E-Marketing vs Traditional Marketing -A Making of Appropriate Marketing Strategies for Tourism Products-

( Sunil ) 세계문화관광학회 2014 International Journal of Culture and tourism Resea Vol.7 No.1

Given India’s unique endowments of biodiversity, forests, museums, temples and pilgrimages, rivers, mountains, historical places, caves, art and cultures, tourism industry holds high potentials for growth. Though, Indian tourism sector has been showing impetus yet it has not got that much of pace as other countries have. To boost the tourism industry appropriate marketing strategies need to be adopted. Marketing does not mean only to provide information but it also deals with the creation of demand of a product. In this study an attempt has been made to assess the online and offline marketing practices adopted by the tourism industry and its impact on tourists behaviour. To achieve the objectives the responses from the 250 respondents were collected randomly. A well designed questionnaire was circulated among the tourists who visited Delhi at various tourist places between October 2013 and January 2014. 5 point scaling technique has been used to collect the responses and these points are Always - Often - Sometimes - Rarely - Never and rated 5-4-3-2-1 respectively. The frequency and the percentages have been found out and presented in the table. The study reveals that lack of quality services and reliability are a matter of great concern to the tourists. Therefore, it is suggested that marketing ethics must strictly be adhered to and misrepresentation, misleading information must strictly be avoided. Whatever is being offered must be delivered.

Community Development and Role of Tourism: A Case Study of Tourist Destination Manali in Himachal Pradesh (India)

Sunil 한국문화관광학회 2015 문화관광연구 Vol.17 No.2

Tourism sector has a significant role in the economic development of our country. Tourism sector has contributed 6.88 percent to the GDP and has 12.36 percent share in employment (direct and indirect) in the year 2014. It has also a significant share in foreign exchange earnings. The benefit of tourism mostly goes to the local community (Sonya & Jacqueline, Mansour E. Zaei & Mahin E. Zaei, 2013). In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess how the tourism industry has created an opportunity for the economic, political, social and cultural development of the local community at Manali in Himachal Pradesh (India) and also tried to study the problems that are associated with the tourism in the region. The study found that the tourism industry has been extending its contribution for the development of local community at Manali. It has been providing employment, business and investment opportunities, revenue generation for the government, encouraging the community to promote and preserve its art, culture and heritage, raising the demand of agriculture products, provided opportunities for local people to run and work in the transport business and by promoting MSMEs in the region. Besides the opportunities, the tourism industry has also added many problems to the local community. Traffic congestion, increase in water and air pollution, solid waste generation, degradation of the cultural heritage, ecological imbalances, rise in cost of living, increase in crime, noise and environment pollution, migration of people to the region, negative impact on local culture, and extra pressure on civic services during the tourists season, are the problems associated with the tourism. The study suggest that effective management of natural resources, dissemination of environment protection information, involvement of local community in decision making, professionalization in the working of local administration, extending the support of government in sponsoring the events, infrastructure development, tracking records of migrants with the help of local community to curb the crime rate, promotion and preservation of art, culture and heritage, involvement of NGOs, compliance of the rules can make tourism more beneficial in the development of local community.

