A VARIATION IN THE PRESENT STAR FORMATION ACTIVITY OF SPIRAL GALAXIES

TOMITA AKIHIKO,TOMITA YOSHIO,SAITO MAMORU The Korean Astronomical Society 1996 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.29 No.suppl1

We show that the star formation activity of spiral galaxies has a great variety. The star formation variation in a time scale of $10^8$ yr and the mechanism responsible for the variation are discussed.

Müller glial responses compensate for degenerating photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa

Tomita Yohei,Qiu Chenxi,Bull Edward,Allen William,Kotoda Yumi,Talukdar Saswata,Smith Lois E. H.,Fu Zhongjie 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

Photoreceptor degeneration caused by genetic defects leads to retinitis pigmentosa, a rare disease typically diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. In most cases, rod loss occurs first, followed by cone loss as well as altered function in cells connected to photoreceptors directly or indirectly. There remains a gap in our understanding of retinal cellular responses to photoreceptor abnormalities. Here, we utilized single-cell transcriptomics to investigate cellular responses in each major retinal cell type in retinitis pigmentosa model (P23H) mice vs. wild-type littermate mice. We found a significant decrease in the expression of genes associated with phototransduction, the inner/outer segment, photoreceptor cell cilium, and photoreceptor development in both rod and cone clusters, in line with the structural changes seen with immunohistochemistry. Accompanying this loss was a significant decrease in the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways and energy production in both rods and cones. We found that in the Müller glia/astrocyte cluster, there was a significant increase in gene expression in pathways involving photoreceptor maintenance, while concomitant decreases were observed in rods and cones. Additionally, the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial localization and transport was increased in the Müller glia/astrocyte cluster. The Müller glial compensatory increase in the expression of genes downregulated in photoreceptors suggests that Müller glia adapt their transcriptome to support photoreceptors and could be thought of as general therapeutic targets to protect against retinal degeneration.

Structural Insights into the CotB2-Catalyzed Cyclization of Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate to the Diterpene Cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol

Tomita, Takeo,Kim, Seung-Young,Teramoto, Kazuya,Meguro, Ayuko,Ozaki, Taro,Yoshida, Ayako,Motoyoshi, Yudai,Mori, Naoki,Ishigami, Ken,Watanabe, Hidenori,Nishiyama, Makoto,Kuzuyama, Tomohisa AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017 ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY Vol.12 No.6

<P>The diterpene cyclase CotB2 catalyzes the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to the tricyclic cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol, which is characterized by a 5-8-5-fused ring skeleton. We have previously proposed a cyclization cascade involving a unique carbon-carbon bond rearrangement combined with multiple hydride shifts, all occurring at a single active site. Here, we report the first high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of CotB2 with bound substrate analog geranylgeranyl thiodiphosphate (GGSPP). In the GGSPP-bound form, GGSPP folds into a unique S-shaped conformation that probably reflects the substrate-bound state prior to ionization of the substrate GGPP. The folded framework of GGSPP is surrounded by hydrophobic residues and several aromatic and asparagine residues that are well-positioned to stabilize a series of reactive carbocation intermediates through a combination of cation−π and dipole charge interactions. The combined crystal structures and mutagenesis-based biochemical assays provide a structural basis for exquisite control of ring formation and stereochemistry during CotB2 catalysis.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Japanese Men with Lung Adenocarcinomas

Tomita, Masaki,Ayabe, Takanori,Chosa, Eiichi,Kawagoe, Katsuya,Nakamura, Kunihide Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.24

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations play a vital role in the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Such somatic mutations are more common in women who are non-smokers with adenocarcinoma and are of Asian origin. However, to our knowledge, there are few studies that have focused on men. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty-four consecutive patients (90 men and 94 women) of resected lung adenocarcinoma were studied retrospectively. Results: EGFR mutations were positive in 48.9% and negative (wild type) in 51.1%. Overall mutation was significant in women (66.0% vs. 32.2%) compared with men (p<0.001). For overall patients, EGFR mutation status was associated with gender, pStage, pT status, lepidic dominant histologic subtype, pure or mixed ground-glass nodule type on computed tomography and smoking status. However, in men, EGFR mutation status was only associated with lepidic dominant histologic subtype and not the other variables. Interestingly, the Brinkman index of men with mutant EGFR also did not differ from that for the wild type ($680.0{\pm}619.3$ vs. $813.1{\pm}552.1$ p=0.1077). Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of men with lung adenocarcinoma related to EGFR mutation are not always similar to that of overall patients. Especially we failed to find the relationship between EGFR mutations and smoking status in men.

