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전자정보 접근 방법의 법적 문제 - 진술거부권과 관계를 중심으로 -
趙成焄 ( Cho¸ Sunghun ) 법조협회 2020 法曹 Vol.69 No.6
최근 전자정보에 대한 압수ㆍ수색에서 아이디, 패스워드와 같은 ‘접근권한정보’ 또는 ‘암호화 정보’ 취득과 그 적법성의 문제가 중요한 문제로 떠오르고 있다. 본 문헌은 ‘접근권한정보’나 ‘암호화 정보’의 규범적 성격을 밝히고, 그 취득을 위한 수사기관 활동의 적법성 판단기준을 특히 특히 진술거부권과 관계를 중심으로 논의하였다. 접근권한정보, 암호화 정보를 이용한 전자정보 수집에는 다양한 방법이 존재하며 그에 따라 살펴봐야 할 법적 쟁점에 차이가 있다. 본 문헌은 ① 접근권한정보 등의 ‘진술’, ② 접근권한정보 등을 입력하는 ‘행위’, ③ 접근권한정보 등으로 사용되는 ‘생체정보’로 유형화한 후, 특히 진술거부권과 관계에서 적법성 판단기준을 살펴보았다. 접근권한정보와 암호화 정보는 진술거부권의 보호 대상이며, 접근권한정보 등을 입력하는 ‘행위’, 접근권한정보 등으로 사용되는 ‘생체정보’에도 상응하는 보호가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 물론 ‘접근권한정보 등’에 진술거부권에 의한 보호를 인정하려는 시도가 실체진실의 발견을 저해하는 결과가 된다는 반론도 가능하다. 우리의 암호 관련 법 제도는, 정부도 민간에 대한 암호화 관련 규제를 하지 않지만, 다른 한편으로 형사소송법 등의 관련 절차에 어긋나지 않는 한 수사기관의 암호해제 시도 그 자체를 따로 제한할 법적 근거도 없는 것이라 할 수 있다. 본 문헌은 위와 같은 현재의 법 상태가 암호를 통한 프라이버시 보호라는 사익과 수사를 통해 달성하는 공익이 나름의 균형을 이룬 상태라는 전제에서 논의를 전개하였다. 향후 암호 관련 적절한 규제 수준과 그 평가방법은 어떠한 것인가라는 문제에 대하여도 진지한 논의가 필요할 것이다. Recently, issues of “access information” or “encryption information” such as IDs and passwords have emerged as important issues in the searches and seizures of electronic information. This paper reveals the normative nature of access information and encryption and discusses the criteria for determining the legality of investigative agency activities for its acquisition, especially focusing on the right to silence. First, I classified various methods for collecting data into (1) asking the ‘statement’ of access information, (2) requesting ‘actions’ such as entering access information, and (3) collecting ‘biometric information’ used as access information. Then, I reviewed the judging criteria for legality in relation to the right to silence. Access information and encryption should be protected by the right to silence. In addition, corresponding protection should be provided for ‘biometric information’ used as access information and ‘actions’ such as entering access information. It is possible to argue that attempts to recognize protection by the right to silence on access information and encryption will result in hindering the discovery of the truth. Our legal system does not impose encryption-related regulations on the private sector, but on the other hand, there is no legal basis to restrict the investigative agency’s attempts to decrypt unless they violate the criminal procedure law. This paper developed the discussion on the premise that the current legal system is balanced between the private interest of protecting privacy through encryption and the public interest achieved through investigation. In the future, serious discussions will be needed on the issue of appropriate levels of regulation on passwords and how they are assessed.
