원예치료가 만성정신분열증 환자의 자아존중감 및 사회성 향상에 미치는 영향

손기철,엄수진,김수연,송종은,백기엽 충북대학교 첨단원예기술개발연구센터 2000 연구보고서 Vol.5 No.-

만성정신분열증 환자들은 장기간의 치료를 필요로 하고, 지금까지는 대부분의 환자들이 약물치료나 전통적인 정신치료에만 의존해왔다. 최근에는 정신분열증 환자치료에 있어서 여러 가지 사회 재활 프로그램이 도입되고 있는 실정이나 원예치료프로그램의 적용사례는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 원예치료가 만성정신분열증 환자의 자아존중감 및 사회성 향상에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위하여 음성 꽃동네 정신분열증 환자 남녀 대조군 20명, 치료군 남녀 25명을 선정하여 실험을 실시하였다. 대조군 20명에게는 원예치료를 실시하지 않았으나, 치료군 25명에게는 주 2회씩 2000년 4월 13일부터 9월 7일까지 원예치료를 실시하였다. 치료효과 검증을 위해 원예활동 평가표(evaluation of horticultural activity), 사회행동척도(social behavior scale), 자아존중감척도(self-esteem Scale), 인간관계측정지, 간이정신건강진단지(SCL-90-R) 등을 치료 전후로 시행하여 비교하였다. 자아존중감과 인간관계측정지에서는 대조군에서는 유의한 결과가 보이지 않은 반면, 치료군에서는 향상된 결과를 볼 수 있었다. 사회행동척도에서는 언어적인면보다 비언어적인면, 대화의 내용에서 치료군만 유의하게 향상된 결과를 보였다. 간이정신건강진단지 평가는 불안, 우울, 대인예민성 부분에서 역시 치료군만 유의하게 호전된 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 또한 신체화, 강박증, 적대감, 공포불안, 편집증 등이 호전된 것으로 보여졌으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 원예활동평가에서는 참여성과 자아개념 및 주체성에서 유의한 차이를 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 원예치료프로그램은 우울ㆍ폐쇄적인 대인관계를 보이는 정신분열증 환자들에게 심리ㆍ정서면과 사회성 향상에 효과적이라 판단된다. 또한 원예치료프로그램을 치료적인 목적뿐만 아니라 직업재활의 한 방면으로 이용가능 할 것이라 판단된다.

온라인 紛爭解決에 관한 硏究

박철수,류건우 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2003 국제학논총 Vol.8 No.-

One of the main challenges facing e-commerce is how to resolve cross-border disputes in the electronic business environment. The main forms of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) are arbitration, mediation and negotiation, processes that are effective in settling disputes out of court and in a manner that is less formal than litigation in court. When ADR takes place using computer-mediated communications in the online environment, it is often referred to as ODR (Online Dispute Resolution). The value of ODR extends beyond the number of disputes actually resolved. This paper looks at the history of ODR, its nature and use in different contexts, and what role it can perform in fostering the trusting relationships that are necessary for e-commerce to grow in developing countries. Also, focuses on the challenges involved in implementing ODR in developing countries. The history of ODR can be divided into three main time periods: pre-1995, 1995 to 1999 and post-1999. Although ODR is still in its infancy or non-existent in a majority of developing countries, it has the potential to grow and to provide fair and inexpensive adjudication of disputes arising out of online transactions. Developing countries wishing to promote and facilitate ODR as an alternative to national litigation can consider the following recommendations. ⅰ) Treat as a priority education and awareness raising among merchants and consumers regarding the impact and increasing importance of ADR/ODR in resolving commercial disputes. Educational programmes aimed at promoting awareness and knowledge of out-of-court dispute settlement mechanisms in developing countries could play a crucial role in the development of ODR. ⅱ) Give sufficient attention to cultural and linguistic differences in providing ODR services. ⅲ) Ensure that national legislation facilitates the use of out-of-court dispute settlement schemes. ⅳ) Consider acceding to the 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, which allows the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. ⅴ) Promote voluntary adherence by e-businesses to trustmark and reliability programmes.

