정경세(鄭經世)·이준(李埈)의 소재관(穌齋觀) -정경세(鄭經世)의 비판적 흡수론과 이준(李埈)의 계승적 변호론을 중심으로 -

김학수 ( Kim Hak-su ) 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2019 嶺南學 Vol.0 No.71

조선의 통치 이념은 朱子學이었고, 그 주자학은 사상적 획일성 또는 純血性에 집착하는 과정에서 ‘權力’이 되었다. 이 배타적 권력의 이념적 통제의 감각 장치는 불교·도교 등 여타 敎學 체계는 물론 유학 내부로까지 깊숙하게 침투하여 작동하였다. 그 선봉에 그들에 의해 ‘동방의 주자’로 예칭되었던 이황이 嚴峻하게 자리하고 있었다. 노수신의 학문은 刻苦의 산물이었지만 그 내용은 질실했고, 그 쓰임은 輔君·經世를 목표로 했다. 그러나 그의 학문은 16세기 중엽 조선 학계의 宗主 李滉으로부터 배척을 받았고, 그 배척은 하나의 烙印이 되어 이황 의 후학들에게 대물림되었다. 이 글은 같은 퇴계연원이었지만 盧守愼에 대한 인식은 사뭇 달랐던 정경세와 이준의 시선을 ‘비판적 흡수론’과 ‘계승적 변호론’으로 분절하여 검토한 것이다. 이성형제로까지 일컬어졌던 두 사람은 노수신에 관한 사안에서만큼은 왜 더없이 긴장했던 것일까? 그것은 주자학 또는 퇴계학의 純血性을 강조했던 권위론과 작은 허물보다는 큰 성과에 착목해야함을 역설했던 절충론의 충돌에서 기인했고, 17세기 초반 영남학계는 후자를 결코 용인하지 않았다. 절충론 내지 변호론의 좌절은 이황의 권위에 대한 숙임의 과정이었고, 그 종착점은 퇴계학의 권력화였다. The governing ideology of Joseon was Neo-Confucianism, and it became "power" in the process of obsessing over ideological uniformity or pure blood. This sense of the ideological control of exclusive power penetrated deeply into other systems of education and scholarship, such as Buddhism and Taoism, as well as into the Neo-Confucianism. At the vanguard, Yi Hwang, who was given the title of honor as ‘Zhu Xi in the East’, stayed solemnly. No Su-sin’s studies were a product of a great deal of effort but the contents were simple and sincere, and the use of his studies were aimed at aiding the king and the statecraft. However, his studies were ostracized by Yi Hwang, the scholarly forefather of the late 16th century Joseon. and this exclusion was branded passed on to Yi Hwang’s younger scholars. The article is based on two different viewpoints of Jeong Gyeong-se and Yi Jun, both who have their origin in Toegye studies―critical absorption theory of Jeong Gyeong-se and successional defense theory of Yi Jun. Why were the two men, who were even referred to as brothers, so nervous about the issue of No Su-sin? It was due to the clash of authority that emphasized the purity of Neo-Confucianism or Toegye studies and the compromise which stressed the need for great achievement rather than small ruin and the Yeongnam School of the early 17th century never tolerated the latter. The breakdown of theory of compromise or defense was the process of submission to Yi Hwang’s authority, and its end point was the thriving of Toegye studies.

미생물 성장 특성에 기초한 독립영양탈질의 화학양론식 연구

이수원,김규동,최영균,김동한,정태학 대한상하수도학회 2004 상하수도학회지 Vol.18 No.2

It is necessary to supply external carbon source for enhancement of biological nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater with low influent C/N ratio. Sulfide was chosen as a cost effective electron donor and reaction stoichiometry for autotrophic denitrification was investigated by conducting bench-scale experiments in this study. Higher sulfur to nitrogen (S/N) ratio than the calculated value from theoretical reaction stoichiometry was required when the anoxic reactor was operated at open condition because dissolved oxygen introduced by surface aeration reacted with sulfide with ease. In addition, higher sulfate production and lower yield of microorganism could be observed under the same condition. It was possible to obtain reliable reaction stoichiometry for autotrophic denitrification by establishing pure anoxic condition. Linear relationship between bacterial growth and consumption of nitrate, sulfide, alkalinity, and sulfate production enabled to derive a relatively correct reaction stoichiometry for autotrophic denitrification when sulfide was used as an electron donor.

