Expression of Prostaglandin E2 Receptors in Acquired Middle Ear Cholesteatoma

Sujie Wang,Li Xie,Yanfei Zhang,Pengfei Xu,Aiguo Liu 대한이비인후과학회 2018 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.11 No.1

Objectives. To investigate the expression of prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes, E-prostanoid (EP) 1–4 receptors, in acquired cholesteatoma and its possible role in the pathologic process of this disorder. Methods. Specimens of human acquired cholesteatoma were obtained from 29 patients and 19 skin biopsies of normal external auditory canal were as controls. The mRNA and protein expression of EP receptors was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results. In acquired cholesteatoma, EP1–EP4 receptors were mainly expressed on squamous epithelium and subepithelial infiltrated inflammatory cells. In external auditory canal skin, EP1–EP4 receptors were mainly expressed on squamous epithelium and glandular epithelium. The expression of EP4 receptor on mRNA and protein levels were significant lower in acquired cholesteatoma compared with controls. EP1–EP3 receptors had no significant difference between the experimental and control group. Conclusion. Low expression of EP4 may play a crucial role in the pathologic process of inflammation reaction and bone destruction in acquired cholesteatoma, but not EP1, EP2, or EP3 receptors.

대학생의 장애인 수용태도에 영향을 미치는 요인

송수지 ( Sujie Song ),김정민 ( Jung Min Kim ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2008 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 대학생의 장애인에 대한 태도에 영향을 주는 주요 요인들을 개인적 특성과 환경적 요인으로 나누어 통합적으로 살펴봄으로써 향후 장애인을 위한 교육적 중재 프로그램을 개발하고 실행하기 위한 기초 자료를 제공해 주는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 서울특별시, 충청도, 강원도에 위치한 대학교 각 1곳씩 총 3개 대학교에 재학 중인 대학생 335명을 대상으로 장애인 수용태도를 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 t검증, 중다회귀를 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 개인적 특성인 성별, 종교에 따른 대학생의 장애인에 대한 수용태도에는 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 환경적 특성인 장애관련 지식 및 경험에 의한 차이를 살펴본 결과, 특수교과목 이수 여부, 대학에서의 통합교육 경험, 장애인 친.인척 여부, 장애관련 봉사활동 경험 등에 따른 장애인 수용태도의 차이가 발견되었다. 셋째, 장애인 수용태도 관련 변인의 상대적 영향력을 살펴 본 결과, 장애인 친.인척 여부, 대학에서의 통합교육 경험, 장애인 관련 봉사활동 경험, 특수교육 관련 교과목 이수 여부의 순이었다. The purpose of this study is to discover university students`` acceptive attitude toward the disabled and to analyze the factors which affect this attitude. The factors are divided into the environmental ones and innate ones. And final aim is to provide basic data for educational intervention which contain understanding disabilities and supporting. The results are as follows; First, the gender and religion which is individual innate characteristics did not have a statistically significant effect on the acceptive attitude toward the disabled of the university students. Second, the special education course, experiences of integrated education at the university, the disabled relative, circle activities about disability had a significant effect on the acceptive attitude toward the disabled of the university students. Third, of the environmental factors, following is the sequential order that influences the students; 1. weather or not students have the disabled relative, 2. weather they have experiences of integrated education at the university, 3. weather they have circle activities about disability, 4. weather they have special education course.