Compression of deep learning models through global weight pruning using ADMM
Sunghun Hwangbo,Dongwook Yang,Geonseok Lee,Kichun Lee 한국산업경영시스템학회 2021 한국산업경영시스템학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.춘계
Deep learning, which has recently shown excellent performance, has a problem that the amount of computation and required memory are large. Model compression is very useful because it saves memory and reduces storage size while maintaining model performance. Model compression methods reduce the number of edges by pruning weights that are deemed unnecessary in the calculation. Existing weight pruning methods using ADMM construct an optimization problem by a layer-by-layer addition of pre-defined removal-ratio constraints. Decomposing into two subproblems through the ADMM process, one can solve them through gradient descent and projection. However, the layer-by-layer removal ratios must be structurally specified, causing a sharp increase in training time due to a large number of parameters, and hardly feasible to use for large models that actually require weight pruning. Our proposed method performs weight pruning, producing similar performance, by setting a global removal ratio for the entire model without prior knowledge of structural characteristics in order to solve the shortcomings of the existing ADMM weight-pruning methods. To effectively avoid performance degradation, the method removes a relatively small number of previous layers in charge of feature extraction. Experiments show high-quality performance, not necessarily setting layer-by-layer removal ratios. Additionally, experiments increasing layers yield an insight for feature extraction in pruned layers. The experiment of the proposed method to the LeNet-5 model using MNIST data results in a higher compression ratio of 99.3% outperforming those of other existing algorithms. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in YOLOv4, an object detection model requiring substantial computation.
Sunghun Park,Auh Whan Park 소화기인터벤션의학회 2018 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.7 No.1
A 75-year-old male with recurrent pancreatic adenocarcinoma after a previous Whipple’s procedure presented with jaundice. The local advancement of the tumor caused obstructions of the common bile duct, intrahepatic bile duct hilum, and small bowel. Endoscopic stent insertion was precluded by the Roux-en-Y reconstruction. A successful transhepatic percutaneous single-access stenting of the whole biliary tree and intestine was achieved by H-configured triple stenting by combining T-configured dual stent placement in the biliary system with a duodenal stent insertion across the bottom of the anastomosis after looping a wire in the afferent limb. The ‘H-configured’ stents remained patent for 10 months without major or minor complications. This technique adds a new minimal-invasive and effective palliative option for patients with obstruction of a bilio-enteric anastomosis inaccessible to endoscopy.
Synthesis of GaAs/SiO2 Nanocomposite Films by Using an Alternating Sputtering Method
Sunghun Cho,Soonil Lee,Hanjo Lim 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.5
We fabricated GaAs/SiO$_2$ nanocomposite films at room temperature via the sequential sputtering of very thin layers of GaAs and SiO$_2$, which resulted in GaAs nanoparticles uniformly dispersed in a SiO$_2$ glass matrix. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) examination showed that the diameter of GaAs nanoparticles embedded in SiO$_2$ matrix depended on the nominal thickness of the GaAs layers. The blue-shift of the absorption edges gave not only the corroborating evidence for the systematic variation of the GaAs-nanoparticle size but also enabled us to estimate the diameter of GaAs nanoparticles quantitatively, which turned out to be consistent with the HRTEM observation. In addition to confirming the results of stylus, HRTEM, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) measurements, the analysis of variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) spectra based on the effective medium theory revealed an interesting size-dependence of the complex refractive index of the GaAs nanoparticles.
Sunghun Jung,안세진,Jae Ho Yun,곽지혜,김동환,Kyunghoon Yoon 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.4
This study examined the effects of Ga content in the CIGS absorber layer on the properties of the corresponding thin films and solar cells fabricated using a co-evaporation technique. The grain size of CIGS films decreased with increasing Ga content presumably because Ga diffusion during the 2nd stage of the co-evaporation process is more difficult than In diffusion. The main XRD peaks showed a noticeable shift to higher diffraction angles with increasing Ga content, which was attributed to Ga atoms substituting for In atoms in the chalcopyrite structure. Band gap energy and the net carrier concentration of CIGS films increased with Ga/(In + Ga) ratios. Regarding the solar cell parameters, the short circuit current density (JSC) decreased linearly with Ga/(In + Ga) ratios due to the lack of absorption in the long-wavelength portion of the spectrum, while the open circuit voltage (VOC) increase with those. However, VOC values at high Ga/(In + Ga) regions (>0.35) was far below than those extrapolated from the low Ga contents regions, finally resulting in an optimum Ga/(In + Ga) ratio of 0.28 where the solar cell showed the highest efficiency of 15.56% with VOC, JSC and FF of 0.625 V, 35.03 mA cm-2 and 0.71, respectively.