Three Steps of the Postcolonial Resistance in Seamus Heaney's Poetry

Hong, Sung-sook 淸州大學敎 學術硏究所 2005 人文科學論集 Vol.31 No.-

세계화는 문화의 다양성을 수용하기보다는 파괴할 가능성이 있어 과거 식민의 경험이 있는 나라들은 세계화의 확산을 자기 정체성 상실로 여길 수 있다. 심지어 세계화는 지배국에게도 그것에 대한 저항의 한 양상으로 테러리즘같은 또 다른 도전을 경험하게 했다. 세계화 이후의 현상에 대한 사무엘 헌팅턴의 '문명 충돌' 이론이 새롭게 조명됨도 위와 같은 맥락에서 이해될 수 있다. 우리 한반도역시 미국과 중국의 힘이 충돌할 수 있는 기축으로의 가능성이 고조되고 있으며 미국주도의 세계화에 대한 도전의 장으로 점차 그 윤곽을 나타내고 있다. 이 논문은 아일랜드와 우리 대한민국은 과거 식민 역사와 그로인한 분단국으로서 여러가지 유사한 경험과 통일에 대한 소망을 공유하고 있어서 아일랜드를 비교 연구함은 우리의 문제 해결에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라는 가정 하에 쓰여 졌다. 그리고 이 논문의 목적은 셰무스 히니의 시를 읽어 탈 식민 저항의 가장 이상적인 모델을 찾으려는데 있다. 그 하나의 근거로서 셰무스 히니 시는 지역 작가의 저항에서 시작해 자유를 억압하는 큰 힘에 도전하면서 시적 자유를 추구하고 있기 때문이다. 한편 셰무스 히니 시를 다시 읽은 결과 그의 초기시 에서는 지역적 정체성을 추구하고 정의 내리려는 강한 의지를 통한 지역작가로의 저항정신을 찾아낼 수 있었다. 그러나 다음 단계에 이르면 그의 시들은 지배문화 확산의 결과인 혼종화를 수용하려는 태도를 보임으로써 전유의 단계를 거쳐 간다 그리고 1987년 이후의 작품세계에서는 실용성과는 다른 시적 자유의 추구를 통한 새로운 휴머니즘 및 지역문화의 창조라는 단계로 변해갔음을 확인하게 되었다. 한편 그의 저항은 프란츠파농식의 과격성과 정치성을 배제하고 보다 온건하고 문화적 저항의 특색을 지니고 있음도 알 수 있었다.

Hong JeongHa's Tianyuanshu and Zhengcheng Kaifangfa

홍성사,홍영희,김영욱,Hong, Sung Sa,Hong, Young Hee,Kim, Young Wook The Korean Society for History of Mathematics 2014 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.27 No.3

Tianyuanshu and Zengcheng Kaifangfa introduced in the Song-Yuan dynasties and their contribution to the theory of equations are one of the most important achievements in the history of Chinese mathematics. Furthermore, they became the most fundamental subject in the history of East Asian mathematics as well. The operations, or the mathematical structure of polynomials have been overlooked by traditional mathematics books. Investigation of GuIlJib (九一集) of Joseon mathematician Hong JeongHa reveals that Hong's approach to polynomials is highly structural. For the expansion of $\prod_{k=11}^{n}(x+a_k)$, Hong invented a new method which we name Hong JeongHa's synthetic expansion. Using this, he reveals that the processes in Zhengcheng Kaifangfa is not synthetic division but synthetic expansion.

초등학교 체육평가에 관한 실태 연구

홍창진,임상용 濟州大學敎 體育科學硏究所 1999 체육과학연구 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual state of evaluation of physical education inthe elementary school. The subjects of this study were 69 male and 115 female elementary schoolteachers. The data collected form the questionaire designed by the investigator were analyzed by using SPSS/PC+ and level of significance 0.05 was used. The results were as follows: 1. Analysis of evalustion on sex 1) There was a significant difference of the frequency of paper test, the ratio of paper and skill testand use of evaluation results. 2) There was no significant difference of the ratio of domains and the evaluation method. 3) There was no significant difference of frequency of diagnostic , formative and summative evalution. 2. Analysis of evaluation on educational career 1) There was a significant difference of skill test and application of evaluation results. 2) There was no significant difference of the ration of paper and skill test. the ratio of three domains and the evaluation method. 3) The was no significant difference of frequency of diagnostic , formative and summative evaluation. 3. Analysis of evaluation on academin career 1) There was a significant difference of skill test. the ratio of paper and skill test and the ratio of psychomotor and cognitive domain. 2) There was no significant difference of the evaluation method. 3) There was no significant difference of the application of evaluation 4. Analysis of evaluation on grade 1) There was a significant difference of the content of evaluation and the evaluation method. 2) There was a significant difference of the application of evaluation results. 3) There was no significant difference of frequency of diagnostic , formative and summative evaluation. 5. Analysis of opinion on evaluation 1) There was a significant difference of the ration of paper and skill test. 2) There was a significant difference of the ration of paper and skill test. the ratio of cognitive and affective domain and the frequency of diagnostic and formative evaluation. 3) There was a significant difference of the frequency of paper and skill test, the ratio of cognitive domain and the frequency of diagnostic and formative evaluation. 4) There was a significant difference of skill test and the formative evaluation.

