Fatwas and Democracy: Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI, Indonesian Ulema Council) and Rising Conservatism in Indonesian Islam

Syafiq Hasyim 서강대학교 동아연구소 2020 TRaNS(Trans –Regional and –National Studies of Sou Vol.8 No.1

The role of Majelis Ulama Indonesia (Indonesian Ulema Council) in influencing the construction of democracy through its fatwas has fluctuated since its establishment in 1975. During the Suharto regime, which was characterised by authoritarian national leadership, MUI fatwas tended to serve the interests of the regime. Since the reform era, they have stimulated undemocratic circumstances in Indonesian Islam. This article examines MUI fatwas and their influence on democracy in the context of Indonesian Islam. The main argument of this article is that fatwas in themselves can improve or worsen the implementation of democracy. Fatwas may impede democracy if their contents are not aligned with democratic principles, while they may support the development of democracy if their contents promote democracy. Rising conservatism in Indonesia has been influenced by the issuance of fatwas that do not promote democratic values. In addition to examining the roles of fatwa givers and the methodology of fatwa issuance, this article analyses the social and political circumstances driving their issuance. This article presents examples of MUI fatwas that have democratic and undemocratic characteristics. It concludes that democratic circumstances can be achieved through opening spaces for fatwa issuance among additional fatwa institutions in Indonesia, as the monopolisation of fatwa issuance has created undemocratic tendencies in Indonesian Islam.

UV-Visible Light-responsive Hydrogel with Tunable Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Transition with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Conductivity

( Darmawan Naufal Syafiq ),베니,박성영 한국공업화학회 2023 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2023 No.1

Effectiveness of the movement control measures during the third wave of COVID-19 in Malaysia

Md Zamri Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq,Singh Sarbhan,Ghazali Sumarni Mohd,Herng Lai Chee,Dass Sarat Chandra,Aris Tahir,Ibrahim Hishamshah Mohd,Gill Balvinder Singh 한국역학회 2021 Epidemiology and Health Vol.43 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Starting in March 2020, movement control measures were instituted across several phases in Malaysia to break the chain of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we developed a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model to examine the effects of the various phases of movement control measures on disease transmissibility and the trend of cases during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. METHODS: Three SEIR models were developed using the R programming software ODIN interface based on COVID-19 case data from September 1, 2020, to March 29, 2021. The models were validated and subsequently used to provide forecasts of daily cases from October 14, 2020, to March 29, 2021, based on 3 phases of movement control measures. RESULTS: We found that the reproduction rate (R value) of COVID-19 decreased by 59.1% from an initial high of 2.2 during the nationwide Recovery Movement Control Order (RMCO) to 0.9 during the Movement Control Order (MCO) and Conditional MCO (CMCO) phases. In addition, the observed cumulative and daily highest numbers of cases were much lower than the forecasted cumulative and daily highest numbers of cases (by 64.4-98.9% and 68.8-99.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The movement control measures progressively reduced the R value during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, more stringent movement control measures such as the MCO and CMCO were effective for further lowering the R value and case numbers during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia due to their higher stringency than the nationwide RMCO.

Development of Sustainable Home-Network Security Tool

Hamid, Erman,Hasbullah, M. Syafiq E.,Harum, Norharyati,Anawar, Syarulnaziah,Ayop, Zakiah,Zakaria, Nurul Azma,Shah, Wahidah Md International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.11

Home networking and its security issues are directly related. Previous studies have shown that home-network and understanding the security of it is a problem for non-technical users. The existing network management tools or ISP adapter tools are far too technical and difficult to be understood by ordinary home-network users. Its interface is not non-technical user-directed and does not address the home user's needs in securing their network. This paper presents an interactive security monitoring tool, which emphasizes support features for home-network users. The tool combines an interactive visual appearance with a persuasive approach that supports sustainability. It is not only an easy-to-use tool for all categories of home-network users but also acts as a monitoring feature for the user to secure their home-network.

