Classification of Product Knowledge : A Conceptual Discussion

Yoon, Sung-Wook,Lisa L. Scribner 東亞大學校 經營大學 2004 經營硏究 Vol.- No.17

Subjective product knowledge is now a new construct, but in fact has been defined and measured in a plethora of ways. Existing subjective knowledge measures range from a single item (Peracchio and Tybout 1996) to multi-item scales (Flynn and Goldsmith 1999). Regardless of whether the instruments use single or multiple indicators, they simply measure consumers' overall subjective knowledge and treat the construct as unidimensional. As previously discussed, consumer product knowledge is a multidimensional construct (Alba and Hutchinson 1987; Biswas and Sherrell 1993). This multidimensionality should not be confined to measuring objective knowledge. In other words, it equally applies to subjective knowledge. Throughout this paper it was pointed out discrepancies in findings (e.g., relationship between knowledge and search) that are mainly due to the dearth of valid, multidimensional instruments. Unfortunately, such a scale does not exist. Therefore, future research should develop a scale that captures multidimensional aspects of consumer knowledge. Theory-driven, multidimensional subjective knowledge scales should prove useful to marketing practitioners as well. An essential in consumer-oriented markets is understanding the consumer. Part of understanding consumers is understanding how much they know. For instance, a marketer of a new, highly technological product can administer a multidimensional subjective project knowledge scale to learn about the perceived knowledge distribution of his target market. If it is discovered that the target market is largely comprised of novices, the marketer may want to educate the potential consumers in terms of the terminology associated with the product, the product's attributes, the purchasing procedures, and the different uses for the product. Promotional campaigns can be orientated accordingly. If educating the consumer is not of concern, then the marketer may want to place more emphasis on peripheral cues in advertising. A marketer may find him/herself in the situation where most of the target market for his/her product is high on the knowledge continuum. This marketer, for example, will experience more liberties in terms of terminology of message arguments.

「街外街傳」과 「황무지」에 나타난 이상과 엘리엇의 제휴

심상욱(Shim Sang-wook) 韓國批評文學會 2011 批評文學 Vol.- No.39

이 논문은 이상 작품의 서구문학사조와의 관계에 초점을 맞춰 이상이 1936년에 발표한 「街外街傳」(가외가전)을 T. S. 엘리엇(T. S. Eliot)의 「황무지」(The Waste Land)와 비교하여 그 의미를 살펴보았다. 한국이 일본의 식민지로 있을 때 서구에서는 제임스 조이스가 ?율리시즈?를 창작하여 T.S. 엘리엇이 조이스의 작품이 신화기법으로 창작되었음을 밝혀 내 모더니즘의 중심과제로 등장해 있었다. 이러한 서구문학은 일본을 경유하여 유학파인 김기림, 정지용 등이 한국에 들여와 이상과 같은 한국 문인들에게 자극을 주었다. 엘리엇의 ‘신화기법’은 현대적인 것과 고대적인 것을 작품 속에 공존시킴으로서 흩어진 사건을 통합하는 방법이었지만, 이상은 한국의 신화와 동양사상에 대한 그의 지속적인 관심을 표현해 냈다. 이상은 식민지 치하에서 살지 않으면 안 되는 상황에서 편안한 대륙으로 암시된 고대 중국을 회상하면서 식민지 치하의 답답한 상황을 벗어나고자 하며, “손자(係子)도 탑재한 객차가 방을 피하나보다.”로 표현하여 중국을 원망하면서 한국의 삼족오 신화가 일본의 신화에 편입된 것을 일깨워 한국의 고유의 전통의식을 자극하고 있다. 엘리엇이 「황무지」에서 신화기법으로 현대문명의 위기를 그려낸 것처럼 이상은 「가외가전」에서 사라진 한국의 신화와 동양사상을 은유적으로 사용하여 한국의 식민지 상황을 그려냈다. 한국의 모더니즘을 주도했던 김기림이 이상을 한국의 ‘최후의 모더니스트’라고 지칭한 바와 같이 그의 ?가외가전?은 식민지 통치가 극에 달하고 있을 때 ‘서울의 모습’을 공개적으로는 말할 수 없어 ‘거리 밖의 이야기’로 그려낸 ‘폭로’적인 작품임을 알 수 있다. This paper is to examine an affiliation of Yi Sang and T. S. Eliot in Gawoigajeon(?街外街傳?) and The Waste Land written by them. For a Korean modernist Yi Sang, during the colonial period, potentially thought that the Korean myth had disappeared from Korean history into a Japanese myth caused by Japan’s colonial policy. He knew T. S. Eliot’s mythic narrative through Guinhoi and other sources. He became the last member of Guinhoi(九人會) and acted in various roles late in life. Through Guinhoi, he came to know a large amount of Western literary thoughts from abroad and created a variety of works, especially according to T. S. Eliot's mythic narrative explaining writing techniques of Joyce’s Ulysses. As Kim, Ki-rim called Yi Sang “Jupiter,” Kim, Yun-sik asked for researchers “Why did Kim, Ki-rim call him “Jupiter”? This question is very important to know Yi Sang, since both Kim, Ki-rim and Yi sang were Korean modernists in the1930s. I think it that both writers created their poems by Eliot’s mythic narrative technique. However, after Yi Sang’s death Kim Ki-rim called him Jupiter, the gratest god of the Greek-Roman myths. As we think of Yi Sang, we must consider Kim, Ki-rim’s The Weather Chart(氣象圖) written in 1935 with Yi Sang’s Gawoigajeon in 1936. ThoughKim was a pioneer for importing Western modernism in Korean Literature, Yi Sang was a representative practice writer written Gawoigajeon depicted the urbanSeoul by the Joycean mythic narrative in the colonial period.