사별대처의 이중과정모델에 기초한 배우자 사별노인의 심리적 안녕감 연구

장수지(Chang, Sujie) 한국노년학회 2015 한국노년학 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 Stroebe와 Schut(1999)의 사별대처의 이중과정모델에 기초하여 배우자 사별노인의 인구사회학적 특성 및 심리사회적 특성이 이중대처를 거쳐 심리적 안녕감에 이르는 경로를 분석하는 것이다. 선행연구 고찰을 통해 도출된 인구사회학적 요인(성별, 사회경제적 수준, 학력, 사별기간)와 심리사회적 요인(사회적 지지, 사별 전 결혼만족도)이 애착대상 상실에 대한 상실중심대처와 사별의 이차적 스트레스에 대한 회복중심대처에 각기 다른 영향을 미쳐 심리적 안녕감에 이르는 가설모형을 구축하였다. 이를 위해 배우자와 사별한 60대 이상의 노인 308명을 대상으로 사별적응에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 우선, 가설모형에 대한 경로분석 결과, 가설모형의 경로 일부가 유의미하지 않았고, 전체 모형의 적합도도 높지 않았다. 따라서 모형을 수정하여 재분석한 결과, 모형적합도가 충분한 수준으로 높아졌으므로 이를 최종모형으로 채택하였다. 최종모형은 ‘사회경제적 수준, 사별 전 결혼만족도→상실중심대처→심리적 안녕감’의 경로와 ‘성별, 학력, 사회경제적 수준, 사회적 지지→회복중심대처→심리적 안녕감’의 경로로 구성되었다. 다음으로, 배우자 사별에 대한 이중과정대처는 인구사회학적 요인과 심리적 안녕감 간의 관계에서 완전매개효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, 심리사회적 요인과 심리적 안녕감 간의 관계에서는 부분매개효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 매개효과에 대한 통계적 유의성 검증을 위해 Sobel 검증을 실시한 결과, 모든 매개효과가 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 사별적응의 제 영향변수가 사별대처의 이중과정에 서로 다른 영향을 미쳐 현재의 적응 상태로 이어짐을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 학문적으로는 향후 사별연구에서 사별적응과정에서 사별에 대한 일차적 및 이차적 스트레스에 대한 대처를 구분하여 논의할 필요가 있으며, 실천적으로는 두 가지 스트레스에 대해 서로 다른 개입을 시도하는 것이 바람직하다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of the current study was to examine pathways from socio-demographic and psycho-social factors, through the dual process of bereavement coping to psychological well-being of widowed older adults, based on the dual-process model of coping with bereavement(Stroebe & Schut, 1999). The hypothetical model described that the socio-demographic and psycho-social factors derived from the previous study had a different effect on "loss-orientation" as coping of loss and "restoration-orientation" as coping of secondary stress, and the dual processes were related into psychological well-being. A survey of 308 widows and widowers(60+) was conducted. The results as follows. First, the path analysis of the hypothetical model showed that some paths were not statistically significant, and the fit of model was also not high. Therefore, the result reanalyzed by modified model indicated the fit of model was high enough to have adopted it as the final model. The pathways of the final model as follows; (1)socioeconomic status(SES), marital satisfaction→ loss-orientation→psychological well-being, (2)gender, SES, education, social support→restoration orientation→psychological well-being. Next, dual process coping had full mediation on the relationship between sociodemographic factors and psychological well-being, and partial mediation on the relationship between psychosocial factors and psychological well-being. And Sobel's test supported the significant mediation effects. These results suggests that the predictors of bereavement adaptation have different effect on the dual coping processes that lead to th current adaptation. Therefore, primary and secondary stress on spousal loss should be separatively discussed in bereavement adaptation process, and the differentiated practical intervention for two types of stress would be desirable.