Effects of monoculture and polyculture farming in oil palmsmallholdings on terrestrial arthropod diversity

Amal Ghazali,Siti Asmah,Muhammad Syafiq,Muhammad S. Yahya,Najjib Aziz,TanLi Peng,Ahmad R. Norhisham,Chong Leong Puan,Edgar C. Turner,Badrul Azhar 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.2

Oil palmagriculture has become one of the economic mainstays for biodiversity-rich countries in the tropics. The conversion of native forests to oil palm monoculture plantation has caused unprecedented biodiversity loss in Southeast Asia. Little is known about the effects of oil palm polyculture farming on arthropod diversity. In this study, arthropodswere sampled using pitfall traps at 120 sites in Peninsular Malaysia.We examined howarthropod biodiversity responded to different oil palmfarming practices and local-scale vegetation structure characteristics. We found that the number of arthropod orders was significantly greater in polyculture than monoculture smallholdings. However, we did not detect a significant difference in arthropod order composition nor abundance between monoculture and polyculture practices. In situ habitat characteristics explained 16% of the variation in arthropod order richness, with key predictor variables including farming practice, height of oil palm stands, and number of immature palm. The findings of this study suggest that polyculture farming together with management for in situ habitat complexity may be a useful strategy in supporting biodiversity within in oil palm plantations.

Characterization of TixZn(1−x)Al2O4 Thin Films by Sol-gel Method for GPS Patch antennae

Huda Abdullah,Wan Nasarudin Wan Jalal,Mohd Syafiq Zulfakar,Mohammad Tariqul Islam,Badariah Bais,Sahbudin Shaari 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.1

The need for miniaturization and weight reduction of a GPS patch antennae has forced scientiststo search for new microwave dielectric materials. The sol-gel method was used to prepareTixZn(1−x)Al2O4-based microwave dielectric ceramic thin films (x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30) andto fabricate a GPS patch antennae. The phases of ZnAl2O4 and TiO2 co-exist with each otherand form a two-phase system, which is confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns andthe Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis. The addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2)increased the crystallite size, grain size, surface roughness and apparent density. A material witha higher density tends to increase the dielectric constant ("r), which is suitable for miniaturizationof a GPS patch antenna. As the TiO2 content increased, the "r values increased linearly. Finally,GPS patch antennae were successfully fabricated using the ZnAl2O4 and Ti0.30Zn0.70Al2O4 material. The performances and the operating frequencies of the GPS patch antennae were measuredusing a PNA series network analyzer. The result showed that both patch antennae resonated atfrequency of 1.570 GHz and gave a return loss less than −10 dB. The optimal performance of theGPS patch antennae was obtained from the specimen using Ti0.30Zn0.70Al2O4 ("r 14.57, widebandwidth of 240 MHz and low return loss of −34.5 dB), which meets the requirements of GPSapplications.

Rising Incidence of Primary Liver Cancer in Brunei Darussalam

Chong, Raymond Jih Yeong,Abdullah, Mohd Syafiq,Hossain, Mohammad Moshaddeque,Telisinghe, Pemasari Upali,Chong, Vui Heng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6

Background: Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and is still associated with high mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma are the two most common PLCs, and their incidence varies across regions. Currently there are no published data available on the incidence of PLC in Brunei Darussalam. Materials and Methods: All proven PLCs between 2000 and 2009 were identified from the National Cancer Registry and reviewed. Metastatic diseases were excluded. A total of 123 cases (male 65.8%, female 34.2%) were identified and their data collected for calculation of the age standardised rate (ASR). Results: The most common type of PLC was HCC (87.8%) followed by cholangiocarcinoma (10.6%). There were two cases of hepatoblastoma. The mean age at diagnosis was 63.2 years. The overall ASR of PLC was 8.2/100,000, increasing from 4.5/100,000 population in 2000 to 11.4/100,000 population in 2009. The rates were higher among males (12.0/100,000) than females (4.7/100,000). Among the ethnic groups, Chinese had the highest rates (overall 13.1/100,000 with none recorded in 2000 to 30.3/100,000 in 2009) compared to the Malays (overall 8.5/100,000 increasing from 4.5/100,000 in 2000 to 12.3/100,000 in 2009) and the indigenous groups. The incidence increased after the age of 50 and was highest among the 75-79 age groups. Increase was seen for HCC but not for cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusions: The most common type of PLC is HCC and the annual incidence of PLC is increasing in Brunei Darussalam,rates being higher in males and Chinese.