Statistical Assessment on Cancer Risks of Ionizing Radiation and Smoking Based on Poisson Models

Tomita, Makoto,Otake, Masanori,Moon, Sung-Ho Korean Data and Information Science Society 2006 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

In many epidemiological and medical studies, a number of cancer mortalities in categorical classification may be considered as having Poisson distribution with person-years at risk depending upon time. The cancer mortalities have been evaluated by additive or multiplicative models with regard to background and excess risks based on several covariances such as sex, age at the time of bombings, time at exposure, or ionizing radiation, cigarette smoking habits, duration of smoking habits, etc. An interest herein is to examine an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic relationship between radiation exposures and cigarette smoking habits for cancer mortalities. The results revealed a highly significant antagonistic in uence for cancer mortalities from all non-hematologic findings, lung and respiratory system with negative interaction between radiation exposures and cigarette smoking amounts.

한국과 일본 학생선수의 스포츠재미, 스포츠동기, 운동지속의도의 비교: 육상과 야구⋅축구를 중심으로

Tomita Shigeru,박세윤,윤대현 한국체육학회 2023 한국체육학회지 Vol.62 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the Korean and Japanese student-athlete’s sport enjoyment(SE), sports motivation(SM) and exercise intention(EI) focusing on track and field and baseball⋅soccer. 395 middle and high school track and field, baseball and soccer student-athletes in Korea and Japan were surveyed for source of enjoyment, sports motivation, and exercise intention. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, EFA, CFA, reliability analysis, correlation, MANCOVA, ANCOVA. There was a significant correlation between the sub-factors of SE, SM, EI. Considering both country and sport types, Korea’s track and field had the lowest global enjoyment of SE, while Korea’s baseball⋅soccer had the highest perceptions of competency, winning and competition, practice and benefits, and team atomsphere. Pleasure of SM was the lowest level in Korean track and field, while amotivation was at the highest level in Korean track and field. The EI was the lowest in Korean athletics. This result reveals that Korean student-athletes have a high sense of competence, however track and field student-athletes have low intrinsic motivation and exercise continuation intention, and in the case of baseball and soccer, Korean student-athletes feel greater pleasure and less amotivation then Japanese student-athletes. 본 연구는 한국과 일본 학생선수의 스포츠재미, 스포츠동기, 운동지속의도를 육상과 야구⋅축구를 중심으로 비교하고자 하였다. 한국과 일본의 중⋅고등학교 육상, 야구⋅축구 학생선수 395명을 대상으로, 스포츠재미, 스포츠동기, 운동지속의도를 조사하였다. 연구자료는 기술통계, 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관분석, 다변량공분산분석, 일변량공분산분석으로 처리하였다. 연구결과 한국과 일본의 스포츠재미, 스포츠동기, 운동지속의도의 하위요인간 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 국가와 종목을 모두 고려하였을 때, 한국의 육상은 스포츠재미의 전반적 재미가 가장 낮았고, 한국의 야구⋅축구는 유능감, 승리와 경쟁, 연습혜택, 동료와 팀에서 가장 높았다. 스포츠동기의 재미는 한국 육상에서 가장 낮은 수준을, 무동기는 한국 육상에서 가장 높은 수준을 보였다. 운동지속의도는 한국 육상에서 가장 낮은 수준을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 한국 학생선수들의 유능감이 높지만, 육상 학생선수의 내적동기와 운동지속의도가 일본에 비해 낮고, 야구⋅축구의 경우 한국 학생선수가 일본에 비해 더 큰 재미와 낮은 무동기를 느끼고 있음을 의미한다.

