강낭콩의 식물체 부위와 생육시기에 따른 무기영양성분 함량과 흡수량에 대한 질소의 사용효과

오태근,이경아,송범헌 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2012 農業科學硏究 Vol.28 No.2

This study was conducted to examine the nitrogen effects on uptake and utilization of major mineral nutrients of the kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The N treatments were five levels, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 N kg/10a. The kidney bean was cultivated on the upland experimental field in the agricultural ???? research & extensions service of Chungbuk province. The contents and uptake amounts of mineral nutrients were investigated throughout the growth stages of the kidney bean. Higher content of total N in the stem was maintained until 8 days before flowering stage and then decreased gradually. Also, total N content of leaves was increased in the vegetative growth stage, and it was decreased rapidly to 8 days after the flowering stage, and then increased gradually to the initial maturity stage. Total N content of roots was tended to decrease until 8 days after the flowering stage, while that of seed was increased from the flowering stage to the maturity stage. The amount of uptake N of the shoot parts was increased until the flowering stage, maintained similarly from the flowering to 14 days after the flowering stage, and then increased rapidly to the maturity stage, while that of root was increased slowly to the flowering stage and then maintained similarly to the maturity.

官僚制 構造의 類型과 官僚腐敗의 關係에 대한 硏究

윤태범 釜慶大學校 1998 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.3 No.1

This exploratory study aims at analyzing the relationship between bureaucratic corruption and bureaucratic structure. The structure of bureaucracy and an official's place in it will determine both his or her discretionary power and the expected costs of accepting a bribe. In attempting this task, it would be desirable, of course, to draw upon a well-developed theory of bureaucracy, modifying standard models to capture the peculiarities of my subject. Unfortunately, however, a powerful positive theory of bureaucracy simply does not exit. As a consequence, I have had to develop my own models of bureaucratic structure as part of the analytic and finally, the disorganized bureaucratic structure. Assume that the policy-maker is concerned only with the problem by an official forcing clients to pay for a benefit to which they are legally entitled. In this case, the use of independent officials is always superior to the sequential alternative. This can be demonstrated formally. The probabilities of the four possible alternatives are Official B Official A corrupt honest corrupt β₁β₂ β₂(1-β₁) β₁(1-β₂) (1-β₂)(1-β₁) As a result, this analysis reveals a reciprocal relation between structure and corruption. Just as structure may influence the level of corruption, so the desitre for corrupt returns will influence structure. Corrupt top bureaucrats in public agencies will seek to replace disorganized procedures with rationalized ones that centralized authority. Once in control of an agency, however, corrupt bureaucrats will wish to establish arbitrary and slow-moving legal procedures, either by riching incompetent nderlings or by promulgating complicated regulations. Their ability to use these devices to extract bribes will, of course, depend upon the existence of private market substitutes or alternatives in other areas og government. Thus a corrupt agency head might also try both to outlaw private substitutes and to absorb competing public agencies or independent government jurisdiction. Chaos will be replaced by order, yet this organization mat produce, not speed, but agonizing deliberation.