명상에 기반한 감정코칭 프로그램이 가족관계 스트레스에 미치는 영향

김선일 ( Kim¸ Sunil ) 한국명상심리상담학회 2020 명상심리상담 Vol.24 No.-

본고의 목적은 MFCT 훈련 프로그램을 통해 가족관계 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 대해 사례연구를 중심으로 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법으로 MFCT 훈련프로그램을 활용해 불편했던 에피소드를 떠올려 명료화 작업을 실시한다. 염지관 명상을 통한 알아차리고, 머물러 지켜보기를 통한 관찰을 한다. 그 이후 자비소통으로 자기공감, 타인공감, 자기감정표현을 충분히 경험한 후 효과성을 정리하여 비교 하였다. 프로그램 적용 전, 후 심리검사를 실시하였다. MFCT 프로그램의 알아차림과 수용에 미치는 영향을 ACT의 수용, 인지적 탈융합, 맥락적 자아를 탐색 후 가족관계향상을 위한 행동적 방안에 대해 모색한다. 연구결과는 MFCT 훈련프로그램 중 명상하기에서 염지관명상은 호흡과 함께 알아차림하며 머물러 지켜보며 객관적으로 관찰을 통해 문제를 발견하는 것이다. 즉 메타 인지를 통해 자극에 대한 심리적 불편감을 찾고, 스트레스에 반응하는 것을 발견하는 자신을 다시금 바라보는 계기가 되었다. 참여자는 도와주어야 한다는 신념으로 자극에 따른 반응으로 피하거나 도망을 하고, 감정으로 불안, 분노, 스트레스 등으로 힘들어 했으며 그로인해 자기감정 표현에 힘들었다. 이로 인해 염지관 명상으로 문제를 인식하고 해결방안을 모색 후 자기공감, 타인공감과 자기감정표현을 하고나서 평온함 마음이 나타남을 발견할 수 있었다. 감정적 편안함이 보였고 자기인식과 함께 자기조절로 마음이 가벼워 짐을 경험했으며, 그 저변에 알아차림과 수용이 유용함을 알았다. 연구결론은 ACT에서도 알 수 있듯 심리적 유연성을 위해 수용과 인지적 탈융합, 맥락적 자아를 바라보는 중요함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 가족관계 스트레스에 미치는 영향에 대해 MFCT가 중요하게 작용하였음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 자기 인식(Self- Awareness)과 자기 조절(Self-Regulation)을 통한 사회적 관계 함양을 위해 염지관 명상과 자비소통 도움을 확인하였다. 알아 차리고 머물며 지켜보기를 통한 염지관 명상으로 자기의 내적관찰로 문제를 인식하고 통찰 할 수 있었다. 자비소통은 자기공 감과 자기감정표현 그리고 타인공감을 통해서는 상처받은 자신을 사랑하고 타인을 이해, 공감할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 가족관계 스트레스에 미치는 영향에 대해 알고 행동방안을 모색하고 지혜롭고 긍정적인 가족관계향상을 지속 유지 할 수 있도록 해주는데 의미를 부여한다. The purpose is to focus on case studies on the impact on family relationship stress through MFCT training program. The research method is to MFCT training program as a research method to identify cases of inconvenience. They recognize it through Yeomjikan meditation, and observe it by staying and watching. After that, they had fully experienced self-sympathy, empathy, and expression of self-feeling through self-communication, and then organized and compared their effectiveness. Psychological tests were conducted before and after application of the program. The impact on the recognition and acceptance of MFCT programs is explored on ACT's acceptance, cognitive defusion, and self as context for improving family relationships after exploring contextual egos. The results is that in meditating during MFCT training program, Yeomjikan meditation is to detect problems through observation objectively while staying and watching with breath. In other words, it served as an opportunity to look back at himself again, finding him psychologically uncomfortable with stimuli through meta-recognition and finding him responding to stress. Participants avoided or ran away with a stimulus response with the belief that they should help, struggled with anxiety, anger, and stress due to emotions, and thus struggled to express their feelings. This led to the discovery of a sense of tranquility after recognizing the problem with Yeomjikan meditation and exploring solutions, expressing self-sympathy, empathy, and self-feeling. Emotional comfort was seen, and the mind was light with self-awareness and self-regulation, so he experienced the burden, and found it useful to recognize and accept the alternative. The research conclusion as ACT can see, the research findings show the importance of acceptance, cognitive defusion, and self as context. In addition, the effect of MFCT on recognition and acceptance for improving family relationships was confirmed, and the help of Yeomjikan meditation and mercy communication was confirmed to foster social relationships through self-awareness and self-regulation. Yeomjikan meditation through recognition, staying and watching allowed him to recognize and gain insight into the problem through his own internal observations. Charity communication can love, understand and sympathize with others through self-sympathy, self-expression, and empathy. Through this, it is meaningful to know the impact of awareness and acceptance on improving family relationships, seek action, and maintain wise and positive social relationships.

