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Peng, Zhong,Jin, Dazhi,Kim, Hyeun Bum,Stratton, Charles W.,Wu, Bin,Tang, Yi-Wei,Sun, Xingmin American Society for Microbiology 2017 Journal of clinical microbiology Vol.55 No.7
<P>Oral antibiotics such as metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin are therapies of choice for Clostridium difficile infection. Several important mechanisms for C. difficile antibiotic resistance have been described, including the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes via the transfer of mobile genetic elements, selective pressure in vivo resulting in gene mutations, altered expression of redox-active proteins, iron metabolism, and DNA repair, as well as via biofilm formation. This update summarizes new information published since 2010 on phenotypic and genotypic resistance mechanisms in C. difficile and addresses susceptibility test methods and other strategies to counter antibiotic resistance of C. difficile.</P>
Perceived Physical and Mental Health and Healthy Eating Habits During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea
Tuakli-Wosornu Yetsa A,Pandiyan Uma,Stratton Catherine,Hwang Youngdeok,Abderrazak Hajjioui,Muñoz-Velasco Laura Paulina,Fourtassi Maryam,Cooper Rory,Balikuddembe Joseph K,Peterson Mark,Andrei Krassiouk 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.15
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted the lives of people around the world since 2020. This study aims to reveal perceived impact of the coronavirus pandemic on physical and mental health and eating behaviors among people with disabilities and without disabilities in South Korea, as compared to other countries. Methods: A secondary analysis of a prospective cross-sectional study which was conducted with a web-based global survey. Results: Among the 3,550 responses from 65 countries, 2,621 responses with nation information were set as full data, 189 for South Korea and 2,432 for other countries. In Korea, there was no significant difference in healthy lifestyle behaviors between people with and without disabilities before the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived physical and mental health and changes in eating habits during the COVID-19 pandemic showed no significant difference between people with and without disabilities in Korea. There were significant differences in physical health and dietary habits, but no differences in its effect on mental health between people living in Korea and other countries in both people with and without disabilities groups. In other words, more than 60% of people in all groups (disability vs. non-disability, Korea vs. non-Korea) reported worse mental health than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: In Korea and other countries, mental health showed a tendency to deteriorate regardless of the presence or absence of disability during the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of healthy eating habits, Koreans were relatively less affected than people from other countries.
Zeglinski-Spinney, Amy,Wai, Denise C.,Phan, Philippe,Tsai, Eve C.,Stratton, Alexandra,Kingwell, Stephen P.,Roffey, Darren M.,Wai, Eugene K. The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2018 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.51 No.5
Objectives: Chronic diseases, including back pain, result in significant patient morbidity and societal burden. Overall improvement in physical fitness is recommended for prevention and treatment. Walking is a convenient modality for achieving initial gains. Our objective was to determine whether neighbourhood walkability, acting as a surrogate measure of physical fitness, was associated with the presence of chronic disease. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of prospectively collected data from a prior randomized cohort study of 227 patients referred for tertiary assessment of chronic back pain in Ottawa, ON, Canada. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was calculated from patient-completed questionnaires and medical record review. Using patients' postal codes, neighbourhood walkability was determined using the Walk Score, which awards points based on the distance to the closest amenities, yielding a score from 0 to 100 (0-50: car-dependent; 50-100: walkable). Results: Based on the Walk Score, 134 patients lived in car-dependent neighborhoods and 93 lived in walkable neighborhoods. A multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted for age, gender, rural postal code, body mass index, smoking, median household income, percent employment, pain, and disability, demonstrated an adjusted odds ratio of 2.75 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 6.53) times higher prevalence for having a chronic disease for patients living in a car-dependent neighborhood. There was also a significant dose-related association (p=0.01; Mantel-Haenszel chi-square=6.4) between living in car-dependent neighbourhoods and more severe CCI scores. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that advocating for improved neighbourhood planning to permit greater walkability may help offset the burden of chronic disease.