조경수목의 컨테이너생산과 노지생산 방식에 대한 비교연구 : 경제적 실용화 가능성을 중심으로 Economic Feasibility Study

김태진,김학범 안성산업대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

외국에 비해 국내에서는 아직 컨테이너식재가 보편화되지 않고 있어 그 효용성을 인식하지 못하여 왔다. 일부 조경수 생산업체를 중심으로 외국의 기술을 시범적으로 실험하여 적용가능성을 타진하는 경우가 있으나, 아직은 체계화된 연구결과를 발표하는 단계에까지는 이르지 못하고 있다. 그것은 생산자 측면에서는 기존의 조경수 생산업이 소규모의 영세성을 벗어나지 못하였고 품질위주의 생산보다는 양적인 식재관행에 의존하여 그때그때의 시장수요에 대응하는 수동적인 자세만을 견지해 왔기 때문이다. 연구개발 측면에서는 선진적인 조경수 생산분야에서의 신기술개발 관심이 부족하였고 일과성의 연구가 단편적으로 수행되고 있는 풍토에서 장기적인 안목의 연구투자가 뒷받침되지 못했기 때문이다. 따라서 컨테이너 생산기술 보급을 위해 참고하거나 현장에서 적용할 수 있는 기초자료가 거의 축적되어 있지 않다. 한편, 컨테이너 석재기술의 선진국인 미국, 유럽 등의 연구수준은 우리보다 앞서있으나, 그 기술을 그대로 도입하는 데는 몇 가지 문제점이 있다. 우선 4계절이 뚜렷한 우리나라의 기후조건에 적용가능성이 불투명하고, 생산되는 조경수목 또한 생리적, 생태적 차이가 있으므로 선진 연구결과에 따라 그대로 기술을 적용했을 경우, 동일한 성과를 보장 할 수 없다. 또한 저림한 조경수목의 단가에 비해 컨테이너 생산방식의 도입에 따라 과다한 생산비 증가요인이 발생될 경우, 그 생산기법이 아무리 효과적이라도 실용화 되기 어렵다. 특히, 노지재배를 주로 하고 있는 우리나라 조경생산업의 현실에서 외국의 선진 컨테이너의 무분별한 도입으로 그 실용화 가능성에 대한 검증이 이루어지지 못하게 된다면, 계속 기술 종속적인 상태로 영세성과 후진성을 면치 못하게 될 것이다. 따라서 본 고에서는 우선 컨테이너 생산방식의 실용화 가능성을 살펴보기 위하여 기존의 노지생산방식과 어떤 차이 가 있는 지 생산비를 기준으로 비교·분석하여 보았다. 분석결과, 컨테이너 생산방식은 굴취인건미가 노지생만방식의 20%에 불과하고 보조재료비와 운반비를 포함했을 경우, 50% 수준이다. 반면 컨테이너 자재 및 주기적 이식 및 관리비용은 노지생산방식에 비해 약 4배정도 소요된다. 그러나 본 연구결과에 의하면 조경수 생산비에서 노루비가 차지하는 비율이 계속 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 기존의 조경수 생산방식은 노동력을 많이 요구하는 방식으로써, 가속화되어 가는 노동력 감소 추세에 비추어 한계를 가지고 있다. 따라서 적은 노동력과 균일한 품질의 조경수생산이 가능한 컨테이너 생산방식은 이러한 우리나라 여건에 잘 부응될 수 있는 기술이 될 것으로 사료된다. This study was aimed at finding out the economic feasibility of container versus traditional landscape tree production methods. The results were as follows. The uprooting labor cost of the container production method was at less 20% than the traditional production methods. And th total cost of supporting material and shipping was reached at 50%. The total cost of container supporting materials and transplanting(shipping) was calculated 4 times as the traditional production method. But, the labor cost was on the increasing nowadays, and the traditional production methods were labor consuming in it-self. Therefore, it has th limits as the decreasing nursery labor supply market conditions. I could be concluded that the container production methods have more advantages than the traditional production methods under the financial and manpower shortage conditions of nursery industry.

캡사이신유도체를 함유하는 폴록사머 겔제제의 물리화학적 특성 : based Gel Containing Capsaicin Analog

김태완,조청일,최춘영,이범진 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.1

Physicochemical changes of poloxamer-based gel containing capsaicin analog (N-[3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl]-4-(2-aminoethoxy)-3-methoxypheny] acetamide) such as drug content, viscosity and surface tension were investigated during the storage conditions at three different temperatures (25, 40 and 60℃) over 90 days. No noticeable changes of color were observed when stored at 25 and 40℃. However, the color of white poloxamer gels turned yellow during storage at 60℃. The drug contents were unchanged during storage at 25℃ but had tendency to decrease at 40℃. The drug contents were highly decreased over 40-50% when stored at 60℃. The viscosity of a poloxamer-based gel was unchanged during storage at 25 and 40℃ but greatly increased at 60℃. The surface tension of a poloxamer-based gel was not changed at three different temperatures. The storage conditions of a poloxamer-based gel containing capsaicin analog can be considered for further clinical applications.

한 · 일 중재법상 중재판정의 비교법적 고찰

최석범,정재우,김태환 韓國仲裁學會 2006 중재연구 Vol.16 No.1

The parties in the trade can have full autonomy and can resolve disputes independently, impartially and without delay by selecting arbitration by agreement. Korea and Japan had revised their Arbitration Laws to incorporate as many provisions of the 1985 UNCITRAL Model Law as possible. Japan had amended its century-cld arbitration law, becoming the 45th country to adopt the UNCITRAL Model Law on International commercial arbitration. New Arbitration Law was enacted as Law No.138 of 2003 and effective on March 1, 2004, is applicable to both national international arbitration. Korea had amended its arbitration law on December 31, 1999 and its New Arbitration Law incorporates the most of the 1985 UNCITRAL Model Law as Japan. Arbitration must be popular in resolving international commercial disputes in Northeast Asian bloc in order to increase the volume of intra-trade in the Northeast Asian bloc. But in order for the parties to make use of arbitration in the bloc, the arbitration laws of nations in the bloc must have similarity and unification. As Korea and Japan playes important roles in the bloc, both nations's arbitration laws must be studied in view of similarity and difference to unify both nations' arbitration laws by way of showing an example. Therefore, this paper deals with both nations' arbitration laws in view of comparative law to unify their arbitration laws and Northeast Asian Nations' arbitration laws.

