비전시스템을 이용한 인간형 축구로봇에 관한 연구

노수희;김한정;김용태 한경대학교 2007 論文集 Vol.39 No.-

In this paper a humanoid soccer robot using vision system is presented. Soccer robot has 23 degrees of freedom and consists of various sensors such as IR and CCD camera, a remote controller and bluetooth module for the wireless telecommunication. We propose a soccer algorithm of humanoid robot in the various environments. The soccer algorithm is designed based on image processing and path planning. We verify our approach on a developed small humanoid robot in an experimental environment. The experimental result shows that the humanoid soccer robot plays soccer with a stable walking.

유산소 운동이 비만 남자 중학생의 신체구성 및 혈중 지질에 미치는 효과

노경섭,오수일 강원대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.23

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of aerobic training on the changes of body composition and lipiprotein in obese middle school boys. Thirty-five obese middle school boys were ramdomly assigned into two training groups and control group: (1) 60%Hrmax (n=13), (2)80%Hrmax(n=12), (3) control group (n=10), respectively. The participants in the training group trained 40-minute per day for three times per week for twelve weeks. The results were as follows: 1.After twelve-week 1.6km aerobic, there was a significant change in body composition. a.After twelve-week 1.6km aerobic training, there was a significant difference in boby composition between the training groups (E-60%HRmax, E-80% HRmax) and control group. b.After twelve-week 1.6km arobic training, there was no significant difference in body composition between the 60%Hrmax and 80%Hrmax. 2.After twelve-week 1.6km arobic training, there was a significant chage of lipiprotein TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C in the training groups(60%HRmax, 80%HRmax). a.After twelve-week 1.6km aerobic training, there was a significant difference in lipiprotein TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-D between the training groups (60%HRmax, 80%HRmax) and control group. b.After twelve-week 1.6km aerobic training, there was no significant difference in lipiprotein TC, HDL-C, LDL-D, TG, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C between the 60%HRmax and 80%HRmax. It is generally believed that, he obese middle school boys were not able to adapt to exercise, because of their avoidance from exercise. However, the results of the present study showed that the continuous participation in aerobic exercise resulted in the positive changes in body composition and lipiprotein. It is suggested that the aerobic training have a possible values as programs for obesity prevention and remediation and may decrease the risks of chronic health problems

製造物責任訴訟에 있어 政府契約相對者 抗辯의 比較法的 考察

노수철 홍익대학교 2009 홍익법학 Vol.10 No.2

제조물책임법 입법 이래 정부계약상대자는 더 많은 손해배상책임에 직면하게 되었다. 미국법체계에서는 손해배상 책임 중 정부의 계약 명세에 따른 제조 시 수반되는 엄격책임에 대하여 연방불법행위법상 재량기능의 예외를 근거로 하여 정부계약상대자 항변이라는 특유의 면책 제도를 인정하고 있다. 이러한 면책 항변으로 인하여 한국과 미국에서는 고염제 소송에서 정반대의 결과를 빚기도 하였다. 미국에서와는 달리 우리 고등법원은 정부계약상대자 항변이 우리 법체계 내에서는 인정될 수 없다고 판시한 바 있다. 이러한 대조적인 결과는 매우 예외적인 현상이겠으나, 동 판결을 계기로 저자는 정부계약상대자 항변이 우리들에게 제기하고 있는 문제점에 대하여 진지한 고민이 필요한 것으로 보았다. 이에 본 논문에서는 이러한 필요성에 근거하여 제조물책임법 이론 전반에 걸친 발전 경과를 소개한 후, 정부계약상대자 항변이 우리 법체계 내에서 수용이 가능한가 여부에 대하여 살펴보았다. 결론적으로 동 항변은 미국 법체계 내에서 독특한 연혁적인 배경 하에 발전되었고, 여러 가지 입법적 미비 사항이 존재하기 때문에 현재로서 정부계약상대자 항변을 그대로 수용할 수는 없겠으나, 그 존재의 필요성은 충분히 인정되므로 정부계약상대자 면책에 따라 발생하는 문제점을 최소화하는 보완책과 더불어 정부계약상대자 항변제도를 도입한다면, 보다 합리적이고 공평한 그리고 궁극적으로는 국가의 조달 목적에 이바지하는 제도적 발전이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. Since Korea adopted Product Liability Act, government contractors are exposed to broader liability. This liability is exempted in the United States for the reason of government interest. The reason for exemption has been found on the exception of Federal Tort Claims Act which is discretionary function. This exemption led to very opposite results in Agent Orange cases. While the Unites States courts exempted government contractors from product liability, Korean court has decided that government contractors cannot use government contractor's defense where the cases are adjudicated in Korea. Although this stark distinction is originated from very unusual situation, this distinction clearly demonstrates the necessity to research the defense theory in Korean torts law. Thus, this article examines the development theory of product liability and its defenses. Particularly, it clarifies the structural meaning of government contractor's defense in Korean setting. It is author's opinion that Korea needs to very carefully adopt government contractor's defense not because the theory itself is inappropriate but because the relevant legal setting is quite different, emphasizing that there might be some loophole for victims of strict liability. In conclusion, this article argues that Korea needs to adopt government contractor's defense in its Product Liability Act with some additional measurements to protect victims of government function.

