성악 전공 학생의 가칭 시 음성의 SPR(Singing Power Ratio)에 관한 연구

조성미,정옥란,이상욱 한국음성과학회 2004 음성과학 Vol.11 No.4

This study attempted to provide a spectrum analysis for quantitative evaluation of singing voice quality of singing students rather than the presence or absence of the singer's formant. The regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship between ringing quality, SPR, and SPP of singing voice of college student subjects majoring in music. This study measured singing power ratio (SPR) in 41 singing students. Digital audio recordings were made in sung vowels for acoustic analyses. Each sample was judged by 1 experienced singing teacher and 4 voice pathologists on one semantic bipolar 7-point scales (ringing-dull). The results showed that the SPR and SPP had significant correlations with ringing Quality. The SPR had a significant relationship with ringing quality on singing voice in singing students. The SPR can be an important quantitative measurement for evaluating singing voice quality.

白鼠에 있어서 肝吸蟲感染에 대한 獲得抵抗에 관한 硏究

趙星煥,朱炅煥,林漢鍾 고려대학교 의과대학 1984 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.21 No.3

The development of acquired resistance in clonorchiasis was studied in rats experimentally infected with Chonorchis sinesis. The induction of acquired resistance was attempted by first exposing adult rats to 15 or 50 metacercariae of C. sinesis from naturally infected Pseudorasbara parva and then treated with praziquantel prior being challenged. The reinfection was performed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after elimination of flukes. Worm recovery rates and growth of the worms obtained from rats necropsied at 4 weeks after reinfection were compared to those of control group. End point titers of rat's serun were studied by ELISA at the time of reinfection and morphological findings of bile ducts were also studied by the light microscope. In other experiments, rats were infected repeatedly with 5 or 10 metscercariae at 1 week interval for 5 times. Animals were kills 4 weeks after the last exposure and the results were compared to a single infection of 25 or 50 metacercariae. Worm collection was failed in rats challenged with 50 metacercariae at 1 or 2 weeks after treatment. Worm recovery rates were 3.5 and 20.0% in rats reinfected at 4 and 8 weeks respectively after treatment, while 41.5% in control rats. In other experiment, 15.6%, 18.3% and 33.3% in worm recovery rates were obtained in rats, challenged with reinfections at 2, 4, and 8 weeks respectively after treatment of these rats initially infected with 15 metacercariae. Recovery rates were 50.0% in control group. Worm racovered in this experiment were found retarded in growth compared to control group. High end point antibody titers of the rat serum at the time of reinfections were presented by ELISA and it seemed too suppress maturation of the worms. Histopathological recovery of the bile ducts were not remarkable until 4 weeks after treatment and it may be contributed to reinfection as an another protecting factor. Multiple low dose repeated infection showed lower recovery rates compared to high dose single infection. Worm recovery rates of animals infected 5 times with 5 metacercariae were 11.0% and single infection on 25 were 53.0%. That of animals infected 5 times with 10 metacercariae was 13.0% compared to 41.5% of single infection of 50 metacercariae. In conclusion, the data presented in this study indicate that during the course of infection by C. sinesis acquired resistance is induced by preceding infection although complete protection may not be elicited.

內視鏡에 依한 慢性萎縮性胃炎의 臨床的 硏究

曺相圭,高侊道 고려대학교 의과대학 1973 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.10 No.1