2종의 뒤영벌 여왕벌의 실내 정착율 비교

이상범,배태웅 東亞大學校 1999 東亞論叢 Vol.36 No.-

국내종 뒤영벌족 중 주요 우점종인 호박벌과 좀뒤영벌의 실내정착가능성을 조사하기 위하여 1997년 3월말에서 5월초까지 수원, 지리산과 인천영흥도에서 채집한 두 종의 여왕벌을 상자별로 사육한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 호박벌과 좀뒤영벌 모두 상자의 재질이나 크기에 따른 산란율 및 성충출현율의 차이는 없었으나 호박벌이 좀뒤영별보다 산란율, 첫일벌 출현율, 50두 이상 일벌출현율, 새여왕벌 출현군체수, 여왕벌 수명 및 군체의 크기 등에서 좋은 성적을 보여 실내사육이 가능한 종이며 방화성 곤충으로서도 개발이 가능한 종이다. For survey of colony performance by foundation queens collected, collection of domestic species of Bombini was made from March to May of 1997 on Kyungki Suwon, Kyungnam Chiri-Mt. Area and Inchun Younghwung-Do in Korea. And queens of two Bombus species was reared at the 4 kinds of wooden case. The results obtained are as follows; Both of Bombus ignitus and B. ardeus were not a difference between the rate of egg-laid and of warker emergence according to the quality of material and size of all of ages. Bombus ignitus is better than Bombus ardens according to the rate fo egg-laid, rate of first worker emrgence, ≥50 heads of worker emergence, rate of new queen emergence, longivity of foundation queens, and size of colonies. So B. ignitus is possible to develop indoor rearing and foraging insect.

첨가제에 따른 도시폐기물 소각 Fly Ash의 고형화/안정화 특성

이범재,권영배,김태동 안동대학교 환경연구소 2001 환경연구 Vol.1 No.-

In treatment of hazardous wastes like fly ash, landfill has been generally the most economical and easy method of treating this waste in Korea. But there is a stringent restriction on landfill because soil and groundwater contamination is occurred by the leachate from landfill materials. Modified stabilization/solidification technology, to solve these problems in landfill and melting processes, is researched with which we can stabilize heavy metals in solidified matrix. Objectives of this study are development of S/S process technology for stabilization of pollutants in hazardous wastes, and determination of the optimum additives and their mixing ratio for increasing the physical propriety of solidified matrix and reducing the pollutants leaching concentrations. The results of this study are as follows; Solidified matrix' proprieties such as heavy metals leaching concentrations and compressive strength were improved when slag and rice husk ash were used such as pozzolan materials and added additives as sorts of aluminate, sulfate and silicate chemicals. In the case of HS fly ash, when 5% sodium silicate and 10% cement were used as additives, compressive strength was over 90 kgf/㎠ in 28 the curing days and when sodium silicate and slag were added, heavy metal leaching concentrations were under the criteria in the 7 curing day. In the case of KM fly ash, the physico-chemical proprieties (compressive strength of solidified matrix and heavy metal leaching concentrations) were improved over 150 kgf/㎠ in 28 curing days by the additives like slag and rice husk ash (pozzolan materials) and sorts of aluminate, sulfate, silicate, etc.

정면에서 평가한 한국인 여성 입술의 심미성과 전방 분절 골절단술 후 입술의 평가

이범석,강윤구,윤태호,국윤아 대한치과교정학회 2007 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.37 No.5