복합레진 색상의 측정 기기에 따른 차이

박수정,노은영,조현구,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.3

본 연구에서는 동일한 수광 방식을 사용하는 2종의 이동형과 고정형 spectrophotometer인 MiniScan XE plus (Model 4000S, Hunter Lab, USA)와 CM-3500d (Minolta, Japan), 그리고 다른 수광 방식을 사용하는 miniature VIS reflection spectrometer인 Specbos 2100(JETI Technische Instrumente GmbH, Germany)를 이용하여 직경 15 mm, 두께 4 mm의 디스크로 제작한 광중합 복합레진의 색상을 측정하였다. Spcebos 2100은 분광 특성을 측정하는 기기이지만 주문에 의해 제조사에서 측색이 가능한 형태로 제공하였다. 3종의 측색 기기를 사용한 측색 결과를 분석한 결과, 동일한 수광 방식, 광원 및 관찰자 각도를 적용한 2종의 기기 간에도 동일 색상에서 2.4-7.8까지의 색차(ΔE^(*))를 보였으나, L^(*),a^(*), b^(*) 값은 기기 간에 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 서로 다른 수광 방식을 사용하는 기기 간에는 약 20정도의 큰 색차(ΔE^(*))를 보이며, 측정된 각 값 간에도 낮은 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 반투명의 치과용 수복 재료나 치아의 측색 시 측색 기기간에도 색차가 나타날 수 있음을 시사하며, 이는 기기에 대해 측정된 색상을 절대적인 색상으로 적용하기 보다는 상대적인 측정치로 이용하는 것이 바람직하리라 사료된다. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of color measuring instrument by measuring the color of dental composite resins. Nine shade light cured composite resin disks were prepared (diameter : 15 mm, thickness : 4 mm). CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) color scale of each disk was measured with 3 different types of spectrophotometer 〔MiniScan XE plus (Model 4000S, Hunter Lab, USA), CM-3500d (Minolta, Japan) and Specbos 2100 Miniature VIS Reflection spectrometer (Serial No: 319416, JETI Technishe VIS Instrumentic GmbH, Germany)〕. Miniscan XE Plus and CM-3500d using identical measuiing geometry with different size of viewing aperture. But Specbos 2100 using different measuring geometry. Within the limitation of this study, there were color difference (ΔE^*) from 2.4 to 7.8 between Miniscan XE Plus and CM-3500d, but L^(*), a^(*), b^(*) values showed the high correlation. However, there were great color difference(ΔE^*) in the extent of about 20 between instruments with the different measuring geometry. Therefore, color scale measured by color measuhng instrument should be used as a relative value rather than an absolute value in the field of dentistry.