다문화 접촉경험에 따른 다문화수용성 : 연령집단 별 분석

장수지(Chang Sujie) 연세대학교 사회복지연구소 2021 한국사회복지조사연구 Vol.70 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 접촉이론(Allport, 1954)에 근거하여 다문화에 관한 직접적, 간접적 접촉경험이 다문화 수용성에 미치는 영향을 연령집단 별로 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 한국여성정책연구원이 실시한 2018년도 국민 다문화 수용성 조사 자료를 활용하여 만 19~74세의 성인 남녀 4,000명을 연구 대상으로 검증하였다. 기술통계, 상관분석, ANOVA, χ² 검증, 다중회귀분석을 실시한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연령집단에 따라 다문화 수용성, 긍정 및 부정 미디어접촉, 다문화교육 경험, 외국인 지인 여부에 차이가 발견되었다. 둘째, 청년층의 경우, 대부분의 직간접적 접촉경험이 다문화 수용성을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 긍정 미디어접촉은 모든 연령집단에서 다문화 수용성에 긍정적 효과가 있었으나, 중년층 및 노년층의 경우 다문화 수용성에 대한 부정 미디어접촉의 부정적 효과가 제시되었다. 넷째, 다문화교육 경험은 청년층과 중년층에서는 다문화수용성 제고를 위한 효과적인 전략일 수 있으나, 노년층에서는 유의미한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 연령집단 별로 직간접적 다문화 접촉경험이 다문화 수용성에 미치는 효과가다름을 확인하였고 연령집단 별로 차별화된 전략이 필요함을 강조하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of direct and indirect multicultural contact experiences on multicultural acceptance by age group based on contact theory(Allport, 1954). In this study, 2018 National Multicultural Acceptance Survey data was used, and 4,000 adult males and females between the ages of 19 and 74 were verified as the study subjects. The main research results of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, χ² -square analysis, and multiple regression analysis are as follows. First, according to age group, differences were found in multicultural acceptance, positive and negative media contact, multicultural education, and foreign acquaintance. Second, in the case of young generation, it was found that most of the direct and indirect contact experiences increase multicultural acceptance. Third, positive media contact had a positive effect on multicultural acceptance in all age groups, but negative effects of negative media contact on multicultural acceptance were suggested for middle-aged and elderly people. Fourth, multicultural education may be an effective strategy for enhancing multicultural acceptance among the young and middle-aged, but it did not show a significant effect in the elderly. Through the results of this study, it was confirmed that the effects of direct and indirect multicultural contact experiences on multicultural acceptance differ by age group, and the need for a differentiated strategy for each age group was emphasized.

노인의 사회경제적 지위에 의한 건강불평등:

장수지(Chang, Sujie),김수영(Kim, Soo Young) 한국노년학회 2016 한국노년학 Vol.36 No.3

노년기 건강문제는 의료적 관점에서뿐만 아니라, 사회경제적 지위와 같은 사회적 조건과의 상호작용 속에서 해법을 찾을 필요가 있다. 이러한 인식 하에, 본 연구에서는 사회경제적 지위가 노인의 건강불평등에 이르는 메커니즘을 파악하고자 하였다. 구체적으로는 사회경제적 지위(소득 및 교육)와 신체적 건강의 세 차원(의료적 건강/기능적 건강/주관적 건강) 간의 사이에서의 중간기제로서 건강행동, 의료시설 접근성, 사회참여, 사회적관계망의 매개효과를 규명하는 것이다. 연구모형의 검증을 위해 2014년에 실시된 전국노인실태조사 데이터를 2차 분석하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 65세 이상 남녀 노인 10,451명으로, 매개모형 검증을 위해 Baron & Kenny(1986)가 제안하는 절차에 따라 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시하였고 매개효과의 유의성 검증을 위해 Sobel test를 실시하였다. 분석결과, 노인의 소득수준과 교육수준의 건강에 대한 효과가 동일하지는 않았고 건 강의 하위차원에 따라서도 다소 다른 결과가 도출되기는 했지만, 전반적인 결과의 방향은 노인의 사회경제적지위는 건강격차를 야기하고 있었으며, 그 메커니즘은 건강행동, 의료시설 접근성, 사회참여, 사회적 관계망을 매개한다는 것이다. 특히 본 연구에서 교육은 소득보다도 건강에 대한 보다 강력한 효과를 나타내었다는 점, 사회참여와 같은 사회통합요인의 효과가 부각되었다는 점, 거주지역을 통제한 이후에도 잔존한 의료시설 접근성의 유의미한 매개효과 등은 본 연구의 결과 중에서도 주목할 만하다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 사회경제적조건으로 인한 건강불평등의 메커니즘을 규명하고 이를 완화시킬 수 있는 대안을 모색할 수 있었다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의가 있다. Solutions for elderly health issues need to be found that take into account not only a medical perspective, but also interactions with social conditions such as socioeconomic status. With this in mind, this study aims to understand how socioeconomic status leads to health inequalities for the elderly. Specifically, this study investigates the mediating effects of socioeconomic status(income and education levels), health activities as an intermediary of the three dimensions of physical health(medical health, functional health, subjective health), accessibility of medical facilities, social participation, and social network. To test the research model, a secondary data analysis was conducted on the 2014 National Survey of Senior Citizens. The participants of the study were 10,451 elderly men and women aged 65 and above. To test the mediated model, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted following the procedures suggested by Baron and Kenny(1986). In addition, a Sobel test was conducted to test the mediated model’s significance. According to the analysis, the effects of income and educational levels on the health of the elderly were not the same. Additionally, different results were found depending on health dimensions. However, the overall direction of the results showed that the socioeconomic status of the elderly creates health disparities, and health behaviors, accessibility of medical facilities, social participation, and social network had significant mediation effects between socioeconomic status and physical health. Study findings especially worth noting are as follows: education was shown to have a stronger effect on health than income; effects of social integration factors such as social participation were highlighted; and significant mediating effects on the accessibility of medical facilities remained even after taking residential area into account. Results of this study shed light on health inequality mechanisms due to socioeconomic conditions and the need to find alternatives to alleviate these problems.