개혁주의생명신학과 선교적 공동체 : 비판적 상황화의 적용

김선일 ( Kim¸ Sun Il ) 개혁주의생명신학회 2020 생명과 말씀 Vol.28 No.3

이 논문은 오늘날 관계와 공동체의 위기에 대응하는 사역 모델로 선교적 공동체를 제시한다. 이를 위해서 논문은 개혁주의적 상황화의 관점에서 오늘날의 공동체 현상을 비평하고, 복음 지향적인 선교적 교회론을 탐구한다. 개혁주의생명신학은 영혼을 구원하고 진리를 증언하는 복음의 실천적 과제를 일깨운다. 따라서 가족이 해체되고 개인의 선택과 취향이 공동체 헌신을 대체하는 현 상황은 개혁주의생명신학의 선교적 연구 주제라 할 수 있다. 문화 현상에 대한 성경적 비평과 복음적 응답이라는 과제를 수행하기 위해서는 상황화라는 과정이 불가피하다. 이 논문은 먼저 개혁주의적 관점에서 상황화를 검토하여, 성경적 진리와 변혁지향성을 내포한 비판적 상황화를 제안한다. 그다음에는 오늘날 관계와 공동체의 위기, 그리고 그에 대응하는 취향과 선택의 공동체 현상에 대한 이해를 추구한다. 끝으로, 비판적 상황화의 관점에서 오늘날의 공동체 문화 현상을 성찰하면서, 성경적인 공동체와 제자도를 접목하고자 한다. 이는 구체적인 실천 모델로서 선교적 공동체에 대한 논의로 이어지게 된다. 선교적 공동체는 오늘날 변화의 기로에 있는 관계와 공동체 상황에 선교적으로 대응하는 사역 유형이다. 이 사역은 담론에 머무르기 쉬운 선교적 교회론을 복음 중심적, 회심 지향적 공동체 사역으로 갱신할 가능성이 있다. 따라서 영혼 구원과 문화 변혁을 추구하는 개혁주의생명신학의 취지와 조화될 수 있으리라 기대한다. This paper presents a missionary community as a ministry model that responds to the crisis of today's relationships and communities. To this end, the thesis criticizes the present-day community phenomenon from the viewpoint of reformed contextualization and explores the gospel-oriented missionary ecclesiology. Reformed life theology awakens the practical task of the gospel of saving souls and witnessing truth. Therefore, the current situation in which families are disbanded and individual choices and tastes replace community commitment can be said to be the subject of missional research in reformed life theology. The process of contextualization is inevitable in order to carry out the task of biblical criticism and evangelical response to cultural phenomena. This paper first examines contextualization from a reformist point of view, and proposes a critical contextualization that implies biblical truth and transformational orientation. Next, it seeks to understand the crisis of today's relationship and community, and the community phenomenon of tastes and choices corresponding to it. Finally, from the point of view of critical contextualization, we intend to combine the biblical community with discipleship, reflecting on the current cultural phenomenon of community. This is a concrete model of practice, leading to discussions on the missional community. Missionary community is a type of ministry that responds missionally to the relationship and community situation at the crossroads of change today. This ministry has the potential to renew missional ecclesiology, which tends to remain in discourse, into a gospel-centered, conversion-oriented community ministry. Therefore, it is expected that it will be harmonized with the purpose of the reformed life theology pursuing soul salvation and cultural transformation.

Scaling up Business Development Services Through Incubation Centers

Sunil Chitrakar(Sunil Chitrakar ),Byungdeok Kang(Byungdeok Kang) 적정기술학회 2023 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.9 No.3

Micro, small and community based enterprises needed embedded business development services to start, scale up and sustain a business. This study aimed to proposes a conceptual framework to establish a business incubation center to scale up business development services in Nepal. This paper has used qualitative research that includes (i) interaction with stakeholders, (ii) focus group discussion, and (iii) observation. A qualitative content analysis approach was used to analyze the contents of the discussion. Key points and quotes were extracted, synthesized. The study suggests a greater need of sustained business development services and incubation model would provide that specially to micro, small and community based enterprises. establishing business incubation center at local level with joint collaboration between local government, academia, professionals and private sectors can provide a sustainable model.

