MEC와 SNA를 통합 적용한 골프 참여 동기에 따른 골퍼의 가치사슬 분석

오선효 ( Oh¸ Sun-hyo ),한학진 ( Han¸ Hag-chin ) 한국호텔리조트학회 2021 호텔리조트연구 Vol.20 No.5

This study tries to compare the attributes that are considered important according to the motives of golf participants(intrinsic and extrinsic motivation), what results or benefits are obtained through these attributes, and how a value system is formed in connection with the ultimate values by using Means-End Chain theory and Social Network Analysis. The survey was conducted from May 21 to 23, 2021(3 days) at the Cheongra Bears Best Golf Driving Range in Incheon. After dividing the respondents into intrinsic (n=32) and extrinsic(n=28) participants, an interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire. As a result of analyzing the ultimate value system according to the motivation of golf participants, First, the ultimate value system of intrinsic motivation was identified as 'golf-related prior knowledge (A3)' → 'more efficient golf activity is possible (C1)' → 'pleasure and fun (V2)'. Another value system was found to be 'Golf course quarantine (A5)' → 'Safe golf activity (C5)' → 'Trust and trust (V10)'. Second, the ultimate value system of extrinsic motivation is 'Golf course prevention (A5)' → 'Safe golf activity (C5)' → 'Happy life (V7)' and another value system was identified: 'Golf-related prior knowledge (A3)' → 'Able to play golf more efficiently (C1)' → 'Pleasure and fun (V2)'.

Assessment of the pigeon (Columba livia) retina with spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Sunhyo Kim 대한수의학회 2021 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.22 No.5

Background: To assess the normal retina of the pigeon eye using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and establish a normative reference. Methods: Twelve eyes of six ophthalmologically normal pigeons (Columba livia) were included. SD-OCT images were taken with dilated pupils under sedation. Four meridians, including the fovea, optic disc, red field, and yellow field, were obtained in each eye. The layers, including full thickness (FT), ganglion cell complex (GCC), thickness from the retinal pigmented epithelium to the outer nuclear layer (RPE-ONL), and from the retinal pigmented epithelium to the inner nuclear layer (RPE-INL), were manually measured. Results: The average FT values were significantly different among the four meridians (p < 0.05), with the optic disc meridian being the thickest (294.0 ± 13.9 μm). The average GCC was thickest in the optic disc (105.3 ± 27.1 μm) and thinnest in the fovea meridian (42.8 ± 15.3 μm). The average RPE-INL of the fovea meridian (165.5 ± 18.3 μm) was significantly thicker than that of the other meridians (p < 0.05). The average RPE-ONL of the fovea, optic disc, yellow field, and red field were 91.2 ± 5.2 μm, 87.7 ± 5.3 μm, 87.6 ± 6.5 μm, and 91.4 ± 3.9 μm, respectively. RPE-INL and RPE-ONL thickness of the red field meridian did not change significantly with measurement location (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Measured data could be used as normative references for diagnosing pigeon retinopathies and further research on avian fundus structure.

Regulation of PPAR and SREBP-1C Through Exercise in White Adipose Tissue of Female C57BL/6J Mice

Sunhyo Jeong 대한의생명과학회 2012 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.18 No.3

Previous study showed that swimming improved obesity but was not through PPARα activation in liver and skeletal muscle in high fat diet-fed female mice with functioning ovaries as an animal model of obese premenopausal women. Thus, this study was aimed at investigation of the effects of swimming on the promotion of health and its molecular mechanism in adipose tissue of high fat diet-fed female mice. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups (a non-swim control group and a swim group, n=8/group). Mice in the swim group swam for 2 h daily for 6 weeks in water bath with temperature of 35 ± 1℃. All the animals received high fat diet (45% kcal fat) for 6 weeks. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to elucidate the molecular mechanism. Female mice subjected to swimming had significantly decreased body weight gain and white adipose tissue mass compared with the female control mice. Histological studies illustrated that swimming decreases the hepatic lipid accumulation. As expected, swimming did not affect the expression of mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and PPARα target genes responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransgerase-1 and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in the white adipose tissue. However, mice that underwent 6-weeks of swimming exercise had decreased the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes, such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1C and fatty acid synthase in comparison to sedentary control mice, with decreased PPARγ target genes involved in adipocyte-specific marker genes, such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and leptin in the white adipose tissue. These results suggest that swimming can effectively prevent obesity induced by high fat diet-fed, in part through down-regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis in white adipose tissue of female obese mice. Moreover, these results suggest that swimming maybe contributing the promotion of health through regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis in overweight premenopausal women.