親環境農業을 위한 有機農業의 作付體系 確立에 관한 硏究

홍성찬,강희경,윤영상 공주대학교 자원과학연구소 2000 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

This study was carried out to produce safe agricultural product and to improve the soil environment of crop cultivation using the reasonable cropping system in organic farming to the case study of organic farmhouse in Chungnam Hongdong area for sustainable agriculture. In the ratio of farming forms in these organic farmhouses, paddy field-upland field-greenhouse form, paddy field-upland field form, crop-livestock form and only greenhouse form were 23.8%, 23.8%, 23.8% and 19.0% respectively. In the greenhouse area of organic farmhouse, the 50% of total greenhouse number were 600~1,000 pyung(200~330a) and the 40% of total were 1,000~1,500 pyung(330~500a). In the area of upland field, the 80% of total upland field number were 500~1,000 pyung(167~330a). In the cropping systems of surveyed farmhouses, the number of crop-combination patterns were twenty-seven and the 96.3% of those was combined with vegetable. Vegetable-vegetable pattern, cereal crops-vegetable pattern and root and tuber crop-vegetable pattern were 44.4%, 18.5% and 14.8% respectively. Leguminous crop combined pattern was 7.4%, but patterns combined with barley or wheat did not exist. Among the vegetable combined patterns, leaf vegetables combined pattern, fruit vegetables combined pattern and root vegetables combined pattern were 66.7%, 31.0% and 22.2% respectively. Among the vegetable-vegetable patterns, the portion of fruit vegetables-leaf vegetables pattern was the highest and that of root and tuber vegetables-root and tuber vegetables pattern was the lowest. Among the twenty-seven crop-combination patterns, unreasonable crop rotation pattern was 50% over and especially the almost crop-combination pattern of greenhouse was unreasonable to crop rotation pattern. The farmhouse that control the amount of compost application by means of periodical soil analysis did not exist in this area.

剛-塑性 大變形 有限要素法을 利用한 압연硏究

洪性仁 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1987 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The non - steady state plane strain rolling problem was solved by the rigid - plastic finite element method based on large strain formulation of plastic deformation. The velocity field in the deforming material and the external forces along the arc of contact were abtained. From these quantities, roll torque and roll pressure distributions as well as stress and strain fields, were calculated. A series of cases with different thickness reductions and friction were analyzed.

도시 일차보건사업의 평가에 관한 실험적 연구

洪性換,廉容泰 고려대학교 의과대학 1991 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.28 No.3

Recently. the urbanization rate of Korea reached up to 75% with the governmental effort of industrialization policy Accordingly, many of the poor in rural area moved into urban areas to make new slum in cities. It was inebitable for the slums to be medical1y underserved even the national insurance system would cover the whole country The insuranre capability did not include national health aspects such as disease prevention early detection of diseases. accessibillty of health care. and of others which remained as headache of the Government especially for the above urban slums. In light of above reasons. the Korea University performed a pilot health care service in Guro 6-dong in terms of urban primary health care services for 4 years from 1983 to 1986 with the grant from German Government. In this study. the authors evaluated the input and outcome of the project appling modern theories for evaluation. The results were as follows: 1. Evaluating the target area of the project. administrative1y it was composed of a total of 157 bans with 19 tongs. and a total of 14.164 inhabitants were living in 1.285 houses Comparatively. there were more of less educated and young adults of labourers who migrated from other cities or rural areas. 2 Input activities of public health nurse categorized into developmen of voluntary health resources. activation of existing health resourcrs.basic health services. health information collection. planning were calculated and evaluated. About 16% of working time for 4 years were spent for the abouve activities. For information collection and basic health services. the greatest amount of time were allocated. 3. In case of ancillary, there was no specific difference except the proportion of working time(17.7%) for 5 activities. 4. Analysing the enrollment of infant in wellbaby clinic of Guro Health Center in years of 1984 and 1986, increased performance rate attributable to service activity of target area was 44.7% and rate ratio of performance was 1.4. 5. Analysing the utilization frequency of family planning section of the Health Center in same way as above, increased performance rate attributable to service activity of target area was 17.4%, but rate ratio was incomparable becanse of negative increasement value of control area. 6. With the comparison results of the surveys on the antenatal care of pregnant women in 1982 and 1986 at target and control areas, it was revealed that increased performance(recognition of necessity) rate attributable to service activity of target area was 3.4% and rate ratio was 1.4 7. With the results of the above surveys, it was also revealed that increased performance rate of antenatal care attributable to service activity was 7.0% and rate ratio was 1.1. In short, the Korea University Urban P.H.C. services performed in Guro 6-dong from 1983 to 1986 was appraised to be positively valuable according to modern evaluation research methodologies. However, it can not be said that the project was performed efficiently and successfully because there was no comparative evaluation examples of the same methodology for similar urban PHC services at all in Korea.