영재아의 자아존중감에 관한 연구

송수지(Song, Sujie) 한국영재학회 2000 영재교육연구 Vol.10 No.2

This study analyzes the factors influencing self-esteem of the gifted children. The factors are divided into the environmental ones and innate ones. The purposes of this study is presented as follows. 1) To analyze the environmental factors influencing self-esteem of the gifted children ① whether the education period affects self-esteem of the gifted children? ② what influences do the manners of parental child-rearing behavior make? ③ what influences do peer relationships make on self-esteem of the gifted children? 2) To analyze the innate factors influencing self-esteem of the gifted children ① does the gender make a difference to self-esteem of the gifted children? ② does the level of intelligence make a difference to self-esteem of the gifted children? ③ what influences does the locus of control make on the self-esteem of the gifted children? To solve these questions 120 gifted children were selected, who were taking a special education program at C Korea Academy of Gifted Education located at Yangjae-dong Seocho-gu. They were 1st to 3rd grades at elementary school. We used Hare Self-Esteem Scale developed by Bruce R. Hare in 1985, the Index of Peer Relations developed by Hudson in 1986, and Nowicki & Strickland Locus of Control Scale developed by Nowicki and Strickland in 1973. At the other hand the nursing behaviors of 120 mothers of the gifted, were also investigated, based on the Korean Maternal Behavior Inventory, developed by Sungyeon Park in 1989 with some modifications. For statistical analysis we adopted SPSS, a computer software, and calaulated the coefficient of internal appropriateness and the frequencies and percentages of general aspects of the cases. We analysed the factors influencing the self-esteem of the gifted children by way of Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis and Duncan for ex-post-facto approval. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) Influences of the environmental factors on the self-esteem of the gifted children: ① The duration of education period had a significant effect on the self-esteem; the longer the duration were, the higher self-esteem they possessed. ② Of parental child-rearing behaviors, active involvement had positive influence on the self-esteem; on the contrary, authoritarian control and overprotection had negative influences on the self-esteem. ③ An acceptable peer relationship had a positive influence on the self-esteem of the gifted children. 2) Influences of individual innate characteristics on the self-esteem of the gifted children: ① The gender made no difference on the self-esteem of the gifted. ② The intelligence did not have a statistically significant effect on the self-esteem of the gifted. ③ When the locus of control was external, the self-esteem of the gifted tended to be low.

지리적 접근성과 도시노인의 정신건강

장수지(Chang, Sujie) 한국주거학회 2017 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.28 No.5

The building of an age-friendly community is an important issue in our aged society. The objective of this study was to examine the association between a geological accessibility and mental health (depression), and a mediation effect of social participation among urban dwelling older adults. A data of the 2014 Korean National Elderly Survey was used for the analysis. A sample of this study was 8,008 urban dwelling older adults (65+). The level of geological accessibility, social participation, and depression were measured. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, and sobel test. The results were as follows; (1) Significant differences of the level of geological accessibility according to demographic characteristics such as gender, age groups, economic status, educational level, and cohabitation, were identified. (2) The link between geological accessibility in community and depression was mediated by social participation. Specifically, the mediation effects of social participation were identified only in accessibility to shopping centers, senior welfare centers, and public transportation, in verification by accessibility area. Findings generally supported expectations and demonstrate the importance of age-friendly physical environment, specifically geological accessibility as a facilitator of active aging in community-dwelling elderly.