On performing the diagnosis of chronic gastritis the endoscopic examination is usually more useful than X-ray fluoroscopy. There have been many discussions concerning the classifications and etiologies about the chronic gastritis since Schindler. However, the clear -cut pattern of gastritis still has not been distinct as long as such discussions are concerned. In the face of these points of view, in this report, I studied 172 cases of subjects with primary chronic atrophic gastritis by means of endoscopic examinations such as gastrocamera or gastrofiberscope. Those results are as follows: On the age and sex distributions, 72.7 percent of all the cases are contained in the range of 40 to 59 years of age and the increase of incidence keeps pace with the older age groups. There is a tendency that male (62.2%) is more frequently invaded than female (37.8%), 40 percent of cases have the duration of 5 to 10 years and the majority of cases have the clinical courses of long duration with progression and remission. On the clinical symptoms, abdominal pain is complained of in 90.1 percent of all the cases and the nature of pain is not periodic 80.7% and dull ache 56.2%, The locations are distributed at the lower substernal areas in 60 percent of cases. In the relationships to meal, postprandial pain is complained of in 69.8 percent of cases. Of the other complaints, abdominal fullness are 57.6 percents, insomnia 52.3 percent, general fatiguability 48.8 percent and anorexia 68.6 percent. On the favorites, smoking is observed in 79.1 percent of all the cases but cases without alcohol or drinking coffee are noted in 57.6 percent and 71.5 percent each. The subjects would take slight red pepper diet in 35.5 percent. On the laboratory tests, gastric analysis, are revealed that hypoacidity is 52.9 percent and achlorhydria is 12.2 percent each. By X-ray examinations, normal results are obtained in 74.5 percent and in 16.8 percent of cases the results are same as ones by endoscopic findings. On the clinical course, the involved atrophic gastric mucosa in hardly thought to be recorvered to the normal states.

몇가지 다른 形態의 5분간 Warm-up들이 男子大學生들의 敏捷性에 미치는 效果

조성초 群山大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of some different types of 5 minute warm-up on agility. The subjects were 90 male college students, aged 18 to 21, who were volunteers. They were randomly divided into 5 groups, which were one controlled group and four experimental ones(group Ⅰto Ⅳ). Each group consisted of 18 subjects. The warm-up prescriptions of each experimental group were general calisthenics to group Ⅰ, jogging approximately 1,000m to group Ⅱ, rope skipping to group Ⅲ, and jogging about 200m and general calisthenics with 10 hurdle stretches, 10 squat jumps and 3×10m trottings group Ⅳ. Pre-test and post-test control group design was used for this study, and Squat Trust Test was used to measure the agility of each subject. Rest interval between warm-up and the test was 3 to 4 minutes. The results were as follows; 1. Generally, warm-up was 5.6% more beneficial to agility, compared with no warm-up. 2. In the degree benefit, there was no significant difference among warm-up types.

暗渠排水 施設導入에 따른 汎用畓의 土壤物理性 變化

趙來淸,金善柱,陳成基,都德鉉 건국대학교 생명과학연구원 1994 생명과학지 Vol.1 No.-

In an existing rice paddy, we established an subsuface drainage and a auxilialy drainage at proper intervals to accelerate the underground drainage. In the process of building up a rotation field. we studied the little physical change of the soil over 24 months. Various tests were conducted (a. Munsell soil color test b. Constant head permeability and permeability test c. Examination of aeration, degree of hardness, waterproof quality d. Shear resistance and friction resistance test e. Moisture content and specific gravity test and f. Measurement of moisture content and void ratio by nuclear density meter). These tests were conducted by many people on soil from each plot. Results of the study are as follows. Paddy fields of Korea have a particularity different from the European countries and America that drain the excess soil water from the shallow surface soil layer. The facing problems on the planning and designing of subsurface drainage are determining the spacing of main subsurface drainage system, combination design of main and auxiliary subsuface drainage system and the structure of subsuface drainage ditch. The structure of subsurface drainage ditch consist of drainage pipe and filling materials such as rice bran and pebbles. The width of subsuface drainage ditch is 20cm in case of trencher operation and 30cm in case of back hoe excavation. The advisable depth of subsuface drainage ditch is below 50cm. In an subsuface drainage plot, the supporting force and the plate sinking volume increased, But the moisture content and specific gravity test, according to the tests had a tendency to decrease. Similarly, moisture content and void ratio as indicated by the nuclear density meter generally showed a tendency to decrease. In addition, aeration, degree of hardness, and the waterproof aggregates percent of soil generally incleased in an subsuface drainage plot. From the above results, we found that when an subsuface drainage was establshed in a silty rice paddy having poor permeability, the physical qualities of that rice paddy became those of a dry field.