이방향성 형상기억합금을 이용한 공동 주택용 방화 댐퍼 설계 연구

황성태,이찬희,장진수,변창수,히식수렝,이상욱 순천향대학교 산업기술연구소 2022 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.28 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to redesign, compare, and study using bi-directional shape memory alloy spring to compensate for the shortcomings of the existing fire damper performance. Through the spring constant measurement experiment, using the difference in force between the coil spring and the shape memory alloy spring, the damper closes when the set temperature is reached, and opens again when the temperature is lowered. In addition, the internal structure was redesigned through smoke leakage experiments. As a result, semi-permanent usable dampers were modeled.

골반통증을 동반한 폐쇄신경 기원의 퇴행성 신경초종

이상욱,김두상,조현득,이창호,전윤수,이남규 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.1

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중국의 애니메이션산업의 지역별 효율성 분석

김상욱 培材大學校 社會科學硏究所 2014 사회과학연구 Vol.36 No.1

This paper analyzes the efficiency of the animation industry in China, from regional level, set period to 2011-2012. This paper use DEA-Malmquist method, because it could analyzes the dynamic efficiency. And this paper use 13 regions, because the other regions can not use full data. The result find that the Guangdong province and the Jiangsu province have relative high efficiency, compared with another regions. These region’s regional economic development level higher than another regions, and can provide the high-qualified labor forces. But, Beijing and Shanghai’s efficiency improvement lower than Guangdong and Jiangsu. Because Beijing and Shanghai entered from the initial quantity growth stage to the quality development stage. 중국의 애니메이션산업은 2000년대 이후 본격적으로 발전하고 있다. 본 연구는 중국의 애니메이션산업의 발전 현황을 지역별로 분석해 보고, 이를 통해 지역별 애니메이션산업의 상대적 효율성을 비교한다. 분석결과에 의하면 동부 연해안 지역의 주요 성·시(省·市)들 중 광동성과 강소성 등 지역의 상대적 효율성이 높은 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이 들 지역은 지역경제발전 수준이 상대적으로 높은 지역이며 또한 전문적인 노동력시장이 다른 지역과 비교할 때 상대적으로 발달해 있는 지역이다. 따라서 애니메이션산업의 상대적 효율성도 높은 것으로 나타나고 있다. 그러나 북경시와 상해시 등 지역은 상대적 효율성이 개선되지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이는 중국의 애니메이션산업이 양적 성장단계로부터 질적 발전 단계로 이행하는 과도기에 있기 때문으로 해석된다.