공침법에 의해 제조된 압전 세라믹(PZT)의 유전 및 압전특성

박정학,이수호,사공 건 東亞大學校 大學院 1995 大學院論文集 Vol.20 No.-

In this paper, the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of piezocermics(PZT) made by coprecipitation method and metal oxide method were investigated. At and over pH 8 coprecipitates were obtained. The particle size of PZT powders obtained by coprecipitation method was about 0.1(μm). It's shape was spherical and fine grain. The sintering temperature was lowered about 150(℃) than that of conventional metal oxide mettled since fine grained particle was obtained. By preparing piezoceramics PZT by the coprecipitation method, the dielectric and piezoelectric properties were improved in comparision with that of conventional metal oxide method. In particular, the best results obtained by both methods were shown at Zr/Ti composition ratio 52/48.

문항반응이론을 이용한 심동영역 검사의 동등화

오수학 서울대학교 체육연구소 2000 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.21 No.1

Scores from different tests that measure a same trait can not be used interchangeably since the tests are not equally difficult. Equating is considered as one of the methods that make interchangeability of test scores possible. The purpose of this study was to equate two psychomotor tests using item response theory (IRT). The propose of this study was to equate two psychomotor tests using IRT. Participants in this study were 197 college students (91 males and 106 females) enrolled in fitness classes. The Poisson counts model was used to estimate item parameters for the revised push-up test and the Baumgartner modified pull-up test. Overall, The model has fitted data well. The IRT equating yielded stable results. There is a need to continue investigating IRT models that can be applied to psychomotor data. and to conduct equating studies using different types of psychomotor tests.

운동부하후 뇨중 17-OHCS의 분비량과 뇨성분 변화에 관한 연구

吳學洙 건국대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.27 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the secretory does of 17- OHCS in urine and change of urine elements during pre - exercise, post - exercise and recovery periods. The subjects of this study consisted of 9 YUDO player in N high school and The results were as follows : 1.Secretory dose of 17- OHCS in urine increased post - exercise in comparison with pre - exercise and decreased slightly in recovery periods, but it is not same as pre - exercise. 2.Specific gravity in post - exercise and recovery periods increased gradually. 3.Ph. of urine in post - exercise and recovery periods in comparison with pre - exercise decreased gradully. 4.Protain increased in post - exercise and incerased more in recovery periods.

慶南地域 中小企業 體質改善에 關한 硏究

金學壽,金容萬,尹泰烈,許南秀,元裕東 慶南大學校 産業經營硏究所 1988 産業經營 Vol.11 No.-

담배식물의 생장에 따른 Holocellulose와 Lignin 함량의 변화

이학수,이경훈,오지훈 충북대학교 연초연구소 2009 煙草硏究 Vol.22 No.-

본 연구는 담배식물의 바이오에타놀 생산원료서의 가능성을 타진하기 위하여 온실에서 pot재배를 통하여 이식 후 25일부터 80일까지 5일 간격으로 잎과 줄기의 holocellulose와 lignin함량 변화를 조사해 보았다. 생육이 진행됨에 따라 건물 g당 holocellulose와 lignin의 함량도 증가하여 성숙 및노화기로 갈수록 높았다. 건물 g당 holocellulose함량은 잎보다 줄기가 높았고, 줄기의 lignin함량은 최대생장기에 급격히 증가했다. 담배 1주당 총 함량은 이식 후 70일에 최대였는데, holocellulose함량은 건물중의 60%이었고 lignin을 합할 경우에는 67%가 되었다. Changes in holocellulose and lignin contents of tobacco p1ants(var. NC 82) were determined from 25 days after transplanting in a pot to senescence stage at 5 days interval in green house. The amount of holocellulose and lignin per g of dry matters were increased from growing to senescence stage. The hollocellulose content of dry stalk was higher than of leaf, and lignin content of stalk was increased rapidly during the maximal growing stage of tobacco plant. The total amounts of holocellulose and lignin per a tobacco plant were reached maximum at the around 70 days after transplanting. At that time, the ratio of holocellulose only and holocellulose with lignin to dry matter was about 60% and 67%, respectively.

건축구조물 붕괴사고의 사고원인 및 프로젝트 진행 단계별 문제점 분석에 관한 연구

김학길,이인영,김용수 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

The objective of this study is to analyze the causes of building collapse accidents and the problems of each phase of project process in domestic construction projects. The research method involves statistical data analysis and case studies of accidents. Based on the case studies, causes and problems involved in each project phase have been suggested.