Differential Regulation of Obesity by Swim Training in Female Sham-operated and Ovariectomized Mice

Sunhyo Jeong,Michung Yoon 대한의생명과학회 2011 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.17 No.1

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear transcription factor that plays a central role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. To investigate whether swim training improves obesity and lipid metabolism through PPARα activation in female sham-operated (Sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) mice, we measured body weight, visceral adipose tissue mass, serum free fatty acid at 6 weeks as well as the expression of hepatic PPARα target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Swim-trained mice had decreased body weight, visceral adipose tissue mass and serum free fatty acid levels compared to high fat diet fed control mice in both female Sham and OVX mice. These reductions were more prominent in OVX than in Sham mice. Swim training significantly increased hepatic mRNA levels of PPARα target genes responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransgerase-1 (CPT-1), very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) in OVX mice. However, swim trained female Sham mice did not increase hepatic mRNA levels of PPARα target genes responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation compared to Sham control mice. These results indicate that swim training differentially regulates body weight and adipose tissue mass between OVX and Sham mice, at least in part due to differences in liver PPARα activation.

Liver PPARα and UCP2 are Involved in the Regulation of Ovariectomy-Induced Adiposity and Steatosis by Swim Training

Sunhyo Jeong,Michung Yoon 대한의생명과학회 2010 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.16 No.4

It is suggested that ovariectomy induces body weight gain primarily in the form of adipose tissue in rodents. Since liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and uncoupling 2 (UCP2) are involved in the regulation of energy expenditure, it was investigated whether swim training regulates ovariectomy-induced adiposity and steatosis through liver PPARα and UCP2 activation in female ovariectomized mice, an animal model of postmenopausal women. Swim-trained mice had significantly decreased adipose tissue weights compared with sedentary control mice. Histological analysis showed that hepatic lipid accumulation was inhibited by swim training. Concomitantly, swim training significantly increased mRNA levels of PPARα and its target genes responsible for peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation, such as acyl-CoA oxidase, enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and thiolase in the liver. Moreover, swim training induced the mRNA expression of UCP2. These results suggest that swim training can effectively prevent adiposity and steatosis caused by ovariectomy, in part through activation of liver PPARα and UCP2 in female obese mice.

Effects of Fenofibrate on Adipogenesis in Female C57BL/6J Mice

Jeong Sunhyo,Choi Won Chang,Yoon Michung The Korean Society for Biomedical Laboratory Scien 2005 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.11 No.1

Fibrates are a class of hypolipidemic agents whose effects are mediated by activation of a specific transcription factor called the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\alpha\;(PPAR\alpha).\;PPAR\alpha$ regulates the pathways of lipid catabolism such as fatty acid oxidation and the triglyceride metabolism, resulting in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The decreased levels of plasma triglycerides by fibrates are responsible for hypertrophy and hyperpalsia of adipose cells. To determine whether fenofibrate regulates adipogenesis in female C57BL/6J mice, we measured the effects of fenofibrate on not only body weight, adipose tissue mass and serum triglycerides, but also the histology of adipose tissue and the expression of adipocyte marker genes. Fenofibrate did not inhibit high fat diet-induced increases in body weight, adipose tissue mass and serum triglycerides. Furthermore, fenofibrate did not cause the changes in the size and number of adipocytes and the expression of adipocyte-specific genes such as leptin and $TNF\alpha$. Therefore, this study demonstrates that fenofibrate does not affect adipogenesis in female mice.

Mycophenolate Antagonizes IFN-γ-Induced Catagen-Like Changes via β-Catenin Activation in Human Dermal Papilla Cells and Hair Follicles

Ryu, Sunhyo,Lee, Yonghee,Hyun, Moo Yeol,Choi, Sun Young,Jeong, Kwan Ho,Park, Young Min,Kang, Hoon,Park, Kui Young,Armstrong, Cheryl A.,Johnson, Andrew,Song, Peter I.,Kim, Beom Joon MDPI 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.15 No.9

<P>Recently, various immunosuppressant drugs have been shown to induce hair growth in normal hair as well as in alopecia areata and androgenic alopecia; however, the responsible mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigate the influence of mycophenolate (MPA), an immunosuppressant, on the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and on the growth of human hair follicles following catagen induction with interferon (IFN)-γ. IFN-γ was found to reduce β-catenin, an activator of hair follicle growth, and activate glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, and enhance expression of the Wnt inhibitor DKK-1 and catagen inducer transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2. IFN-γ inhibited expression of ALP and other dermal papillar cells (DPCs) markers such as Axin2, IGF-1, and FGF 7 and 10. MPA increased β-catenin in IFN-γ-treated hDPCs leading to its nuclear accumulation via inhibition of GSK3β and reduction of DKK-1. Furthermore, MPA significantly increased expression of ALP and other DPC marker genes but inhibited expression of TGF-β2. Therefore, we demonstrate for the first time that IFN-γ induces catagen-like changes in hDPCs and in hair follicles via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and that MPA stabilizes β-catenin by inhibiting GSK3β leading to increased β-catenin target gene and DP signature gene expression, which may, in part, counteract IFN-γ-induced catagen in hDPCs.</P>