최저임금 산정범위의 조정 : 통상임금과의 관계를 중심으로

이승욱 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2017 法學論集 Vol.21 No.4

In Korea, the coverage of minimum wage has been traditionally determined by the Minimum Wage Act and its decree which are set in accordance of the coverage of the regular rate of wage. The conclusion of the full bench decision of the Supreme Court of Korea, sentenced on 18. Dec. 2013, which has changed its doctrine about the concept of the regular rate of wage, results in the discrepancy between the coverage of minimum wage and that of regular rate of wage. Although the Supreme Court has considered the scope of minimum wage does not necessarily correspond to the scope of regular rate of wage on the basis that they do not have the same purpose and function, the labor inspection agencies and social partners have been in the same position that those wages be aligned with each other. Therefore, the Supreme Court's decision en blanc will have important significance on the practices of minimum wage system as well as regular rate of wage system, and will raise various issues on the minimum wage system. In the normative perspective, the change of doctrine in Supreme Court and its following discrepancy between case law and practices in the field will undermine the purpose and efficiency of the minimum wage system which has been functioning as a basic floor for the wage structure. Furthermore, social partners' acceptance and predictability in the whole wage system will be seriously affected by the discrepancy. From a practical point of view, the wage gap between employees in large companies and low-wage employees could be expanded due to that discrepancy produced by the change of doctrine of the regular rate of wage. Whereas, under the new case law, the regular bonus now can be treated as the regular rate of wage, it is still excluded from the coverage of the minimum wage. As low-wage employees do not ordinarily have the wage system that includes regular bonus, it is not difficult to predict that this doctrine change will not have influence on the amount of their wages. However, employees in large companies will be paid by more over-time pay which is calculated based on the amount of the regular rate of wage, and will not be affected by the change of the doctrine. This difference will expand the wage gap between those employees.To solve these normative and practical problems, this paper considers whether the coverage of the regular rate of wage and the minimum wage should be reconciled and aligned with each other, and if so, this paper tries to scrutinize the possible alternatives of the coverage of minimum wage system. 종래 우리나라 최저임금의 적용을 위한 임금의 산입범위는 통상임금 범위와 상응하도록 최저임금법과 그 시행규칙에 의해 정하여 왔다. 그런데, 통상임금에 관한 최근의 대법원 전원합의체에서 종래 행정지침으로 제시하여 왔던 통상임금의 기준을 근본적으로 변경하는 취지의 판결을 내림에 따라 통상임금의 범위가 종래 행정지침상의 통상임금과 상당한 차이를 보이게 되었다. 이 판결은 단순히 통상임금의 범위에만 영향을 미치는 것이 아니라 통상임금을 산정기초로 하고 있는 고용보험법상의 각종 급여에도 영향을 미치고 있으며, 특히 최저임금의 산입범위와 관련하여도 중대한 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 그동안 대법원은 통상임금제도와 최저임금제도의 목적과 기능이 다르다는 이유로 양자의 범위가 반드시 일치되는 것은 아니라는 입장을 제시하여 왔으나, 행정실무나 산업 현장에서는 양자의 범위를 사실상 동일하게 운영하여 왔기 때문에 이 전원합의체 판결에 의해 양자 간의 괴리가 발생하고 이 괴리로 인해 다양한 규범적･현실적인 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 이 논문에서는 통상임금의 범위와 최저임금의 비교대상임금의 범위를 일치시켜야 하는지 여부를 최저임금과 통상임금과의 관계에서 검토하고, 일치시킬 경우의 내용을 제안하고 있다.

바람직한 광주건축문화 창출을 위한 전제

양상욱 호남대학교 산업기술연구소 2013 녹색산업연구 Vol.19 No.1

“Framework Act on Building” established by law on December 21, 2007 and took an effect on June 22, 2008 is the supreme law as far as Building Act is concerned. And the law stipulates obligations such as regulation of architecture principles, metropolitan council’s architectural policy and setting 5-year-unit planning relating to the policy. Creating architecture culture can be focused on individual architecture point or handled as constituents that form a space environment like urban improvement. And a status as “Fundamental law” is variable depending on the view point. In this study, we will investigate desirable premise through precedent set by the developed counties regardless of each architectural case or space environment formation. And examining conditions for creating architecture culture contribute to quality of life and improving the dignity of Gwang-ju. 2007.12.21 제정 이듬해 2008.6.22일 시행된 건축기본법은 건축에 관한 최상위법으로 건축이념의 규정과, 광역자치단체의 건축정책과 관련 5년 단위의 계획책정을 의무사항으로 규정하고 있다. 『기본법』은 후대에게 물려줄 수 있는 바람직한 건축문화 창출을 개별적 건축사항에 중점을 둘 것인가 혹은 도시나 시가지정비 등과 같은 공간 환경을 형성하는 요소로 취급할 것인가에 따라 기본법으로써 위상은 크게 달라진다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 개별건축사항 혹은 공간 환경의 형성에 상관없이 공통으로 그 전제로서 중요한 것은 무엇인가를 선진 도시건축사례를 통해 정리하고 삶을 질, 광주시의 품격형성에 기여할 수 있는 도시‧건축문화 창출의 전제에 대해 모색하였다.