이 연구는 한국인 여자 유명 모델과 일반인의 정면입술의 차이점을 비교하여 아름다운 입술의 특징을 규명하며 양악 전방 분절골절단술을 시행한 환자에서 정면입술의 변화를 측정하고 그 수술 결과를 한국인 모델과 비교하여 차이점을 알아보고자 하였다. 한국인 유명 모델 30명, 일반인 26명과 양악 전방 분절골절단술을 받은 환자의 10명을 대상으로 정면입술 부위의 12개의 선 길이, 홍순의 5개의 각도와 둘레 및 면적을 측정하였고, 통계분석은 unpaired & paired t-test를 이용하였다. 한국인 유명 모델 군과 일반인 군의 비교에서 하안면 얼굴 폭경, 하안면 수직길이, 상홍순의 높이, 하순의 길이, 상홍순의 구각부 각도와 central bow의 각도는 의미 있는 차이로 일반인 군보다 유명 모델 군에서 작았다. 그러나, 입술의 폭, 하홍순의 높이, Cupid's bow tip간 거리와 하홍순의 구각부 각도는 유명 모델 군에서 컸고 입술의 둘레와 전체 면적에서도 일반인 군보다 컸다. 양악 전방 분절골절단술을 받은 환자의 정면입술에서는 하안면 얼굴 폭경, 상홍순의 높이, Cupid's bow tip에서 구각부까지의 길이와 상홍순의 면적이 통계적으로 의미 있는 변화를 보였고 한국인 유명 모델과의 비교에서 비슷한 수치를 나타내었지만 상순의 길이는 반대로 증가하였다. 연구의 결과는 교정치료 혹은 양악 전방 분절골절단술을 계획할 때 정면 입술 심미성을 평가하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine firstly the characteristics of esthetic lips in Korean females and secondly to measure the changes of the lips before and after anterior segmental osteotomy in bimaxillary protruded patients. Methods: Samples consisted of 30 models and 26 nonmodels, and 10 patients who had received anterior segmental osteotomy. Twelve linear measurements, 5 angular measurements, and the lip perimeter and area were measured. These results were compared for each group using unpaired and paired t-tests. Results: Full face width, nose to chin, upper vermilion height and angle, lateral heights at the point of the tips of Cupid's bow, central bow angle, and the lower lip to chin lengths were significantly greater in nonmodels than in models. However, overall lip width, lower vermilion height and angle, tip-to-tip of Cupid's bow lip perimeter, and lower vermilion area were greater in models than in nonmodels. Comparison of before and after anterior segmental osteotomy revealed that the values for the upper vermilion and lateral heights, the angle to Cupid's bow tip lengths, and upper vermilion area of post-operative patients had become similar to those of Korean female models. Our findings demonstrated that Korean female models have a fuller lower vermilion & thinner upper vermilion compared with nonmodel controls, as determined by the vermilion heights, angles, and areas. Conclusions: It will be helpful for clinicians to use these measurements as guidelines for improving patients' facial esthetics.

퍼지 GMDH 알고리즘과 폐수처리 공정 시스템에의 응용

안태천,노석범,황형수,오성권 圓光大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.31 No.2

본 논문에서는 GMDH(Group Method of Data Handling) 알고리즘을 이용하여 퍼지 모델의 구조와 파라미터를 설정하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 퍼지 함의 규칙의 전건부 구조와 파라미터를 동정하기 위해 GMDH 알고리즘과 퍼지 추론을 사용하였고 최적의 후건부 파라미터를 동정하기 위해 최소 자승법을 사용하였다. 제안된 모델링 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위해서 가스로 시계열 데이터와 하수처리 데이터를 사용하였다. 제안된 방법을 사용하면 다른 모델에 비해 우수한 성능을 가진 지능 모델을 얻을수 있다. The Proposed fuzzy modeling implements system structure and parameter identification using the GMDH(Group Method of Data Handling) Algorithm. In this method, We use the GMDH algorithm and fuzzy inference to identify the premise structure and parameter of fuzzy implication rules and least square method to identify optimum consequence parameter. Time seris data for gas furnace and wastewatertreatment data are used for purpose of evaluating the performance of the proposed fuzzy.

강우시 불포화 성토사면의 안정해석

심태섭,기완서,김선학,최순범 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2005 建設技術硏究 Vol.25 No.1

This study conducted the indoor slope model test which reproduces the rainfall after building up the artificial slope by considering the construction condition of the actual slope in order to understand the characteristics of the change of the quantitative value such as the pore water pressure, dangerous rainfall volume etc, in accordance with the superior seepage of the unsaturated banking slope in the time of rainfall. With this result. the change of the pore water pressure caused by the rainfall seepage, the estimation of time for the slope degradation and of the dangerous rainfall volume, the change of the seepage line, the characteristics of the change in safety rate by using the simplified Janbu's method (1968) have been analyzed and studied. The abstract for this study is as follows: 1. Since the soil within the slope is in the unsaturated state in the early period after the rainfall started, it is started at the pore water pressure of the negative value(-) in the measuring point around the outer layer and of the positive value(+) in the deep area. As the rainfall permeates into the slope, it become saturated, therefore, the pore water pressure also increases which lead to the degradation. After that, it tends to be gradually diminished. The pore water pressure had shown relatively considerable increase right before the degradation, and 50~150 minutes before the slope degradation happens, it had shown sharp increase. 2. The safety rate is sharply decreased when reached the slope layer after being started its activity at the slope line area; the time to the complete degradation of the slope layer by being the 1.0 for the safety rate after the degradation at the slope line area started is displayed short as the rainfall intensity strengthens, and longer as the slope inclination becomes gentler. Likewise, the time to the complete degradation from the slope line to the slope layer is relatively short for the slope built by the 8M than by the one built by the SW.