영재가 지각한 학교환경이 영재의 미성취에 미치는 영향

송수지(Song Sujie) 한국열린교육학회 2007 열린교육연구 Vol.15 No.2

  본 연구에서는 17개 초등학교에서 미성취 영재 113명과 성취영재 128명을 선발하여 영재의 미성취에 영향을 미치는 학교변인을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 성취 영재와 미성취 영재의 학교에 대한 태도검사를 실시하였는바, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미성취 영재와 성취 영재 간에는 학교에 대한 태도 전반에 걸쳐 차이가 나타났다. 미성취 영재는 성취 영재보다 학업, 교사, 교우에 대해 부정적인 태도를 가지고 있었다. 둘째, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타난 학교요인을 변수로 하여 판별분석을 실시한 결과 학업, 교사, 교우에 대한 태도 중 학업에 대한 태도가 영재의 미성취에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 요인임이 밝혀졌다.   The purpose of this study is to understand school factors of gifted underachievers at primary school levels.<BR>  A total of 241 children were included in this study. They were fourth to sixth grades from 17 primary schools. 113 gifted underachievers were selected who showed 9 stanine or more on the intelligence test and 2 stanine or more of difference between intelligence quotient and standard academic achievement test. As the control group 128 gifted achievers were selected who showed 9 stanine or more in intelligence quotient as well as in standard academic achievement test.<BR>  This study selected 113 gifted underachievers and 128 gifted achievers from 17 elementary schools to examine school variables that have effect on gifted children"s underachievement. In a bid to determine gifted achievers" and gifted underachievers" attitude toward school, their attitude toward schoolwork (learning, teachers, and peers) was examined.<BR>  For statistical analysis a commercially available software (SPSS version 12.0) was used. To test reliability of measurement tools factor analysis was performed and internal fitness was calculated. Frequency and percentage was attained to measure characteristics of cases. ANOVA and discriminant analysis were performed to analyze characteristics of gifted underachievers.<BR>  As a result, first, there was a difference in their overall attitude toward learning between gifted underachievers and gifted achievers. Gifted underachievers held a negative attitude toward learning, teachers and peers, compared with gifted achievers. Second, discrimination analysis was conducted using school variables with a statistically significant difference, indicating that of their attitude toward learning, teachers and peers, their attitude toward learning had the greatest effect on the underachievement of gifted children.

지역사회 거주 노인의 통합돌봄욕구 유형과 우울에 대한 융합적 연구

장수지,Chang, Sujie 중소기업융합학회 2021 융합정보논문지 Vol.11 No.9

The purpose of this study was to typology the integrated care needs of communitydwelling elderly, explore the socio-demographic characteristics of each type, and determine their effects on depression. The secondary data analyses using the 2017 National Survey of the elderly were conducted. The research results are as follows: First, as a result of typology patterns of care needs of the elderly based on the number of chronic diseases, ADL/IADL, dwelling satisfaction, social activities, and social support networks, three clusters were derived; 'low care needs group (LCN), 'high social needs group (HSN)' and 'complex care needs group (CCN)'. Second, compared to HSN, CCN was characterized by older, women, low educational level and urban residence. Third, the level of depression in LCN was lower than that of the HSN, and the depression level of CCN was higher. The practical and policy implications of the results were discussed. 본 연구는 지역사회 거주 노인들의 통합돌봄욕구를 유형화하여 각 유형이 우울에 미치는 영향을 검증하고, 동시에 각 유형의 인구사회학적 특징을 파악하기 위해 실시되었다. 2017년 노인실태조사 자료로 65세 이상 노인 10,300명을 대상으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 만성질환 수, ADL/IADL, 거주환경 만족도, 사회활동/사회적 지지망으로 노인들의 돌봄욕구 수준을 유형화한 결과, '전반적 돌봄욕구 저집단', '사회적욕구 고집단', '복합 돌봄욕구집단'의 세 개 군집이 도출되었다. 둘째, '사회적욕구 고집단'에 비해 '복합돌봄욕구집단'은 고연령, 여성, 낮은 교육수준, 도시 거주라는 특성이, '전반적 돌봄욕구 저집단'은 저연령, 여성, 높은 교육수준, 가족동거라는 특성이 제시되었다. 셋째, '전반적 돌봄욕구 저집단'의 우울 수준은 '사회적욕구 고집단'에 비해 더 낮았고, '복합돌봄 욕구집단'의 우울 수준은 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 분석 결과에 따른 실천적, 정책적 함의를 논하였다.