활동적 생활도시 조성을 위한 부산 일부지역 보행환경 개선전략

고광욱,송성은 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.3

Background : To spread the emerging concept 'active living city' as a process of healthy cities initiatives, there were need to collect the opinions of community leaders through various methods especially in the context of ecological perspective. So several kinds of studies needs to be done through various channels. Although there had been not those kind of approach, as a founding member of Alliance For Healthy Citeis in Western Pacific Regional Office of World Health Organization. innovative active living approaches were tried in part of Busan City. Method : Literature and case reviews, windshield survey and community opinion collecting have been done through various channels. Case reviews about domestic practical articles have been done. Fora were organized to present the concepts and to hear the real voice of community. Community opinion collecting using modified Kyonggi-Do Pedestrian Environment Survey Instruments was done to various citizen group(total 877) during 2005.09.1~12. 20Windshield survey have been done in major area of the District and some prominent point was photographed. Result : Through explorative literature and cases reviews, the concepts of active living and active living city were established. 9 model case were presented as separated booklet. Through community fora, practical and specific opinion and suggestion were received. Windshield survey and taking picture provided useful advocation material. According to the pedestrian environment survey, walking time for transport was somewhat desirable. But comprehensive pedestrian environment especially children safety was major concern. Specific negative event was experienced by citizen. Illegal car parking, deficiency of resting area, garbage was major area for improvement. Conclusion : More specified public officer survey needed to concrete policy making according to the active living city concept through Healthy Cities approach. Practical suggestion from community needs to transformed into specific policy. Increasing walking time through the improvements of walking environment may be good strategy for active healthy city making. Sustained advocation is needed using the results of this study.

[논문]자연신체활동 프로그램의 실태 및 인식 조사

진성욱,황해익 부산대학교 교육연구소 2011 교육혁신연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구에서는 교사-유아 간 애착안정성 정도에 따라 유아의 스트레스 정도 및 유아의 스트레스 대처행동에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 문제에 따른 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교사-유아 간 애착안정성 정도에 따른 유아의 스트레스 정도에는 통계상 유의미한 차이가 없었고, 유아 스트레스 하위 영역인 교사, 또래, 학습 환경에서도 통계상 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 학습 활동영역에서 교사-유아 애착안정성이 낮은 유아 집단이 높은 집단보다 스트레스를 더 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 교사-유아 애착안정성 정도에 따라 교사, 또래,학습 환경 요인과 관련된 유아 스트레스에 차이가 없으며, 교사-유아 애착안정성이 높을수록 유아가 학습활동 요인과 관련된 스트레스를 덜 받는다는 것을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 교사-유아 간 애착안정성 정도에 따른 유아의 능동적, 수동적, 신비적 스트레스 대처행동 양식에서 통계상 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 교사-유아 간 애착안정성 정도가 높은 집단이 능동적 대처를 더 많이 하고, 교사-유아 간 애착안정성 정도가 낮은 집단이 수동적 대처와 신비적 대처를 비교적 더 많이 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. Due to lack of systemic program regarding physical activity in children, the study is to identify the constitution and development of the Natural Physical Activity Program by offering environmentally friendly elements such as wind, sun, mountain, sea, river, tree, flower, field for children. We expect children to learn the relation with nature, respect for life, understanding and love, importance of working together, and etc. The research questions for the purpose of this study are as followed: First, this study is going to identify the overall awareness and its needs of the Natural Physical Activity Program among preschool teachers. Second, we will look over how we can develop such program for preschool teachers. And a direction proposal on Natural Physical Activity Program. About 250 preschool teachers resided in Busan and Gyug-nam province were urged to participate in a research questioning their awareness and needs of the program. Among 250 preschool teachers, we choose 20 of them to interview about the goal, plan and development direction of the program. The result of the study is following as: First, most of the preschool teachers have a positive view on the Natural Physical Activity Program, and they agree that the program is highly needed to use. However, it is urge that overall education environment need to be improved to achieve its goal of the program. Second, the interview on the development direction is categorized as need, development direction, teaching method, evaluation method, activity, problem, improvement, solution, and etc. and, Third, the contents of the program include environmentally friendly elements such as wind, sun, mountain, river, sand, tree, flower, field to induce children’s interest and whole-person education. The contents of the program are expected to deliver hands-on experience for children. And also, the program includes physical activity using a nature object. Based on the potential problems we identified, a next study is expected to deal with following points. First, more empirical research is needed to prove the effectiveness of the program in a broad way by proposing a program that can be applicable at child-education center. Second, the study developed contents to make children feel enjoyable about nature. Unfortunately, in-depth research and development of such program is not sufficient. In this respect, more continuous research on Natural Physical Activity Program is required and need to be widely established.

Kim, Sang-Jun, Sajung Gyori

Sung wook Oh 서울신학대학교 글로벌사중복음연구소 2015 World Christianity and the Fourfold Gosepl Vol.1 No.1