Mechanistic comparison between MPTP and rotenone neurotoxicity in mice

Bhurtel, Sunil,Katila, Nikita,Srivastav, Sunil,Neupane, Sabita,Choi, Dong-Young Elsevier BV 2019 NeuroToxicology Vol.71 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Animal models for Parkinson’s disease (PD) are very useful in understanding the pathogenesis of PD and screening for new therapeutic approaches. 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and rotenone are common neurotoxins used for the development of experimental PD models, and both inhibit complex I of mitochondria; this is thought to be an instrumental mechanism for dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD. In this study, we treated mice with MPTP (30 mg/kg/day) or rotenone (2.5 mg/kg/day) for 1 week and compared the neurotoxic effects of these toxins. MPTP clearly produced dopaminergic lesions in both the substantia nigra and the striatum as shown by loss of dopaminergic neurons, depletion of striatal dopamine, activation of glial cells in the nigrostriatal pathway and behavioral impairment. In contrast, rotenone treatment did not show any significant neuronal injury in the nigrostriatal pathway, but it caused neurodegeneration and glial activation only in the hippocampus. MPTP showed no such deleterious effects in the hippocampus suggesting the higher susceptibility of the hippocampus to rotenone than to MPTP. Interestingly, rotenone caused upregulation of the neurotrophic factors and their downstream PI3K-Akt pathway along with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. These results suggest that MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity is more acute and specific in comparison to rotenone toxicity, and compensatory brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induction and AMPK activation in the rotenone-treated brain might suppress the neuronal injury.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Neurotoxic property of MPTP and rotenone was compared. </LI> <LI> Neurotoxicity of MPTP was acute and selective to the dopaminergic neurons. </LI> <LI> Rotenone caused glial activation and neuronal loss in the hippocampus. </LI> </UL> </P>

Phototoxicity free quantum dot-based niosome formulation for controlled drug release and its monitoring

Kumar, Sunil,Kang, T. W.,Bala, Suman,Kamboj, Sunil,Jeon, H. C. Springer-Verlag 2018 Applied nanoscience Vol.8 No.4

Electromicrobiology of the extreme saline-alkaline environment

Sunil A. PATIL 한국생물공학회 2020 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.10

Molecular-based identification and phylogeny of genomic and proteomic sequences of mosquito-borne flavivirus

Sunil Kumar Gupta,Sarita Singh,Anuradha Nischal,Kamlesh Kumar Pant,Prahlad Kishore Seth 한국유전학회 2014 Genes & Genomics Vol.36 No.1

Mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFVs) areimportant cause of emerging and re-emerging human diseasesnearly worldwide, transmitted by arthropod vectors(mostly aedes and culex mosquitoes), with particular referenceto yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus,dengue fever virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, MurrayValley encephalitis virus, etc. In over 100 countries, morethan 2.5 billion people are at risk of infection, andapproximately 20 million infections are reported annually. Through the analysis of gene sequence data of these viruspopulations it is possible to infer phylogenetic relationships,which in turn can yield important epidemiologicalinformation, including their demographic history. Earlyattempts to define the evolutionary relationships and originsof viruses in the genus flavivirus are hampered by thelack of genetic information particularly amongst theMBFVs. In this study, complete genome, translated polyprotein,structural and non-structural proteins of MBFVshave been targeted and revealed an extensive series ofclades defined by their epidemiology and disease associations. The branching patterns of at the deeper nodes of theresultant trees were different from those reported in theprevious study. The significance of these observations isdiscussed.

Rheological properties of self consolidating concrete with various mineral admixtures

Sunil D. Bauchkar,H.S. Chore 국제구조공학회 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.51 No.1

This paper reports an experimental study into the rheological behaviour of self consolidatingconcrete (SCC). The investigation aimed at quantifying the impact of the varying amounts of mineral admixtures on the rheology of SCC containing natural sand. Apart from the ordinary Portland cement (OPC), the cementitious materials such as fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and micro-silica (MS) in conjunction with the mineral admixtures were used in different percentages keeping the mix paste volume and flow of concrete constant at higher atmospheric tempterature (30ᵒ to 40ᵒC). The rheological properties of SCC were investigated using an ICAR rheometer with a four-blade vane. The rheological properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) containing different mineral admixtures (MA) were investigated using an ICAR rheometer. The mineral admixtures were fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and micro silica (MS). The results obtained using traditional workability results are compared with those obtained using ICAR rheometer. The instrument ICAR (International Center for Aggregate Research) rheometer employed in the present study for evaluating the rhelogical behaviour of the SCC is found to detect systematic changes in workability, cementitious materials, successfully. It can be concluded that the rheology and the slump flow tests can be concurrently used for predicting the flow behaviours of SCC made with different cementitious materials.