〈유충렬전〉의 작품구조와 역사적 성격

조병훈,이상구 순천대학교 어학연구소 2001 어학연구 Vol.12 No.-

<유충렬전>을 비롯한 조선후기의 영웅소설은 소설의 상업화라는 소설 발전의 토대 위에서 독서 대중의 요구에 부응하여 이루어진 통속소설이다. 그러나 통속소설이라고 해서 이들 작품이 우리 소설사에서 차지하고 있는 위상이 폄하되거나 간과되어서는 안될 것이다. 영웅소설의 성행은 조선후기 민중층의 성장과 밀접하게 연계되어 있기 때문이다. 이 글은 위와 같은 인식을 기반으로 <유충렬전>의 작품구조와 주제, 그리고 이 작품의 역사적 성격을 분석하였다. <유충렬전>은 '충간의 대결을 기본적인 갈등구조로 삼으면서 충신의 궁극적인 승리와 그 승리를 통한 부귀공명의 실현'을 구가하고 있는 작품이다. 따라서 <유충렬전>의 주제는 '충'이 라는 명분론적 가치지향과 그 가치의 구현을 통한 개인적 가치의 실현으로 이해되어야 할 것이다. 다만, 여기에서 명분론적 가치지향으로서의 '충'은 봉건적 이념을 보수하거나 고양하기 위한 것이 아니라, 바로 봉건적 모순에 따른 현실적 질곡을 극복하기 위해 천명된 것이라고 하겠다. 즉 봉건적 질곡의 본질을 인식할 수 없었던 소설 향유층에게 있어서 명분론적 관념으로서의 '충'은 현실적 질곡을 극복하기 위한 도덕적 당위나 절대적 가치개념으로서 추구되었던 것이다. <유충렬전>의 향유층이 소설에 몰입했던 주요 이유 가운데 하나가 바로 이러한 도덕적 당위나 절대적 가치개념으로서의 '충'의 구현을 통한 가혹한 현실의 변화욕구였던 것으로 생각된다.