문화적 리듬 또는 독일 문학과 음악, 법의식의 상호관계

변학수 독일어문학회 2002 독일어문학 Vol.19 No.-

문화로서의 글쓰기 : 한국과 독일의 글쓰기 문화의 비교해석 Eine vergleichende Interpretation der deutschen und koreanischen Schreibkultur

변학수 한국뷔히너학회 2003 뷔히너와 현대문학 Vol.20 No.-

Diese Studie versucht die Andersartigkeit des Schreibens in deutschen und koreanischen literarischen Texten auf die Kultur zuru¨ckzufu¨hren. Daru¨berhinaus wird diskutiert, ob ein normbildender Kulturakt hinter diesem pha¨nomenologischen Schreibakt steht. Der Charakter des deutschen Schreibstils zeigt deutlich die Innerlichkeit, die in den Augen eines koreanischen Lesers - teilweise auch bei Deutschen selbst - wie ein literarisch gekleideter Zeitungsartikel oder das Bekenntnis eines Gla¨ubigen. dieser Charakter stammt meiner Ansicht nach aus der deutschen Tradition des literarischen Protesantismus bzw. der Innerlichkeit, die sich auf die Sprache der 2. Ha¨lfte des 18. Jahrhunderts. zuru¨ckfu¨hren la¨sst, in der die Anfa¨nge des deutschen Geistes" liegen. Innen" oder Innerlichkeit" bezeichnet die Kra¨fte, Erlebnisse und Bewegungen der Seele oder, wie das 18. Jahrhundert sagte, des Gemu¨tes, des Herzens, des Gefu¨hls, die in der AuBenwelt nicht direkt sichtbar und greifbar sind. Solche Aufrichtigkeit des sogenannten deutschen Schreibstils ist typisch in der deutschen Literatur: Eduard Mo¨rike, Heinrich von kleist, Goethe, Thomas Bernhard, Elfriede Jelinek, Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz, Georg Bu¨chner etc. So kann man schlicht sagen, dass die deutsche Literatur eine positive und innere Einheit bildet, und diese Einheit durch das Verha¨ltnis zur christlichen Religion erzeugt wird, vor allem zu deren mystischen, protestantischen und pietistischen Richtungen. Keine andere geistige Haltung hat das deutsche Schreiben so nachhaltig betimmt wie die Religiosita¨t - also nicht das rhetorische Stilideal und Sinnenfreuden, wie das Schreiben in anderen europa¨ischen La¨ndern. Im Gegensatz dazu beschreibt das koreanische Schreiben eine andere Seite. Es beschreibt mit rhetorischen Mitteln die zu harmonisierende AuBenwelt der konguzianistischen Sittenwelt. Das Schreiben verpflichtet sich in der rhetorischen Gestalt zu einer sittlichen Aufgabe. Da ein Gedanke durch die Rhetorik eng ans Bild gebunden ist, ist es fu¨r den koreanischen Leser schwer, aus dem Wald der Rhetorik das Innen zu retten. Daher kann man im koreanischen Leser schwer, aus dem Wald der Rhetorik das lnnen zu retten. Daher kann man im koreanischen Schreiben selten eine Innenerfahrung erwarten, die bei deutschen Schriftstellem und Lesem die Nachahmung musikalischer Stimmungen, die Berufung auf unmittelbare innere Erfahrung, die Andeutung des Unsagbaren, die ironische Brechung der Bilder usw. ermo¨glicht. Aus dem Beschreiben der AuBenwelt entsteht die Rhetorik, aus der man die Unterhaltungsfa¨higkeit gewinnt. Aus dem gesagten ist zu schliessen, dass das Schreiben selbst Medium kultureller Selbstauslegung ist, deren Horizont die Alterita¨t der Kulturen bildet. Es ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die anthropologische Wende des Schreibens zu befo¨rdem. Im weiteren Sinne ist das Schreiben ein Akt der Kultur, solange diese eine eigene Praxis der Bedeutung produziert. In einem globalen Zeitalter ist es immer wichtig, den lokalen, oft widerspru¨chlichen Handlungs-, Ereignis- und Textzusammenha¨ngen nachzugehen, statt sich mit einfachen literarischen Zeichen zufrieden zu geben.