풍화작용에 의한 정상모발의 형태학적 변화

홍완성,장병수,임도선,박상옥,여성문 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2000 Applied microscopy Vol.30 No.1

성인 남성의 모발에서 정상 모간과 자연상태에서 손상된 모간의 외부형태와 미세구조적 변화를 광학현미경과 주사 및 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 정상 모간은 모소피층, 모피질, 모수질 등의 3부분으로 구성되어 있었다. 모소피층은 5-7개의 모소피세포들이 중첩되어 모피질과 모수질을 둘러싸고 있고, 길게 신장되어 모피질을 둘러싸고 있는 소피세포의 두께는 약 0.4㎛로 확인되었다. 또한, 이들 세포사이에는 약 25㎛의 세포사이 막복합체가 관찰되었다. 모피질은 잘 발달되어 각질화세포(cornified cell)들로 치밀하게 채워져 있었고, 각질화세포는 직경 약 0.5-0.8㎛인 구형 또는 타원형외 macrofibril로 구성되어 있었으며, 이들은 약 8nm 두께의 가는 microfibri이 동심원상의 규칙적인 형태로 배열되어 있었다. 그리고 macrofibril 사이에는 약 0.5㎛크기의 직경을 가진 구형의 melanin과립들이 고르게 산재되어 관찰되었다. 모수질은 공기가 채워져 있었고, 직경이 약 16㎛의 구형의 형태로 모간의 전체 직경에 1/5 정도를 차지하고 있었다. 풍화에 의해 손상된 모간은 모소피층이 박리되어 있었으며, 모피질세포의 세포질도 손상되어 melanin과립들이 표면에 노출되어 있는 것이 확인되었다. 조직표본상에서 모소피층의 박리과정은 모소피 사이에 공포가 형성되고, 이어서 모소피의 가장자리가 떨어져 나가고, 박리되지 않은 부위는 절단되었다. 모소피가 탈락되어 모피질이 노출된 부위에서는 각질화세포내에 존재하는 macrofibri이 각각 분리되고, 인접원 macrofibril 사이에 공기가 채워지게 되어 오간의 풍화과정은 더욱 촉진되었다. 그리고 노출된 macrofibril 사이에서 탈락 직전의 melanin 과립들이 산재되어 관찰되었다. The morphological changes in normal and weathering hair shafts of the human scalp were investigated by using the transmission and scanning electron microscopes. The hair shaft composed of cuticular layer, cortex and medulla. The surface of normal hairs are smooth and covered by imbricated cuticular scales. The cuticular layer consists of five to seven cuticle cells. These cells, which are flat and thin, measuring about 100 ㎛ long and 0.4 ㎛ thick, appears intercellular membrane complex in diameter 25 nm. The cortex composed of melanin granules and cornified cells, which multicomponent concentric microfibrils in diameter about 8 nm give rise to macrofibrils in diameter 0.5 ㎛ to 0.8 ㎛ encased in limiting membrane. The melanin granules are spherical shaped about 0.5 ㎛ in size and scattered between macrofibrils. The medulla in the normal hairs are 16 ㎛ in diameter centrally region of cortex. Normal hair shafts undergo progressive degenerative changes due to a variety of environmental insults. In the initial weathering process of hair, the cuticular scales became irregularly raised and broken, and then cuticle cells formed cytoplasmic vacuolation, following dissociated intercellular membrane complex, ultimately entirely lost and nuded cortex. Occasionally, transverse fissures were seen at hair shafts indicating that the hairs were deteriorated Complete removal of the cuticular layer in the heavily damaged cortex portions appeared splitting of the cortical cell into its macrofibrils and scattering of melanin granules.