에틸렌디아민을 이용하여 Solvothermal Synthesis로 Y₂O₃ : Eu^(3+) 나노 입자의 제조 Eu^(3+) Nanoparticles with the Solvothermal Synthesis using Ehtylenediamine

신수철,조태환 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.5

에틸렌디아민을 용매로 하여 용매열합성으로 200℃에서 1-5시간 반응시킨 후 1,000℃에서 1,400℃로 2-4시간 동안 대기중에서 열처리 과정으로 Eu가 도핑 된 Y₂O₃ 나노 입자를 제조하였다. 1,000℃에서 2시간 동안 열처리한 결정의 X선 회절패턴은 보고 된 데이터(JCPDS 카드파일 41-1105, a=10.60418 Å)와 거의 일치하는 격자상수 a=10.6029 Å인 순수한 큐빅상의 Y₂O₃을 나타내었다. 제조된 형광체의 평균입자 크기는 대략 100 nm로 구형의 형태를 가진다. 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라 형광체 입자의 크기가 감소하였으며, 또한 형광체의 발광 세기가 증가하였다. PL 스펙트럼 분석 결과, Eu의 농도가 3% 도핑 된 Y_(2-x)O₃:Eu^(3+)_(x) (x=0.06) 형광체는 250 nm파장에서 여기 스펙트럼을 나타내었고, 611 nm 파장에서 주발광 스펙트럼을 나타내었다. Eu doped Y₂O₃ nanoparticles were prepared with the solvothemal synthesis using ethylenediamine solvent at 200℃ for 1-5 h and then annealed in air at from 1,000℃ to 1,400 for 2 4 h. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the crystals annealed at 1,000℃ for 2 h could be indexed as pure cubic cell of Y₂O₃ with the lattice parameter a=10.6029 Å which is very close to the reported value (JCPDS Card File 41-1105, a=10.6041 Å). Average sizes of prepared phosphor particles had about 100 nm, size and spherical morphology. The phosphor panicle size decreased and the emission intensity increased as the annealing temperature increased. Through PL spectrum analysis, the 3% Eu doped Y_(2-x)O₃:Eu_(x)^(3+)(x=0.06) phosphor showed the excitation spectrum at 250 nm wavelength and the maximum emission spectrum appeared at 611nm wavelength.

PT 설계를 위한 속성화된 모듈화법을 따르는 요소분할법

유종철,한운동,이수길 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1995 産業科學論文集 Vol.3 No.-

In this study, the new method of element division based on modulifcation which has two kinds of sectors and attributed at each, linked whole area is suggested. Conventional division method has served appropriate to the shape of subdivision degree while the subdivision is needed to conversion step but modulificated element subdivision link method has the merits that it has not need to change attribute of sectors according to the shape and the whole analysis area could be included by simple combination of basic vectors.

편광과 위상 홀로그램을nmmmm 이용한 정보보호 시스템의 구현

김철수 경주대학교 2001 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

This thesis presents an interferometer-based optical information security system that can produce a stable decrypted image regardless of a change in the optical path length. Interference noise is a serious problem in an interferometer, because it can result in the vibration of the output image. In the proposed system, a polarizing beam splitter is substituted for the beam splitter in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. As a result, two lights on each path are perpendicularly polarized to each other in the interferometer. Since the incoherence of the two perpendicularly polarized lights removes any interference noise, the decrypted image is stable. Accordingly, the decrypted image of the proposed system can be used as the input for another optical system, regardless of any external change in the optical path length. To encrypt an image, the original image is divided into two intensity images. Encrypted phase images are then obtained from these two images in various ways, including randomly diffusing pixels, randomly removing pixels, or the use of SA algorithm. The use of phase holograms prevents the copying of encrypted images with intensity detectors. The proposed process of encryption and decryption was computer simulated and optically evaluated, and it was verified that the proposed system can produce a stable decrypted image.

한국농업의 총요소생산성 추계(1955∼96년)

황수철 韓國農業政策學會 1998 농업경영정책연구 Vol.25 No.2

3차원 전극(Bipolar Packed Bed Electrode)을 이용한 호소수 처리(II)

장철현,박상우,최창수 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.4

This study was to analyze the right or wrong of gray-water treatment by applying BPBE electrode cell to the effluence water in the terminal disposal plant of sewage. The results were as follows : The best result was obtained with applied voltage 40V and detention time 6 minutes for the BPBE electrode cell which has the graphite-plate in main electro-de, packing coconut activated carbon. The elimination rate of COD of Al-plate was higher than that of graphite-plate in main electrode. The result of electrolysis for 3 hour in parallel circuit showed the using possibility of gray-water according to each elimination rate : COD 59%, T-N 69 %, T-P 69%. The BPBE electrode cell with the Al-plate in main electrode made the best effect for the elimination of algae in lake water and algae were not occurred in electrolytic water.