알코올중독 환자의 예후 예측에 관한 연구(Ⅱ) : 가족력 및 DRD₂와의 관계를 중심으로

성상경,차성조,이규항,이정균 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.6

알코올중독 환자의 예후인자를 알아보기 위해 나이와 성별을 통제하여 음주군과 단주군 남자환자 각각 30명을 대상으로 비교 연구하였다. 양군간의 인구통계학적 특성, 음주력, 가족력, 자아강도 등의 차이 및 도파민 D2수용체 유전자 분포를 비교하였으며, 질병경과, 가족력 및 도파민 D2수용체 유전자와의 관련성을 알아보았다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 단주군은 음주군에 비해 기혼율이 높았으며, 높은 경제상태, 높은 학력 등이 중요한 요소였으나 직업의 종류 및 종교에 있어서는 차이가 없었다. 2) 단주군은 음주군에 비해 과거 음주력상 최대 단주기간이 길었으나 평균 음주량이 더 많았다. 또한 음주군은 단주군에 비해 사회경제적 스트레스 및 정신적 불안정이 주된 음주 이유인 경우가 많았으나 음주기간, 음주양상, 음주시기, 음주시작 연령, 술의 종류에 있어서는 차이가 없었다. 3) 알코올중독의 가족력에 따른 비교에서 단주군과 음주군 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4) 단주군은 음주군에 비해 자아강도의 평균점수가 더 높았다. 5) 도파민 D2수용체 유전자의 A1 대립유전자 비교에서 단주군에서 A1 대립유전자의 이환율은 70%, 음주군에서는 60%였다. A1 대립유전자의 빈도는 각각 0.38과 0.42로 양군간에 차이는 없었다. 6) 알코올중독 가족력에 따른 도파민 D2 수용체 유전자분포 비교에서 가족력이 있는 군에 A1 대립유전자의 이환율은 70%, 빈도는 0.43이었고, 가족력이 없는 군에서는 이환율이 61%, 빈도는 0.38로 양군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 가족력이 있는 경우에 음주시작의 연령이 더 낮았으며 문제음주도 보다 일찍 나타났다. 그러나 평균 음주기간은 가족력이 없는 경우에 더 길었으며, 평균 음주량, 최고 단주기간 및 NAST 비교에서는 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 알코올중독 환자의 긍정적 예후인자로 기혼, 높은 학력 및 경제상태, 과거 음주력상 보다 긴 단주 기간 및 강한 자아강도를 들 수 있었다. 반면에 직업, 종교, 알코올중독 가족력 유무, 음주기간, 음주양상, 음주시작 연령, 술의 종류 및 도파민 D2수용체 유전자 A1 대립유전자 분포 등에서는 알코올중독의 예후의 의미 있는 상관관계가 없었다. Objectives : The purpose of the study was to identify the prognosis-predicting indicators is alcoholics by the correlation between prognosis and demographic characteristics, ego strength, family history and distribution of dopamine D2 receptor gene A1 allele. Methods : The subjects were composed of 60 alcoholics including 30 psychiatric inpatients(drinking group) and 30 alcoholics abstinent for 6 months or more after discharge(abstinent group). They were investigated with interview, questionnaire, blood sample and review of their charts. Results : The results were as follows ; 1) The abstinent group had higher rate of married state, higher economic status and longer education years than the drinking group. There were no differences in occupation and religion between the two groups. 2) There were no differences between the abstinent group and drinking group according to alcoholic family history. 3) The abstinent group had higher mean score in ego strength scale than the drinking group. 4) In comparision of dopamine D2 receptor gene A1 allele, the prevalence of A1 allele was seventy percent and the frequency was 0.38 in the abstinent group. The prevalence of A1 allele was sixty percent and the frequency was 0.42 in the drinking group. Both groups were not significantly different in A1 allele prevalence and frequency. 5) In comparision of dopamine D2 receptor gene A1 allele according to alcoholic family history, the prevalence of A1 allele was seventy percent and the frequency was 0.43 in the family history positive group. The prevalence of A1 allele was sixty-one percent and the frequency was 0.38 in the family history negative group. Both groups were not significantly different in A1 allele prevalence and frequency. Conclusions : With the above results, the authors think that successful prognostic indicators of alcoholics are married state, higher economic status, longer education years, longer abstinenence period in past history, and strong ego strength. But family history and distribution of dopamine D2 receptor A1 allele were not significantly related to the prognositc indicators of alcoholics.

Lactobacillus acidophilus 88과 Lactobacillus bulgaricus IFO 13953간의 세포융합주의 특성에 관한 연구

조영배,김혜정,김성구,백형석,전홍기 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1996 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.12 No.-