Expression of Chicken Cystatin for Improving Insect Resistance in Rice

Ryu, Sunhyo,Chung, Ki-0Chul,Chi, Youn-Tae,Cheong, Hyeonsook 한국식물학회 2001 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.44 No.4

To become mature and infectious, many viruses and insects require proteolytic cleavage, which can be specifically inhibited by proteinase inhibitors. Oryzacystatin (OC), the first-described cystatin originating from rice seed, consists of two molecular species, OC-Ⅰand OC-Ⅱ, both of which have antiviral activity. These intrinsic rice cystatins show a narrow inhibition spectrum and ordinarily are present in rice seeds at insufficient levels for inhibiting the cysteine proteinases of rice insect pests. In addition, our comparison of inhibitory activity (Ki value) showed that chicken cystatin (Ki 5×10 exp (-12) M) was more powerful than other cystatins, such as OC-Ⅰ(Ki 3.02×10 exp (-8) M) and OC-Ⅱ (Ki 0.83×10 exp (-8) M). Chicken cystatin also possesses a wide inhibitory spectrum against various cysteine proteinases. Here, we introduced the insecticidal chicken cystatin gene into rice plants to improve their insect resistance. Four highly expressive, independent transgenic lines were identified. Molecular analyses revealed that the transferred gene was expressed stably in the independent transgenic lines. Therefore, introducing the insecticidal cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene into rice plants can be part of a general development strategy for pest control.

Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cecropin A(1-8)–Magainin2(1-12) Hybrid Peptide Analog P5 against Malassezia furfur Infection in Human Keratinocytes

Ryu, Sunhyo,Choi, Soon-Yong,Acharya, Samudra,Chun, Young-Jin,Gurley, Catherine,Park, Yoonkyung,Armstrong, Cheryl A,Song, Peter I,Kim, Beom-Joon The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc 2011 The Journal of investigative dermatology Vol.131 No.8

The lipophilic fungus Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) is a commensal microbe associated with several chronic diseases such as pityriasis versicolor, folliculitis, and seborrheic dermatitis. Because M. furfur-related diseases are difficult to treat and require prolonged use of medications, the treatment for M. furfur-related skin diseases is supposed to gain control over M. furfur growth and the inflammation associated with it, as well as to prevent secondary infections. In this study, we investigated the antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects of cecropin A(1-8)–magainin 2(1-12) hybrid peptide analog P5 on M. furfur. The minimal inhibitory concentration of P5 against M. furfur was 0.39 μM, making it 3–4 times more potent than commonly used antifungal agents such as ketoconazole (1.5 μM) or itraconazole (1.14 μM). P5 efficiently inhibited the expression of IL-8 and Toll-like receptor 2 in M. furfur-infected human keratinocytes without eukaryotic cytotoxicity at its fungicidal concentration. Moreover, P5 significantly downregulated NF-κB activation and intracellular calcium fluctuation, which are closely related with enhanced responses of keratinocyte inflammation induced by M. furfur infection. Taken together, these observations suggest P5 may be a potential therapeutic agent for M. furfur-associated human skin diseases because of its distinct antifungal and anti-inflammatory action.

Effects of Fenofibrate on Adipogenesis in Female C57BL/6J Mice

Jeong, Sunhyo,Choi, Won Chang,Yoon, Michung 대한의생명과학회 2005 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.11 No.1

Fibrates are a class of hypolipidemic agents whose effects are mediated by activation of a specific transcription factor called the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). PPARα regulates the pathways of lipid catabolism such as fatty acid oxidation and the triglyceride metabolism, resulting in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The decreased levels of plasma triglycerides by fibrates are responsible for hypertrophy and hyperpalsia of adipose cells. To determine whether fenofibrate regulates adipogenesis in female C57BL/6J mice, we measured the effects of fenofibrate on not only body weight, adipose tissue mass and serum triglycerides, but also the histology of adipose tissue and the expression of adipocyte marker genes. Fenofibrate did not inhibit high fat diet-induced increases in body weight, adipose tissue mass and serum triglycerides. Furthermore, fenofibrate did not cause the changes in the size and number of adipocytes and the expression of adipocyte-specific genes such as leptin and TNFα. Therefore, this study demonstrates that fenofibrate does not affect adipogenesis in female mice.