국내 혈액질환 환자에서 침습성 아스페르길루스증의 구제치료로서 Voriconazole의 효과와 안전성

권재철,김시현,최수미,최재기,이동건,박선희,최정현,유진홍,신완식 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.1

Background: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies. We investigated the efficacy and safety of voriconazole (VCZ) when used as salvage therapy for IA in Korean adults with hematologic malignancies who had not responded to prior antifungal therapy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data, collected from January 2007 to October 2008, from patients with proven or probable cases of IA. All were probable IA cases, except for one proven case. All cases were refractory or intolerant to antifungal therapy prior to administration of VCZ. Efficacy and safety were assessed in patients treated with VCZ for more than 3 days and for more than one dose, respectively. A favorable response [complete (CR) or partial (PR)] was defined by significant improvement of all clinical symptoms, signs, and radiologic abnormalities. Results: Fifty patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. There were 27 male and 23 female patients with mean age of 44.4 years (range, 15-65 years). Underlying diseases were acute leukemia (35 cases), chronic myelogenous leukemia (4 cases), myelodysplastic syndrome (3 cases), lymphoma (3 cases) and other hematologic diseases (5 cases). Twenty-two patients had received chemotherapy and 13 patients had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The lung was the main infection site (94%) followed by the sinus (6%). Amphotericin B deoxycholate alone was the most frequent previous antifungal therapy. The mean duration of antifungal therapy prior to VCZ therapy was 13.9±8.8 days (2-44 days). The median duration of VCZ therapy was 19 days (interquartile range, 49 days). Sixteen patients (32.0%) showed favorable responses (CR:PR=8:8) at the end of VCZ therapy. The numbers of patients with stable disease, progression and death were, 6 (12%), 6 (12%) and 22 (44%) respectively. Most of those with unfavorable responses had relapsed underlying malignancies or refractory graft versus host diseases. Twelve patients developed drug-related adverse events but only one patient stopped VCZ treatment prematurely. Conclusions: VCZ demonstrated an acceptable level of toxicity in patients with hematologic malignancies but further studies are required to prove its efficacy as salvage therapy.

실시간 운영 체제

金哲秀,河蘭,金鎭午 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.2

Process management and synchronization, memory management, interprocess communication, and I/O are main functional areas that Operating Systems should support. Real-time Operating Systems provide these features in specific ways because they have different requirements from Non Real-time Operating Systems. In particular, real-time operating systems focus on predictability and include features to support time constraints. Three general categories of real-time operating systems are: small and proprietary kernels(which are commercially available as well as homegrown kernels), realtime extensions to commercial timesharing operating systems such as UNIX, and research kernels. In this paper we survey these three main categories of real-time operating systems.

韓國과 中國의 林産物 交易構造와 特徵

張哲洙 한국산림경제학회 2003 산림경제연구 Vol.11 No.1

중국은 WTO가입에 따라 시장개방과 함께 외국인 직접투자가 이루어질 수 있도록 사업 환경을 개선시켜 나아갈 것이다. 이것은 중국이 세계경제로 통합되어 간다는 것을 의미하며, 또한 우리나라를 포함한 세계 여러 국가들에게 있어서 기회와 도전을 의미하고 있다. 즉 중국으로부터 기타 여러 국가들에 대해 수출물량이 증가하게 되면 교역 상대국의 수입가격은 내려가게 될 것이고 경쟁력을 향상시키게 될 것이다. 다른 한편으로는 유사한 상품들을 생산하는 국가들은 제3 시장에서 중국산과의 경쟁이 심화될 것이다. 이 연구에서는 한국과 중국간의 임산물 교역구조와 특징을 분석하였다. With WTO accession, China will continue the process of opening its markets to other countries' exports and improving its business climate for foreign direct investment. This means China's deeper integration into the world economy and present both opportunities and challenges for other countries including Korea. Increased exports from China to other countries will lower the import prices of its trading partners and improve their competitiveness. On the other hand, countries that produce similar products will face increased competition with China in third markets. This study deals with structures and characteristics of forest product trades between China and Korea.