Investigation of thorium separation from rare-earth extraction residue via electrosorption with carbon based electrode toward reducing waste volume

Aziman, Eli Syafiqah,Ismail, Aznan Fazli,Muttalib, Nabilla Abdul,Hanifah, Muhammad Syafiq Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.9

Rare-earth (RE) industries generate a massive amount of radioactive residue containing high thorium concentrations. Due to the fact that thorium is considered a non-economic element, large volume of these RE processed residues are commonly disposed of without treatment. It is essential to study an appropriate treatment that could reduce the volume of waste for final disposition. To this end, this research investigates the applicability of carbon-based adsorbent in separating thorium from aqueous phase sulphate is obtained from the cracking and leaching process of solid rare-earth by-product residue. Adsorption of thorium from the aqueous phase sulphate by carbon-based electrodes was investigated through electrosorption experiments conducted at a duration of 180 minutes with a positive potential variable range of +0.2V to +0.6V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Through this research, the specific capacity obtained was equivalent to 1.0 to 5.14 mg-Th/g-Carbon. Furthermore, electrosorption of thorium ions from aqueous phase sulphate is found to be most favorable at a higher positive potential of +0.6V (vs. Ag/AgCl). This study's findings elucidate the removal of thorium from the rare-earth residue by carbon-based electrodes and simultaneously its potential to reduce disposal waste of untreated residue.

Relationship between intra-household food distribution and coexistence of dual forms of malnutrition

Yulianti Wibowo,Bambang Sutrisna,Hardinsyah Hardinsyah,Ratna Djuwita,Mondastri Korib M,Ahmad Syafiq,Atmarita Tilden,Mardiati Najib 한국영양학회 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.9 No.2

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The relationship between food intake and nutritional status has been clearly established. Yet, there are only limited studies on food intake among family members and their nutritional status. The study examined the relationship between intra-household food distribution and coexistence of dual forms of malnutrition (DFM) in the same household. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Households with a malnourished child and overweight mother were categorized as DFM. Intra-household food distribution among family members was reported using ratios, which are a measure of individual intakes as compared to all household member intakes adjusted to RDA. RESULTS: A1,899 families were included in the study. The prevalence of DFM was 29.8% (95%CI 26.5-31.2). Children consumed lower amounts of energy (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.06-1.69, P = 0.011), carbohydrates (OR 1.2; 95%CI1.03-1.61, P = 0.022), protein (OR 1.3; 95%CI 1.03-1.64, P = 0.026), and fat (OR 1.3; 95%CI 1.05-1.66, P = 0.016) than their mothers and other family members. In contrast, mothers consumed more carbohydrates than children and other family members (OR1.24; 95%CI 1.02-1.51, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to report on the food distribution among family members and its relationship with occurrence of DFM in Indonesia. The results confirm the occurrence of an unequal food distribution between children and mothers, which increases risk of DFM in the household. The results also demonstrate that nutritional education at the household level is important to increase awareness of the impact of DFM.

Increasing Incidence of Colorectal Cancer, Starting at a Younger Age for Rectal Compared to Colon Cancer in Brunei Darussalam

Chong, Vui Heng,Telisinghe, Pemasari Upali,Bickle, Ian,Abdullah, Muhamad Syafiq,Lim, Ediwn,Chong, Chee Fui Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy and is a significant cause of mortality. Its incidence is generally increasing in Asia. Reports from the West have indicated that the incidence of rectal cancer is increasing in the younger population. This study assessed the time trend of CRC in Brunei Darussalam specifically assessing the different age groups at which the incidences start to increase. Materials and Methods: The National Cancer registry was reviewed (1991 to 2014). The age standardized rate (ASR) and the age specific incidence rates (ASIRs) for three time periods (1991-1998), (1999-2006) and (2007-2014) were calculated. Results: The mean age of diagnosis was $59.3{\pm}14.6$ years old, incidences being slightly higher amongst men (57.6%) and Malays (67.1%). The most common tumor type was adenocarcinoma (96.4%). Rectal cancers accounted for 35.2% (n=372/1,056) of all cancers of the large bowel; more men were affected than women. The proportion of rectal cancer was also high among the indigenous group. In the three time periods, the ASR for CRC increased from 16 per 100,000 (1991-1998) to 19.6 per 100,000 (1999-2006) and 24.3 per 100,000 (2007-2014). The ASIRs for CRC increased markedly between the time periods 1998-2006 and 2007-2014, beginning in the 40-44 years age group. For rectal cancers, the ASIRs started to increase in the 25-29 age group onward whereas for colon cancers, the increase was observed at a later age, starting from the 45-49 age group. Conclusions: Our study showed an increase in the incidence of CRC including in the younger age groups. The increase was seen earlier in rectal cancer compared to colon cancer. These data mirror the trends reported from the West.