초등학교 과학 수업에서 팀 게임 토너먼트(TGT) 협동학습의 효과

고한중,양수경,한재영,노태희 한국초등과학교육학회 2003 초등과학교육 Vol.22 No.3

The purpose of this study was to develop a way of using Teams Games Tournaments that fits in elementary school science instruction, and to find out its effects on student's learning. Three classes (103 sixth graders) were divided into three groups; a traditional learning group, a cooperative learning group, and a teams games tournaments cooperative learning group. Students were taught about 'several kinds of gas' for nine class periods. The instructional effects upon student's achievement, science learning motivation and self-esteem toward science instruction were examined. The result of this study indicated that there was a significant interaction effect between the treatment and achievement level in the achievement test scores. The achievement test scores of the low level students were significantly higher in the teams games tournaments cooperative learning group than those in the traditional learning groups.

MX₄-형 유무기 혼성화물의 구성 성분인 TTF-아민 유도체에 대한 연구

강선영,이수경,노동윤 서울여자대학교 2010 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.22 No.-

TTF derivatives containing alkylamine moieties, which are to be used in the design of MX_(4)-type organic-inorganic hybrid, are plotted to be synthesized via a protection of amine moiety with the tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group. Boc-BMTTTF and (Boc)_(2)-BMTTTF were characterized by FT-IR and (1)^H-NMR. The cyclic voltammetry of Boc-BMTTTF indicated the presence of TTF moiety in this compound and showed the same two one-electron redox cycles (E1/2^(1) = 0.590 V and E1/2^(2) = 0.866 V) as those of TTF (E_(1/21)^1 = 0.426 V, E_(1/2)^2= 0.795 V). The Boc derivatives of TTF can be used directly for the preparation of MX_(4)-type organic-inorganic hybrid after the one-step deprotection of Boc group using TsOH.

LED를 이용한 복합레진의 광조사시, 중합수축의 속도와 양, 미세경도에 관한 연구

박성호,김수선,조용식,이순영,김도현,장용주,문현승,서정원,노병덕 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.4

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the light emitting diode(LED) units for composite curing. To compare its effectiveness with conventional quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) light curing unit, the microhardness of 2mm composite, Z250, which had been light cured by the LEDs (Ultralume LED2, FreeLight, Developing product D1) or QTH (XL 3000) were compared on the upper and lower surface. One way ANOVA with Tukey and Paired t-test was used at 95% levels of confidence. In addition, the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage was compared between composites which were light cured by QTH or LEDs using a custom-made linimeter in 10s and 60s of light curing, and the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage was compared by one way ANOVA with Tukey. The amount of polymerization shrinkage at 10s was XL3000 > Ultralume 2, 40, 60 > FreeLight, D1 (P<0.05) The amount of polymerization shrinkage at 60s was XL3000 > Ultralume 2, 60 > Ultralume 2, 40 > FreeLight, D1 (P<0.05) The microhardness on the upper and lower surface was as follows; <본문 참조> It was concluded that the LEDs produced lower polymerization shrinkage in 10s and 60s compared with QTH unit. In addition, the microhardness of samples which had been cured with LEDs was lower on the lower surfaces than the upper surfaces whereas there was no difference in QTH cured samples.

1960년대부터 2003년까지 학위논문의 내용분석을 통해 본 트레이닝 연구의 동향

천길영,천수정,노현식,이정수 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

For this paper, the content of 1960 to 2003 of training research 260 Korean dissertation was analyzed. Variables evaluated includes topic researched, kinds of training, functional effects, publication years, kinds of degrees, research method, research subject, sex and intervening variables. The findings are these. First, a number of dissertation papers are published since 1980. Second, many Experiment research, subject for general men compared to athletes and the topic about basic physical strength and fitness are used. Third, research on Weight training and building a physical strength go on increasing

광중합형 구치부 수복재료의 중합수축량과 중합수축력

박성호,이순영,조용식,김수선,이창재,김영주,이봉희,이광성,노병덕 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.4