Malay Haldar,Meghan Butler,Criziel D. Quinn,Charles W. Stratton,Yi-Wei Tang,Carey-Ann D. Burnham 대한진단검사의학회 2014 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.34 No.4
Direct plating of synovial fluid (SF) on agar-based media often fails to identify pathogens in septic arthritis (SA). We developed a PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Kingella kingae and Staphylococcus aureus from SF to evaluate molecular detection in SF and to estimate the incidence of K. kingae in SA in North America. The assay was based on de- tection of the cpn60 gene of K. kingae and the spa gene of S. aureus in multiplex real-time PCR. K. kingae was identified in 50% of patients between 0 and 5 yr of age (n=6) but not in any patients >18 yr old (n=105). Direct plating of SF on agar-based media failed to de- tect K. kingae in all samples. The PCR assay was inferior to the culture-based method for S. aureus , detecting only 50% of culture-positive cases. Our findings suggest that K. kingae is a common pathogen in pediatric SA in North America, in agreement with previous reports from Europe. PCR-based assays for the detection of K. kingae may be considered in chil- dren with SA, especially in those with a high degree of clinical suspicion.
Amy Zeglinski-Spinney,Denise C. Wai,Philippe Phan,Eve C. Tsai,Alexandra Stratton,Stephen P. Kingwell,Darren M. Roffey,Eugene K. Wai 대한예방의학회 2018 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.51 No.5
Objectives: Chronic diseases, including back pain, result in significant patient morbidity and societal burden. Overall improvement in physical fitness is recommended for prevention and treatment. Walking is a convenient modality for achieving initial gains. Our objective was to determine whether neighbourhood walkability, acting as a surrogate measure of physical fitness, was associated with the presence of chronic disease. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of prospectively collected data from a prior randomized cohort study of 227 patients referred for tertiary assessment of chronic back pain in Ottawa, ON, Canada. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was calculated from patient-completed questionnaires and medical record review. Using patients’ postal codes, neighbourhood walkability was determined using the Walk Score, which awards points based on the distance to the closest amenities, yielding a score from 0 to 100 (0-50: car-dependent; 50-100: walkable). Results: Based on the Walk Score, 134 patients lived in car-dependent neighborhoods and 93 lived in walkable neighborhoods. A multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted for age, gender, rural postal code, body mass index, smoking, median household income, percent employment, pain, and disability, demonstrated an adjusted odds ratio of 2.75 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 6.53) times higher prevalence for having a chronic disease for patients living in a car-dependent neighborhood. There was also a significant dose-related association (p=0.01; Mantel-Haenszel chi-square=6.4) between living in car-dependent neighbourhoods and more severe CCI scores. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that advocating for improved neighbourhood planning to permit greater walkability may help offset the burden of chronic disease.
최진희,이상미,강호정,이재열,김정안,유현오,T. R. Stratton,Bruce M. Applegate,Jeffrey P. Youngblood,김형중,류경남 한국고분자학회 2010 Macromolecular Research Vol.18 No.5
A simple and useful method to synthesize water-soluble chitosan is proposed. Water-soluble chitosan-gpoly(ethylene oxide) could be synthesized readily by modification of authentic chitosan with a 150,000 g/mol molecular weight using ω-anhydride-functionalized poly(ethylene oxide)s (PEOs) with or without small molecular anhydride compounds, such as phthalic anhydride or acetic anhydride through a ‘grafting onto’ method. The PEOgrafting method in the presence of acetic anhydride leading to partial acetylation appears to be more effective in synthesizing relatively high water-soluble chitosan. The bactericidal properties of PEO-modified chitosan and small molecular anhydride over a moderate concentration range (over 500 μg/mL) suggest that they might be used in the biomedical field. The PEO-grafted chitosans were used successfully as polymeric stabilizers to prepare nano-sized iron oxide particles as a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for tumor cells. The size of the iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized by modified chitosans was controlled in the range of 5 to 30 nm with superparamagnetic properties in aqueous media. All the materials were characterized by 1H NMR, UV/Visible spectroscopy, TEM,magnetization, and XRD pattern analyses.