유산균의 균주개량방법의 일환으로 protoplast fusion 기법과 electrofusion법을 이용하여 protease 활성, lipase 활성, 내열성, 내산성 등이 우수한 L. bulgaricus 와 bacteriocin을 생산하는 L. acidophilus를 융합시켜 얻은 융합주들의 생리학적 성질을 검토하였다. 산 생성능, 내열성, 내산성, protease, lipase 활성 등은 L. bulgaricus가 L. acidophilus 보다 우수하였다. L. bulgaricus는 lactose와 sorbose를 이용하였으나 maltose와 sorbitol을 이용하지 못하는 반면, L. acidophilus는 maltose를 이용하고 lactose와 sorbose를 이용하지 못하였다. 융합주 가운데서는 3, 6, 7, 8, 10번이 모균주의 발효능 특성을 함께 지님으로서 재조합체임을 확인 할 수 있었으며, sorbitol의 경우 모균주에서는 발효능이 전혀 나타나지 않았음에도 불구하고 융합주 4, 7번이 발효능을 나타내어 융합과정에서 새로운 형질을 획득하기도 한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. Lactase 활성은 모균주 모두 높은 β-galactosidase 활성을 보였으나, phospho-β-galactosidase 활성은 거의 없었으며 융합주들도 다소 차이는 있었지만 모균주와 유사한 효소 활성을 나타내었다. 발효에 있어서 key enzyme으로 작용하는 protease, lipase 등의 효소 활성도 모균주의 활성 보다 우수한 융합주도 존재하였다. Aninterspecific fusant was made from the protoplasts of two strains of lactobacillus genus (streptomycin and lincomycin resistant L. bulgaricus and kanamycin resistant L. acidophilus 88). The functional properties of the fusant were examined by determining bacteriocin productivity, acid producing activity, ability of carbohydrates fermentation and three important enzyme activities. The recombinant strain revealed bacteriocin productivity. Acid production and β galactosidase, phospho-β-galactosidase, lipase and protease activity of L. bulgaricus were better than those of L. acidophilus 88. Among fusants, β-galactosidase activity of two strains were better than that of the parent strains but phospho-β-galactosidase activity remarkably lower. One fusant revealed the improved proteolysis compared to that of the parent strains- Lipase activity of L. bulgaricus was better than that of L. acidophilus but another fusant exhibited the highest lipase activity.

重量에 의한 豫備運動이 男子大學生들의 筋 運動知覺에 미치는 影響

조성초 群山大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate after-effects of various weighted preperformances on the kinesthetic perception of college men. The subjects were 56 college men, aged 18 to 21, who were volunteers. In the 1st experiment, all of them were tested according to the repeated design. In the 2nd experiment, 24 of them were equally devided into 8 groups and tested according the 8 x 8 rotation design. Distance Perception Jump Test(DPJT) was used to measure the kinesthetic ability of the subjects. The preliminary tasks for the 1st experiment were 10 trials of DPJT without weight and 10 trials of DPJT with 20% of each subject's body weight (2 treatments). and those for the 2nd experiment were 1, 4, 7 and 10 trials of DPJT with 10% of body weight and the same trials of DPJT with 20% of body weight(8treatments). During the tasks the eyes were used. In due form every subject was tested just after each of the tasks. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference between 10 trials of DPJT without weight and 10 trials of DPJT with 20% of body weight, and none of them did not affect the DPJT scores of the subjects. 2. There was also no significant difference among all the treatments which were made up of weights and trials. 3. When the post-test scores (after whole tasks in the 2nd experiment) were compared with the initial test scores (before tasks), errors of distance perception were significantly decreased.

人蔘多糖類의 理化學的 特性에 關한 硏究 : 人蔘貯藏加工中 澱粉의 理化學的 特性變化 Change of physicochemical properties of the starch during storage and heat treatment

曺哉銑,吳成基,曺羊嬉,金海中,黃明浩 경희대학교 부설 식량자원개발연구소 1985 硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

In order to investigate the change of physicochemical properties of ginseng root starch during storage and heat treatment. the roots were stored for 15 days at 5℃, 15℃, 30℃ and 45℃, and heated for 15 hours at 60℃, 70℃, 80℃, 90℃, respectively. The starch content was decreased from about 40% to 23-26% and sucrose content was increased from 4% to 12-16% during storage for 15 days at 5-45℃. Maltose, which was not detected in fresh samples, was increased upto 8.5% during storage or heat treatment. Granular size of the starch was decreased and some of the granules were broken during storage. Amylose content in the starch was decreased from 33% to 20%, and blue value and alkali number of the starch were increased slightly, and solubility and swelling power of the starch were decreased during storage. The higher storage temperature and the longer storage time, the starch was more susceptible to gelatinize, and the viscosity of the starch was lowered with the susceptibility of gelatinization. The susceptibility of degradation of the starch by the amylase was increased and amylolytic activities in ginseng root were, also, increased during storage.