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress and amount of linear shrinkage of composites and compomers for posterior restoration. For this purpose, linear polymerization shrinkage and polymerization stress were measured. For linear polymerization shrinkage and polymerization stress measurement, custom made Linometer (R&B, Daejon, Korea) and Stress measuring machine was used (R&B, Daejon, Korea). Compositers and compomers were evaluated; Dyract AP (Dentsply Detrey, Gumbh, German) Z100 (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, USA) Pyramid (Bisco, Schaumburg, USA) Synergy Compact (Coltene, Altstatten, Switzerland), Heliomolar (Vivadent/Ivoclar, Liechtenstein), and Compoglass (Vivadent Ivoclar/Liechtenstein) were used. 15 measurements were made for each material. Linear polymerization shrinkage or polymerization stress for each material was compared with one way ANOVA with Tukey at 95% levels of confidence. For linear shrinkage ; Heliomolar, Surefil<Synergy Compact, Z100<Dyract AP<Pyramid, Compoglass F (p<0.05) For Shrinkage stress ; Heliomolar < Z100, Pyramid<Synergy Compact, Compoglass F<Dyract AP<Heliomolar HB, Surefil (p<0.05)

鹽生植物 나문재의 生育特性과 利用可能性

이봉호,문윤호,정병춘,김관수,류수노 한국국제농업개발학회 2002 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

기능성식품 원료, 채소, 식물성 소금 재료 및 제염식물 등으로 개발이 유망시되는 염생식물인 나문재의 육지부 재배 가능성을 조사하고, 내륙지방에서의 작물화 가능성을 검토코자 전남 서해안의 염전 부근에 자생하는 나문재의 종자와 식물체를 공시하여 내륙지방인 전남 무안군 소재의 『목포시험장』포장에서 시험하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 나문재는 식물체를 이식하여도 생육이 양호할 뿐만 아니라 2년 묵은 종 자에서도 발아가 잘되었으며 발아소요 기간은 9일 정도 였고, 나문재의 생육은 소금기가 부족한 내륙에서도 비교적 양호하였으며, 병충해나 기타 재해도 거의 없어 내륙에서의 재배화 가능성이 높은 것으로 인정되었다. 나. 나문재의 생육에 미치는 소금물의 공급 효과를 검토하기 위해 1주일 간격으로 바닷물 농도의 소금물을 공급한 결과, 초장은 소금물을 공급한 것이 공급하지 않은 것 보다 양호하였으나 줄기의 굵기와 분지발생 수 는 소금물 공급효과가 크지 않았다. 다. 나문재의 생체중과 건물중은 종자파종의 경우 7월 10일 현재 소금물 처리구는 각각 주당 33.75g, 2.62g인데 비해 무처리구는 각각 23.52g, 1.84g으로서 소금물 처리구가 무겁고, 생체중에 대한 건물중의 비율은 대체로 7.14∼11.58% 범위로서 수분함량은 92.86∼88.42%정도 되는 다육식물 이었다. 라. 결론적으로 나문재는 소금기가 많은 곳에서 잘 생육할 뿐만 아니라 소금 기가 적은 곳에서도 생육이 비교적 양호하며, 식물전체에 짠맛을 가지고 있으므로 식물성 소금, 기능성 식품, 채소, 그리고 간척지나 음식물쓰레기의 염분제거 식물로서의 이용 가능성 등에 대한 보다 면밀한 검토가 필요하다고 보여진다. The plant of halophyte, Suaeda asparagoides MIQ, which is mainly inhabit on tidal flat was investigated on their growth characteristics and cultural traits on inland condition, in order to get some informations on it's possible use for functional food, vegetables, medicinal herb, and salt removing plant from tideland, or food-waste. The plant, Suaeda asparagoides M_IQ., is well grown on inland condition. But the salt applicated plants were better than those of the non-treated plants in its vegetable growth. The plant height is about 78.5cm in salt application, compared to the 64.5cm in non-treated plot. But the stem diameter and the number of branches are not better in salt application compared to the non-treated ones. However, the fresh weight and dry weight of the plant in salt-application are better than those of the non-treated ones, which means the total biomass is more productive by the salt application. As a conclusion, the plant Suaeda asparagoides M_IQ, seems to be an available plant and need to more discussion for possible use mentioned in the above sectors, from the results of inland cultivation of which well grown and characteristics.