衛生埋立地 粘土遮水膜에서 重金屬 分布 特性에 關한 硏究

홍상표 서울保健大學 1995 論文集 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyse the concentration of heavy metals in leachate, effluent, stream and soil at Kimpo Metropolitan Landfill Site. The results are epitomized as follows; 1. Concentrations of heavy metals in leachate were, As 0.710ppm, Ni 0.377ppm, Cd 0.024ppm, Cr 0.937ppm, Cu 0.033, Pb 1.435 ppm and Zn 0.718ppm. 2. Concentrations of heavy metals in effluent were, As 0.530ppm, Ni 0.368pprn, Cd 0.0l8ppm, Cr 0.852ppm, Cu 0.039ppm, Pb 1.064ppm and Zn 0.838ppm. 3. Concentration ranges of heavy metals in the adjacent stream were, As 0.076~0.093ppm, Ni 0.0l8~0.059ppm, Cd N.D., Cr 0.038~0.096ppm, Cu N.D.~0.042, Pb 0.020~0.092ppm and Zn 0.093-0.230ppm. 4. Concentration ranges of heavy metals in soil were, As 1.329~1.609pprn, Ni 0.321~0.463 ppm, Cd 0.021~0.046ppm, Cr 0.503~0.954ppm, Cu 0.311~1.182ppm, Pb 1.729~2.945ppm and Zn 0.979~4.304ppm. 5. Concentrations of all analysed heavy metals except Cu and Zn in leachate were attenuated after passing through the leachate treatment facility. 6. Concentrations of all analysed heavy metals in soil decrease with soil depth.

팔운동 근전신호와 동특성의 상관관계 해석

洪性宇 건국대학교 1992 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.35 No.-

In rapid goal-directed elbow movements (flexion, extension), reciprocal relation between triphasic pattern of myoelectric signals(EMGs) and dynamic characteristics were studied. Surface EMGs were recorded from the biceps and triceps muscles, the individual EMGs were full-wave rectified. And all movements were performed at amplitudes of 30, 60, 80 degree. An increase of the movement amplitude were found to be interacting factors of the triphasic and movement time. Both the amplitude and the duration of the first agonist burst increase, the amplitude of the antagonist burst however decrease at the larger movement amplitude. Although the velocity of the movement clearly increases with amplitude, the movement time at an amplitude of 80 degree is longer than 30 degree.

《苦戀》의 자리

洪尙勳 한국중국어문학회 2000 中國文學 Vol.33 No.-

大多中國現代文學史家把白樺. 彭寧兩人所共著《苦戀》, 근鄭義《楓》. 金河《重逢》. 王亞平《神聖的使命》. 張弦《쟁不斷的紅絲線》等一些作品一起, 籠統地歸入于代表所謂 '傷痕文學' 的作品. 其實, 這種分類흔容易怒略這篇作品的又重要又複雜的幾個問題. 首先, 考慮《苦戀》問世時點就是1979年9月(于北京的)《十月》第3期), 那應, 我們應當把詹聯緊于 '反思文學' . 第二, 在形式面, 《苦戀》흔緊密地影響于 '電影文學' - 現代中國獨特的一種藝術樣式. 可是, '傷痕文學'這個分類只是根據于作品的情節, 或者于內容上一些特點, 却忽略這篇作品的全體藝術成就 - 票少타開創了半文學半電影的一個特珠的樣式. 我們不能把《苦戀》作品水平本身擁戴而上在時代冠群的位置. 雖然如此, 타在 '新時期' 中國文學從 '傷痕文學' 到 '反思文學' 的過渡期, 不但預示了-種先進的. 可能被包括在 '人間學' 的文學前兆, 而且타可能作爲先驅地反映了西方現代主義的-種最顯明的例子. 西方現代主義在改革. 開放的潮流中乘機流入到中國以後, 深刻地刺激了文學. 藝術創作摸索根本變化. 其實, 我們可以說, 《苦戀》也在一方面爲了現代中國所謂 '第5世代' 電影發揮美學的映像提供了一個充實的基盤, 영一方面開創了80年代中葉以後興盛的那種意識流小說的前途. 可是, 80年代初葉中國的社會. 政治. 思想界還處于向現代化的萌芽階驗, 所以, 相對的激進《苦戀》不可避免被抑麗了.