을 섭취시킨 후 총단백질과 알부민 함량을 측정한 결과 대조군과 실험군에서 유의성 있는 차이는 나타나지 않았다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the polyphenol fraction isolated from persimmon leaves on the reduction of fat accumulation in rats fed on hight fat diet for 5 weeks. It was to examine metabolism by analyzing biochemically the fat composition in serum was remarkably reduced in polyphenol fraction Ⅱ as compared with the control group. The liver was that the levels of total lipid and triglyceride was significantly lower than the control group. The contents of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in feces were tended to be slightly increase polyphenol fraction compounds compared to control group. In the total protein and albumin, all experimental groups were lower compared to control group, which were not significant.