고령친화 공동체 구축을 위한 지표 개발

김수영(Kim, Soo Young),장수지(Chang, Sujie),오찬옥(Oh, Chan-ohk),최성희(Choi, Sung-Hee) 한국노년학회 2014 한국노년학 Vol.34 No.3

최근 우리나라에서는 고령자들이 노년기에 ‘어디서’, ‘누구와’, ‘어떻게’ 사는 것이 바람직한가에 대한 대안을 모색하려는 연구에 관심이 모아지고 있다. 가장 합리적인 대안은 고령자들이 거주하던 지역에서 지속적으로 사는 것(aging in place)이다. 이를 위해 WHO에서는 고령친화도시의 가이드라인을 발표했고, 일부 외국도시들은 여기에 해당 지역의 특성을 감안한 지표를 추가하였다. 우리나라 선행연구에서도 WHO의 가이드라인 항목을 재구조화하여 특정 지역의 고령친화 정도를 파악하였다. 우리나라의 빠른 고령화에 대응하여 지역사회의 고령친화도를 높이기 위해서는 타당성이 확보된 지표가 개발되고 여러 지역에 적용해야 한다. 그러나 국내 선행연구에는 대부분 고령친화 지표개발을 위한 이론적 고찰과 지표개발 절차가 충분하지 않아 확대 적용하기에 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이런 제한점을 고려하여 우리 사회에 적용가능한 고령친화 지표를 개발하고자 하였다. 먼저 이론적 논의로서, 고령자들의 세대간 연령통합을 위해 모든 세대가 더불어 사는 지역사회는 ‘공동체성’을 가져야 함을 제시했고, 노년학 이론에 근거한 지표영역을 도출하여 지표개발의 출발점이 되는 예비지표로 삼았다. 다음으로 노인 전문가 30명을 대상으로 델파이 조사를 실시하여 최종 지표를 선정하였다. 연구결과 4개 상위영역, 9개 하위영역, 총 29개 지표가 개발되었다. 마지막으로 AHP 분석을 통해 지표의 우선순위를 결정하였다. 후속연구로는 노인을 포함한 공동체 구성원들을 대상으로 측정가능한 수준의 지표개발을 제안했고, 지표개발 과정에는 한국사회의 특성과 지역간 다양성이 반영되어야 함을 강조하였다. There has been a growing concern for constructing an ideal community for people in late adulthood. One possible alternative is Aging-in-place(AIP), which has been a central issue in the recent gerontology area. WHO had established a guideline for AIP. In addition, several foreign cities created indicators that reflect their regional characteristics. The previous studies also restructured the WHO guidelines to evaluate elder-friendliness of a community. However, these studies have limitations in theoretical background and adequate processes of developing indicators, and therefore it is difficult to generalize the output. In order to respond to aging society and to improve elder-friendliness of a community, elder-friendliness indicators with sufficient validity need to be developed. In this regard, this paper aims to develop indicators to evaluate elder-friendliness of our society. The major findings are as follows. First, as a theoretical consideration, we suggest that communities with all ages should have 'community spirit' for age integration. Also, four categories of the elder-friendly community are derived, which is the basis of indicators. Second, thirty gerontologists contributed to develop an indicator of elder-friendliness of a region by using Delphi method. As a result, the indicator consisted of four major-categories, nine sub-categories, and 29 specific indicators. Finally, we established the priorities of the indicators by developing weight through Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). We suggest that future research should focus on creating more measurable indicators that can apply to members of community including the elderly. It is also important to note that unique characteristics of Korean society and regional diversity should be reflected in that process.