Postoperative Serum CEA Level is a More Significant Prognostic Factor than Post/Preoperative Serum CEA Ratio in Non-small Cell Cancer Patients

Tomita, Masaki,Ayabe, Takanori,Chosa, Eiichi,Nakamura, Kunihide Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.17

Background: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with preoperative high serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, patients with a persistently high serum CEA level after surgery have been reported to have a poor prognosis. In addition, in other cancers, the post/preoperative serum CEA ratio has been reported as a useful parameter. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 123 NSCLC patients with preoperative high CEA levels (${\geq}5ng/mL$) who underwent curative surgery between 2004 and 2011. Prognostic significance of postoperative serum CEA level and the CEA ratio was examined. Results: The 5-year survival of patients with persistently high serum CEA level after surgery was poor. On the other hand, patients with normal postoperative serum CEA levels had significant favorable prognosis. The patients with CEA ratio>1 had poor prognosis, however the number was only 7 (5.7%). The 5-year survival rates of patients with other subgroup based on the CEA ratio ($0.5{\geq}CEA$ ratio and $0.5{\leq}CEA$ $ratio{\leq}1$) was similar. Multivariate analysis revealed prognostic significance for the postoperative serum CEA level but not the CEA ratio. Conclusions: For NSCLC patients with preoperative high serum CEA level, their postoperative serum CEA levels is a more significant prognostic factor than the post/preoperative serum CEA ratio.

Radiosensitivity and the Occurrence of Radiation-related Cataract and Epilation

Tomita, Makoto,Otake, Masanori,Moon, Sung-Ho Korean Data and Information Science Society 2006 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Our purpose is to ascertain, if possible, whether atomic bomb survivors with cataracts and epilation were more radiosensitive than those survivors with cataracts but without epilation. A major ophthalmologic survey was conducted in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1963-64. At that time, 2125 individuals were examined. Among these individuals, estimated eye organ doses, based on the DS86 dosimetry system, and information on the occurrence of epilation within the first 60 days following the bombings are available on 1742. In the analysis of these data we have assumed that each individual represents a sample of one from a binomial distribution, and that the occurrence of cataracts and epilation are independent biological phenomena. We got following results. The threshold for cataract induction and its 95% confidence limits have been estimated from data on the occurrence of cataract and epilation. Among the 1742 study subjects, 40 had both cataracts and severe epilation. The estimated threshold based on these cases is 0.98 sievert(Sv), with 95% lower and upper confidence bounds of 0.72, and 1.32 Sv, respectively, and is highly statistically significant. Among the 27 cases of cataracts where severe epilation was not reported, the estimated threshold is 1.74 Sv with 95% lower and upper confidence bounds of 1.21 Sv, and "not estimable". The difference between these two estimates is not statistically significant although the effect of dose is highly significant in both instances. The potential importance of biases in the DS86 dose estimates is discussed. The difference between the threshold estimated from cataract cases with epilation and that from cases without epilation is not statistically significant at the 5% or 10% level, and thus affords no support for the notion of increased radiosensitivity.

Correlation between Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level and Histologic Subtype in Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma

Tomita, Masaki,Ayabe, Takanori,Nakamura, Eiichi Chosa Kunihide Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9

Background: Recent studies revealed a relationship between ground-glass opacity (GGO) ratio on computed tomography (CT) and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in lung adenocarcinoma. Since an association between lepidic histologic pattern and GGO is well accepted, we investigated the link between histologic subtype and serum CEA level in resected lung adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty-one consecutive patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma were studied retrospectively. The histologic subtype was subdivided into 2 groups: lepidic dominant histologic subtype, including adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and lepidic predominant invasive adenocarcinoma versus other subtypes. Results: The 5-year survival of patients with s high serum CEA level was significantly more unfavorable than that with normal levels. Similarly, there was also a relationship between the patient survival and histologic subtype, with favorable survival found in patients with the lepidic dominant histologic subtype. There was a significant relationship between serum CEA level and lepidic dominant histologic subtype overall and in p-stage I patients. Conclusions: Lung adenocarcinomas with non-lepidic dominant histologic subtype are associated with high serum CEA levels.

Real-time Control of Bipedal Movement based on Basal ganglia and Brainstem systems

TOMITA Nozomi,YANO Masafumi 제어로봇시스템학회 2006 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.10